Bring "ex" version up to date with 0.99.18ex14

Release: 0.99.18ex14

Also fixes issue with unknown attributes -- does not release them prematurely.

Contains the "bgpd: New show commands for improved view and address family support", which is post 0.99.18.  (But not RFC 5082 GTSM.)

107 files changed, 2639 insertions, 8809 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 19167ce9..2f5d6b86 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ INSTALL
 depcomp
 missing
 install-sh
+mkinstalldirs
 autom4te*.cache
 configure.lineno
 configure
diff --git a/HACKING b/HACKING
index 5a207274..0358fed2 100644
--- a/HACKING
+++ b/HACKING
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ Contents:
 * STABLE PLATFORMS AND DAEMONS
 * IMPORT OR UPDATE VENDOR SPECIFIC ROUTING PROTOCOLS
 
+
 GUIDELINES FOR HACKING ON QUAGGA
 
 [this is a draft in progress]
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@ release.
 
 See also below regarding SHARED LIBRARY VERSIONING.
 
+
 COMPILE-TIME CONDITIONAL CODE
 
 Please think very carefully before making code conditional at compile time,
@@ -121,12 +123,13 @@ rather than:
 Note that the former approach requires ensuring that SOME_SYMBOL will be
 defined (watch your AC_DEFINEs).
 
+
 COMMIT MESSAGES
 
 The commit message should provide:
 
-* A suitable one-line summary as the very first line of the message, in the
-  form:
+* A suitable one-line summary followed by a blank line as the very
+  first line of the message, in the form:
 
   topic: high-level, one line summary
 
@@ -141,12 +144,14 @@ The commit message should provide:
 
 to provide a short description of the general intent of the patch, in terms
 of the problem it solves and how it achieves it, to help reviewers
-understand. 
+understand.
 
+The one-line summary must be limited to 54 characters, and all other
+lines to 72 characters.
 
 The reason for such itemised commit messages is to encourage the author to
 self-review every line of the patch, as well as provide reviewers an index
-of which changes are intended, along with a short description for each. 
+of which changes are intended, along with a short description for each.
 Some discretion is obviously required.  A C-to-english description is not
 desireable.  For short patches, a per-function/file break-down may be
 redundant.  For longer patches, such a break-down may be essential.
@@ -157,11 +162,13 @@ given the one-line summary):
 zebra: Enhance frob FSM to detect loss of frob
 
 * (general) Add a new DOWN state to the frob state machine
-   to allow the barinator to detect loss of frob. 
+   to allow the barinator to detect loss of frob.
 * frob.h: (struct frob) Add DOWN state flag.
 * frob.c: (frob_change) set/clear DOWN appropriately on state change.
 * bar.c: (barinate) Check frob for DOWN state.
 
+Note that the commit message format follows git norms, so that "git
+log --oneline" will have useful output.
 
 HACKING THE BUILD SYSTEM
 
@@ -170,13 +177,14 @@ etc.), try to check that the following things still work:
 
 	- make dist
 	- resulting dist tarball builds
-	- out-of-tree builds 
+	- out-of-tree builds
 
 The quagga.net site relies on make dist to work to generate snapshots. It
 must work. Common problems are to forget to have some additional file
 included in the dist, or to have a make rule refer to a source file without
 using the srcdir variable.
 
+
 RELEASE PROCEDURE
 
 * Tag the apppropriate commit with a release tag (follow existing
@@ -199,7 +207,7 @@ RELEASE PROCEDURE
 The tarball which 'make dist' creates is the tarball to be released! The
 git-archive step ensures you're working with code corresponding to that in
 the official repository, and also carries out keyword expansion. If any
-errors occur, move tags as needed and start over from the fresh checkouts. 
+errors occur, move tags as needed and start over from the fresh checkouts.
 Do not append to tarballs, as this has produced non-standards-conforming
 tarballs in the past.
 
@@ -239,23 +247,33 @@ library libzebra and the included daemons should always be built and
 installed together.
 
 
+GIT COMMIT SUBSMISSION
+
+The preferred method for changes is to provide git commits via a
+publically-accessible git repository.
+
+All content guidelines in PATCH SUBMISSION apply.
+
+
 PATCH SUBMISSION
 
 * Send a clean diff against the 'master' branch of the quagga.git
-  repository, in unified diff format, preferably with the '-p' argument to 
+  repository, in unified diff format, preferably with the '-p' argument to
   show C function affected by any chunk, and with the -w and -b arguments to
-  minimise changes. E.g: 
+  minimise changes. E.g:
 
     git diff -up mybranch..remotes/quagga.net/master
 
-  Or by using git-format-patch.
+  It is preferable to use git format-patch, and even more preferred to
+  publish a git repostory.
 
-*  Not doing so is a definite hindrance to patch application.
+  If not using git format-patch, Include the commit message in the email.
 
