.Dd February 13, 2018 .Dt APKBUILD 5 PRM .Os "Alpine Linux" .Sh NAME .Nm APKBUILD .Nd metadata and instructions to build a package .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm /usr/src/packages///APKBUILD .Sh DESCRIPTION An .Nm file is used by tools such as .Xr abuild 1 to build a package for eventual installation by the .Xr apk 8 package manager. It defines metadata such as the name of the package, the version information, the source license, and contact information for the developer. It additionally contains the commands needed to build, test, and install the package. .Pp The .Nm format is similar to a typical shell script; you set pre-defined variables and implement pre-defined functions, and the .Xr abuild 1 (or similar) utility will use them to create the package. .Ss Required Variables The following variables must be set in all .Nm files: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Cm pkgname Specifies name of the package. This is typically the name of the package upstream; however, note that all letters must be lowercased. .Pp Libraries for scripting languages should have a prefix before the library name describing the language. Such prefixes include .Em lua- , .Em perl- , .Em py- , and .Em rb- . Not all languages use prefixes. For a definitive list, consult the PREFIXES file in the root directory of the repository you are using for packaging. .It Cm pkgver Specifies the version of the software being packaged. The version of a package must consist of one or more numbers separated by the radix (decimal point). The final number may have a single letter following it, for upstreams that use such a versioning scheme (such as 1.5a, 1.5b, 1.5c). .Pp After the final number (and optional single letter), a suffix may be appended, which must be an underscore (_) followed by one of .Em alpha , .Em beta , .Em pre , .Em rc , .Em cvs , .Em svn , .Em git , .Em hg , or .Em p , optionally followed by another number. If the suffix is .Em alpha , .Em beta , .Em pre , or .Em rc , it is considered to be earlier than the version without a suffix; if the suffix is .Em cvs , .Em svn , .Em git , .Em hg , or .Em p , it is considered to be later than the version without a suffix. All of the following examples are valid versions, in order from lowest to highest: .Pp 1.0, 1.1_alpha2, 1.1.3_pre, 1.1.3, 1.1.3_hg, 1.2, 1.2a, 1.2b .It Cm pkgrel Specifies the package release number of this particular package version. This indicates when a package has changed without a corresponding change in version. Always increment .Cm pkgrel when you change the contents, dependencies, or metadata of a package. The first release of a package is always .Li 0 . .It Cm pkgdesc Specifies what the package contains. .Cm pkgdesc must be 128 characters or less, and should concisely describe what actions the software or items being packaged will allow the user to perform. For example, .Dq Fully-featured word processor with spell check and many plugins would be a sufficient .Cm pkgdesc for AbiWord. .It Cm url Specifies the Web address of the package's upstream. This allows users and future maintainers to find documentation, release information, and contact information for the package. If no Web address is available for the package, you must set .Cm url to an empty string (""). .It Cm arch Specifies the architectures for which the package may be built. It is highly recommended that you set this variable to "all" if the package is portable. .Pp You may use "noarch" if the package does not contain any architecture-specific binary files - that is, any files that are compiled for the target only. Such packages may include pure Python packages, shell script packages, and JARs. If you are not sure what this means, using "all" is safe. .It Cm license Specifies the license under which the package is distributed. The value provided must match a SPDX license identifier. .It Cm source Specifies the location of both local and remote source files used to build the package. Typically, the remote source file(s) or archive(s) is specified, followed by any local patches, install scripts, configuration files, or other necessary files. .El .Ss Optional Variables The following variables are not required, but may be set in any .Nm file: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Cm checkdepends Specifies test-time dependencies of the package. Common packages that are used for testing include check, dejagnu, and perl-test-command. .It Cm depends Specifies the run-time dependencies of the package. The .Xr abuild 1 utility will automatically scan the resultant package for shared library (.so) dependencies; do not specify them here. .It Cm install Specifies install scripts for the package, if any. See .Sx Install Scripts for more information about install scripts. .It Cm install_if Specifies a condition when .Xr apk 8 should automatically install the package (or subpackage). For instance, the OpenRC subpackages set .Cm install_if to .Li openrc ${subpkgname%-openrc}=$pkgver-r$pkgrel which means that the OpenRC subpackage will be automatically installed if both OpenRC and the origin package are installed on the same computer. .It Cm makedepends Specifies build dependencies for the package. .It Cm pkggroups Specifies a space-separated list of login groups to create during build-time. Note that you will need to create the login groups in a pre-install install script as well; see .Sx Install Scripts for more information about install scripts. .It Cm pkgusers Specifies a space-separated list of user logins to create during build-time. Note that you will ned to create the user logins in a pre-install install script as well; see .Sx Install Scripts for more information about install scripts. .It Cm provides Specifies that the package "provides" the same contents as another package. There are two formats that you may use for .Cm provides : a provider name, and a provider name with version. .Pp Specifying a provider name with version such as .Li foobar=1.2 will cause the package to be an "alias" of foobar version 1.2. It will be automatically installed if a user then runs .Li apk add foobar or similar, and it will conflict with a package named foobar. .Pp Specifying a provider name without a version such as .Li baz will cause the package to provide a "virtual" called baz. Multiple packages with the same virtual provider can be installed on a system; however, if a user runs .Li apk add baz they will provided a list of packages that provide baz and must select one and install it. .It Cm provider_priority Specifies the numeric value for .Xr apk 8 to use for the package when considering which provider should be installed for the same .Cm provides virtual provider. .It Cm replaces Specifies packages that the package replaces. This is typically used for packages renamed by upstream. .It Cm subpackages Specifies subpackages or split packages built with this package. Typically, this will include .Li $pkgname-dev for development files (such as /usr/include and static library files) and .Li $pkgname-doc for documentation (such as /usr/share/doc and /usr/share/man). .Pp Each subpackage may be specified using three different methods. The first, and most common, is .Li $pkgname-foo where .Li foo is the name of the split function specified later in the file. Similar to the .Cm package function, the .Li foo function must move files from .Pa $pkgdir or .Pa $srcdir to .Pa $subpkgdir after creating .Pa $subpkgdir . .Pp The second method is to simply call the subpackage .Li foo which will create a package called .Li foo instead of pkgname-foo. .Pp However, .Li foo in both of these examples cannot contain a hyphen, as shell function names cannot have hyphens in them. In this case, the third method may be used: .Li foo:funcname where .Li foo is the name of the subpackage and .Li funcname is the name of the shell function in the .Nm that creates it. .Pp Note that an additional colon may be used to specify an architecture for the subpackage; typically, this is used for marking miscellaneous files that are not architecture-specific as noarch. For example, .Li $pkgname-doc $pkgname-foo $pkgname-foo-misc:foo_misc:noarch will create the $pkgname-doc package using the .Cm doc function, the $pkgname-foo package using the .Cm foo function, and the $pkgname-foo-misc package using the .Cm foo_misc function and set $pkgname-foo-misc as noarch. .It Cm triggers Specifies a trigger script used by the package. A trigger script is a shell script that is called whenever monitored files or directories are modified. You may specify the paths to monitor using the triggers variable as follows: .Pp .Li $pkgname.trigger=/usr/share/man:/usr/local/share/man .Pp This will run the package trigger script whenever files in .Pa /usr/share/man or .Pa /usr/local/share/man are created, modified, or removed. .El .Ss options The .Cm options variable allows you to set parameters for the package at build time. There are a number of valid options you may set, and you may set multiple options by writing a space between each one. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Cm !archcheck Specifies that the package contains binaries that cannot run on the target architecture. This is primarily used for packages containing firmware, and should typically never need to be used. .It Cm charset.alias Specifies that the package ships a /usr/lib/charset.alias file and that it should be installed on the user's system. This is almost never the case. Do not use this option. .It Cm !check Specifies that the package will not run a test suite. The reason for disabling the check phase should be noted in a comment. .It Cm checkroot Specifies that the package's test suite will be run in .Xr fakeroot 8 . This is necessary for some test suites which fail when run as non-root. .It Cm !dbg Specifies that the package should not be built with a debug information package. This is the default unless .Ev DEFAULT_DBG is set in the environment or .Xr abuild.conf 5 . It is typically used on packages that do not generate debug information (such as pure Python packages) or packages that do not support debug information packages. .It Cm !fhs Specifies that the package violates FHS and installs to a location such as .Pa /usr/local , .Pa /opt , or .Pa /srv . .It Cm ldpath-recursive Specifies that .Xr abuild 1 should use the .Fl --recursive argument to .Xr scanelf 1 when attempting to find shared library (.so) dependencies for the package. .It Cm libtool Specifies that the package requires its libtool (.la) files. They will not be automatically removed by .Xr abuild 1 . .It Cm net Specifies that the package build system requires access to a network. This is discouraged and an issue should be filed with the package's authors. .It Cm !strip Specifies that .Xr strip 1 should not be run on any of the package's binaries. This is automatically implied if the -dbg subpackage is enabled, or if you are using .Ev DEFAULT_DBG . .It Cm suid Specifies that binaries in the package may be installed set-uid. This is a security risk and it is highly recommended to use capabilities or process separation instead of set-uid where available. .It Cm textrels Specifies that the package's binaries are known to contain relocations against text segments. By default, .Xr abuild 1 will refuse to create such a package because this is a security concern. .It Cm toolchain Specifies that the package is part of the base toolchain set and may depend on packages like .Li g++ . .It Cm !tracedeps Specifies that .Xr abuild 1 should not automatically populate .Cm depends with shared library (.so) or symlink target dependencies. .El .Ss Automatic Variables The following variables are defined for you by .Xr abuild 1 , but may be overridden if necessary. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Cm builddir Specifies the directory where the source code of the package will be built. The default value is .Pa $srcdir/$pkgname-$pkgver which is appropriate for most source distributions. If the source tarball does not create a $pkgname-$pkgver directory when it is unpacked, you must override .Cm builddir . .It Cm pkgdir Specifies the directory where the built files will be installed. Typically, you will call .Li make DESTDIR="$pkgdir" install or similar to install the files. The default value is .Pa $startdir/pkg and you should not modify this variable. .It Cm srcdir Specifies the directory where the files specified in .Cm source are downloaded and unpacked. The default value is .Pa $startdir/src and you should not need to modify this. .It Cm startdir Specifies the directory where the .Nm file resides. .It Cm subpkgdir Specifies the directory where the subpackage's files should be placed. This variable is only set inside subpackage functions. .El .Ss Special Variables The following variables are used only in special circumstances, and may be required or optional depending on their usage and the contents of other variables. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Cm depends_dev Specifies the run-time dependencies of the -dev subpackage. .It Cm depends_doc Specifies the run-time dependencies of the -doc subpackage. .It Cm depends_libs Specifies the run-time dependencies of the -libs subpackage. .It Cm depends_openrc Specifies the run-time dependencies of the -openrc subpackage. .It Cm depends_static Specifies the run-time dependencies of the -static subpackage. .It Cm giturl Specifies the URL of the Git repository to use with .Cm abuild snapshot . If the default branch of the repository is not desired, a different one may be specified by appending .Fl b Ar branch where .Cm branch is the branch to checkout. .El .Ss Functions Functions specified here may be present in any .Nm file, but with the exception of .Cm package , are not strictly required. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Cm fetch This function is called to download the remote files in .Cm source . .It Cm unpack This function unpacks any archives in .Cm source to .Ev srcdir . .It Cm prepare Prepares the source in .Ev srcdir to be built. The default .Cm prepare function ensures the build directories are set up correctly and applies any *.patch files specified in .Cm source . You must call .Cm default_prepare if you write a custom .Cm prepare function. .It Cm build Compiles the source in .Ev builddir . You must implement this function yourself. If no compilation is required, you may omit it. .It Cm check Runs the package's test suite. This function must be implemented unless .Li !check was specified in .Cm options . .It Cm package Installs the package into .Ev pkgdir . Note that .Ev pkgdir is not created for you; if this package installs no files (for example, a metapackage), you must use .Li mkdir -p "$pkgdir" to skip the package phase. .El .Ss Install Scripts An install script is run when an action is taken on a package by .Xr apk 8 . An install script must be written in shell and must have a .Li #!/bin/sh interpreter declaration as the first line. The .Cm install variable must contain the install scripts needed by the package. .Pp The install script will be run inside the root filesystem where the package is being installed. A single argument will be passed to all scripts, which is the version of the package being currently installed (or deinstalled). The pre-upgrade and post-upgrade scripts will have an additional second argument, which specifies the version of the package before the upgrade process. .Pp The different actions that may have install scripts specified are as follows: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Ic $pkgname.pre-install Executed before the package is installed. If this script exits with an error (non-zero exit code), .Xr apk 8 will halt the installation and the package will not be installed. This install script is typically used to create any users or groups needed as described in .Cm pkggroups and .Cm pkgusers . .It Ic $pkgname.post-install Executed after the package is installed. If this script exits with an error (non-zero exit code), .Xr apk 8 will mark the package as broken. The .Li apk fix command will attempt to re-run the post-install script if this occurs. .It Ic $pkgname.pre-upgrade Executed before the package is upgraded. If this script exits with an error (non-zero exit code), .Xr apk 8 will mark the package as broken. .It Ic $pkgname.post-upgrade Executed after the package is upgraded. If this script exits with an error (non-zero exit code), .Xr apk 8 will mark the package as broken. The .Li apk fix command will attempt to re-run the post-upgrade script if this occurs. .It Ic $pkgname.pre-deinstall Executed before the package is removed from the system. If this script exits with an error (non-zero exit code), .Xr apk 8 will not remove the package from the system. .It Ic $pkgname.post-deinstall Executed after the package is removed from the system. Exiting with an error will have no effect. .El .Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES Currently, .Nm files are sourced as normal shell scripts. This may change at a later date. .Sh COMPATIBILITY The .Xr abuild 1 utility as distributed by Alpine uses the BusyBox Almquist shell, a part of .Xr busybox 1 that is currently undocumented. It is mostly compliant with .St -p1003.2 , with some bash-like extensions. The .Xr abuild 1 utility as distributed by Adélie uses the user's preferred /bin/sh, which is typically .Xr bash 1 . .Sh SEE ALSO SPDX license reference (on the Web at ), .Xr abuild 1 , .Xr newapkbuild 1 , .Xr apk 8 . .Sh HISTORY The .Nm format and .Xr abuild 1 utility first appeared in Alpine Linux 1.9. .Sh AUTHORS .An Timo Teräs Aq Mt timo.teras@iki.fi .An Natanael Copa Aq Mt ncopa@alpinelinux.org .Pp Documentation: .An A. Wilcox Aq Mt awilfox@adelielinux.org .\" .Sh BUGS .\" if we end up finding bugs that should be documented, put them here.