-* Include NEWS entries as appropriate. 
+* After a commit, code should have comments explaining to the reviewer
+  why it is correct, without reference to history.  The commit message
+  should explain why the change is correct.
 
-* Please, please include an appropriate commit message with any emailed
-  patches. Doing so makes it easier to review a patch, and apply it.
+* Include NEWS entries as appropriate.
 
 * Include only one semantic change or group of changes per patch.
 
diff --git a/HACKING.pending b/HACKING.pending
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..25ea0bd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/HACKING.pending
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+This file contains pointers to work done on quagga that is not in the
+quagga git repository or quagga bugzilla.
+
+* bug/patch trackers
+
+** diac24 patchwork instance
+
+David Lamparter <equinox@diac24.net> runs a patchwork instance at
+
+  http://patchwork.diac24.net/project/quagga/list/
+
+which contains about 225 patches to quagga.  Many of these are
+collected in his git repository.
+
+* public git repositories
+
+** git remote add equinox git://git.spaceboyz.net/equinox/quagga.git/
+
+This repository has topic branches for patches intended for inclusion
+in the main quagga tree, named patches/, plus some other branches.
+
+** git remote add balajig http://github.com/balajig/quagga-next.git 
+
+Balaji G has prepared a git repository where a number of patches to
+the list have been stored.
+
+** git remote add mtr http://github.com/tomhenderson/quagga-mtr.git
+
+Tom Henderson of Boeing has created a repository to work on
+multi-topology routing support for OSPF.  Work on this repository
+takes place on the branch mtr, which has a branch poing of 0.99.17
+
+* posted patches
+
+** Boeing
+
+Boeing has posted patches
+
+  quagga-0.99.9.ospfv3-addressfamilies.patch
+  quagga-0.99.9.ospfv3-manetmdr.patch
+
+against 0.99.9 at
+
+  http://hipserver.mct.phantomworks.org/ietf/ospf/
+
+Both patches include functional enhancements as well as support for
+gcc 2.95.
+
+[TODO: Are any of these obsolete with respect to mtr/mtr?]
diff --git a/README.NetBSD b/README.NetBSD
index 55e54af8..9aac4c35 100755
--- a/README.NetBSD
+++ b/README.NetBSD
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-$Id$
+# $QuaggaId: Format:%an, %ai, %h$ $
 
 # This file is helpful for building quagga from cvs on NetBSD, and
 # probably on any system using pkgsrc.  
 # One should have readline installed already (pkgsrc/devel/readline).
 
+MAKE=make
 # Quagga is currently documented not to require GNU make, but sometimes
 # BSD make fails.  Enable this if statement as a workaround.
 if false; then
@@ -13,29 +14,32 @@ if false; then
     echo "WARNING: using gmake to work around nonportable makefiles"
 fi
 
+# Use /usr/quagga to be independent, and /usr/pkg to overwrite pkgsrc.
+PREFIX=/usr/pkg
+
 case $1 in
 
     build)
 	./bootstrap.sh
 	LDFLAGS="-L/usr/pkg/lib -R/usr/pkg/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/pkg/include" \
-    	./configure --prefix=/usr/quagga \
+    	./configure --prefix=${PREFIX} \
 	    --sysconfdir=/etc/zebra --localstatedir=/var/run/zebra \
-	    --enable-exampledir=/usr/quagga/share/examples/zebra \
-	    --enable-pkgsrcrcdir=/usr/quagga/etc/rc.d \
+	    --enable-exampledir=${PREFIX}/share/examples/zebra \
+	    --enable-pkgsrcrcdir=${PREFIX}/etc/rc.d \
 	    --enable-opaque-lsa --enable-vtysh
-	make
+	${MAKE}
 	;;
 
     install)
-    	make install
+    	${MAKE} install
 	;;
 
     clean)
-    	make clean
+    	${MAKE} clean
 	;;
 
     *)
-	echo "Illegal command $1"
+	echo "Usage: README.NetBSD (build|install|clean)"
 	exit 1
 	;;
 
diff --git a/REPORTING-BUGS b/REPORTING-BUGS
index 0b0380b8..83f4eb99 100644
--- a/REPORTING-BUGS
+++ b/REPORTING-BUGS
@@ -2,17 +2,24 @@ This file describes the procedure for reporting Quagga bugs. You are not
 obliged to follow this format, but it would be great help for Quagga developers
 if you report a bug as described below.
 
+Bugs submitted with woefully incomplete information may be summarily
+closed.  Submitters of bugs against old versions may be asked to
+retest against the latest release.  Submitters may be asked for
+additional information.  Bugs may be closed after 30 days of
+non-response to requests to reconfirm or supply additional
+information.
+
 Report bugs http://bugzilla.quagga.net
 
 Please supply the following information:
-1. Your Quagga version or if it is CVS version then the date you did checkout.
-   Always try to report the bugs on the current CVS version.
+1. Your Quagga version or if it is from git then the  commit reference.
+   Please try to report bugs against git master or the latest release.
 2. Quagga daemons you run e.g. bgpd or ripd and full name of your OS. Any
    specific options you compiled Quagga with. 
 3. Problem description. Copy and paste relative commands and their output to
    describe your network setup e.g. "zebra>show ip route".
    Please, also give your simple network layout and output of relative OS
-   commands (e.g. ifconfig or ip in case of Linux).
+   commands (e.g., ifconfig (BSD) or ip (Linux)).
 4. All Quagga configuration files you use. If you don't want to publish your
    network numbers change 2 middle bytes in IPv4 address to be XXX (e.g.
    192.XXX.XXX.32/24). Similar could be done with IPv6.
diff --git a/bgpd/bgp_attr.c b/bgpd/bgp_attr.c
index 688cc015..b90fbce8 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgp_attr.c
+++ b/bgpd/bgp_attr.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
 #include "stream.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "hash.h"
+#include "jhash.h"
 
 #include "bgpd/bgpd.h"
 #include "bgpd/bgp_attr.h"
@@ -116,18 +117,8 @@ cluster_loop_check (struct cluster_list *cluster, struct in_addr originator)
 static unsigned int
 cluster_hash_key_make (void *p)
 {
-  struct cluster_list * cluster = (struct cluster_list *) p;
-  unsigned int key = 0;
-  int length;
-  caddr_t pnt;
-
-  length = cluster->length;
-  pnt = (caddr_t) cluster->list;
-
-  while (length)
-    key += pnt[--length];
-
-  return key;
+  const struct cluster_list *cluster = p;
+  return jhash(cluster->list, cluster->length, 0);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -258,18 +249,8 @@ transit_unintern (struct transit *transit)
 static unsigned int
 transit_hash_key_make (void *p)
 {
-  struct transit * transit = (struct transit *) p;
-  unsigned int key = 0;
-  int length;
-  caddr_t pnt;
-
-  length = transit->length;
-  pnt = (caddr_t) transit->val;
-
-  while (length)
-    key += pnt[--length];
-
-  return key;
+  const struct transit * transit = p ;
+  return jhash(transit->val, transit->length, 0);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -352,50 +333,46 @@ attr_unknown_count (void)
 unsigned int
 attrhash_key_make (void *p)
 {
-  struct attr * attr = (struct attr *) p;
-  unsigned int key = 0;
+  const struct attr * attr = (struct attr *) p;
+  uint32_t key = 0;
+#define MIX(val)       key = jhash_1word(val, key)
 
-  key += attr->origin;
-  key += attr->nexthop.s_addr;
-  key += attr->med;
-  key += attr->local_pref;
-  if (attr->pathlimit.as)
-    {
-      key += attr->pathlimit.ttl;
-      key += attr->pathlimit.as;
-    }
+  MIX(attr->origin);
+  MIX(attr->nexthop.s_addr);
+  MIX(attr->med);
+  MIX(attr->local_pref);
 
   if (attr->extra)
     {
-      key += attr->extra->aggregator_as;
-      key += attr->extra->aggregator_addr.s_addr;
-      key += attr->extra->weight;
-      key += attr->extra->mp_nexthop_global_in.s_addr;
+      MIX(attr->extra->aggregator_as);
+      MIX(attr->extra->aggregator_addr.s_addr);
+      MIX(attr->extra->weight);
+      MIX(attr->extra->mp_nexthop_global_in.s_addr);
     }
 
   if (attr->aspath)
-    key += aspath_key_make (attr->aspath);
+    MIX(aspath_key_make (attr->aspath));
   if (attr->community)
-    key += community_hash_make (attr->community);
+    MIX(community_hash_make (attr->community));
 
   if (attr->extra)
     {
       if (attr->extra->ecommunity)
-        key += ecommunity_hash_make (attr->extra->ecommunity);
+        MIX(ecommunity_hash_make (attr->extra->ecommunity));
       if (attr->extra->cluster)
-        key += cluster_hash_key_make (attr->extra->cluster);
+        MIX(cluster_hash_key_make (attr->extra->cluster));
       if (attr->extra->transit)
-        key += transit_hash_key_make (attr->extra->transit);
+        MIX(transit_hash_key_make (attr->extra->transit));
 
 #ifdef HAVE_IPV6
       {
         int i;
 
-        key += attr->extra->mp_nexthop_len;
+        MIX(attr->extra->mp_nexthop_len);
         for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
-          key += attr->extra->mp_nexthop_global.s6_addr[i];
+          key = jhash(&attr->extra->mp_nexthop_global.s6_addr, 16, key);
         for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
-          key += attr->extra->mp_nexthop_local.s6_addr[i];
+          key = jhash(&attr->extra->mp_nexthop_local.s6_addr, 16, key);
       }
 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
     }
@@ -415,9 +392,7 @@ attrhash_cmp (const void *p1, const void *p2)
       && attr1->aspath == attr2->aspath
       && attr1->community == attr2->community
       && attr1->med == attr2->med
-      && attr1->local_pref == attr2->local_pref
-      && attr1->pathlimit.ttl == attr2->pathlimit.ttl
-      && attr1->pathlimit.as == attr2->pathlimit.as)
+      && attr1->local_pref == attr2->local_pref)
     {
       const struct attr_extra *ae1 = attr1->extra;
       const struct attr_extra *ae2 = attr2->extra;
@@ -761,48 +736,11 @@ bgp_attr_flush (struct attr *attr)
         ecommunity_free (attre->ecommunity);
       if (attre->cluster && (attre->cluster->refcnt == 0))
         cluster_free (attre->cluster);
-      if (attre->transit && ! (attre->transit->refcnt == 0))
+      if (attre->transit && (attre->transit->refcnt == 0))
         transit_free (attre->transit);
     }
 }
 
-/* Parse AS_PATHLIMIT attribute in an UPDATE */
-static int
-bgp_attr_aspathlimit (struct peer *peer, bgp_size_t length,
-                      struct attr *attr, u_char flag, u_char *startp)
-{
-  bgp_size_t total;
-
-  total = length + (CHECK_FLAG (flag, BGP_ATTR_FLAG_EXTLEN) ? 4 : 3);
-
-  if (!CHECK_FLAG(flag, BGP_ATTR_FLAG_TRANS)
-       || !CHECK_FLAG(flag, BGP_ATTR_FLAG_OPTIONAL))
-    {
-      zlog (peer->log, LOG_ERR,
-	    "AS-Pathlimit attribute flag isn't transitive %d", flag);
-      bgp_peer_down_error_with_data (peer,
-				       BGP_NOTIFY_UPDATE_ERR,
-				       BGP_NOTIFY_UPDATE_ATTR_FLAG_ERR,
-				       startp, total);
-      return -1;
-    }
-
-  if (length != 5)
-    {
-      zlog (peer->log, LOG_ERR,
-	    "AS-Pathlimit length, %u, is not 5", length);
-      bgp_peer_down_error_with_data (peer,
-                                       BGP_NOTIFY_UPDATE_ERR,
-                                       BGP_NOTIFY_UPDATE_ATTR_FLAG_ERR,
-                                       startp, total);
-      return -1;
-    }
-
-  attr->pathlimit.ttl = stream_getc (BGP_INPUT(peer));
-  attr->pathlimit.as = stream_getl (BGP_INPUT(peer));
-  attr->flag |= ATTR_FLAG_BIT (BGP_ATTR_AS_PATHLIMIT);
-  return 0;
-}
 /* Get origin attribute of the update message. */
 static int
 bgp_attr_origin (struct peer *peer, bgp_size_t length,
@@ -1291,12 +1229,14 @@ bgp_attr_community (struct peer *peer, bgp_size_t length,
       attr->community = NULL;
       return 0;
     }
-  else
-    {
-      attr->community =
+
+  attr->community =
         community_parse ((u_int32_t *)stream_pnt (peer->ibuf), length);
-      stream_forward_getp (peer->ibuf, length);
-    }
+  /* XXX: fix community_parse to use stream API and remove this */
+  stream_forward_getp (peer->ibuf, length);
+
+  if (!attr->community)
+    return -1 ;
 
   attr->flag |= ATTR_FLAG_BIT (BGP_ATTR_COMMUNITIES);
 
@@ -1355,8 +1295,8 @@ int
 bgp_mp_reach_parse (struct peer *peer, bgp_size_t length, struct attr *attr,
 		    struct bgp_nlri *mp_update)
 {
-  u_int16_t afi;
-  u_char safi;
+  afi_t afi;
+  safi_t safi;
   bgp_size_t nlri_len;
   size_t start;
   int ret;
@@ -1490,8 +1430,8 @@ bgp_mp_unreach_parse (struct peer *peer, bgp_size_t length,
 		      struct bgp_nlri *mp_withdraw)
 {
   struct stream *s;
-  u_int16_t afi;
-  u_char safi;
+  afi_t afi;
+  safi_t safi;
   u_int16_t withdraw_len;
   int ret;
 
@@ -1532,13 +1472,19 @@ bgp_attr_ext_communities (struct peer *peer, bgp_size_t length,
     {
       if (attr->extra)
         attr->extra->ecommunity = NULL;
+
+        /* Empty extcomm doesn't seem to be invalid per se */
+        return 0;
     }
-  else
-    {
-      (bgp_attr_extra_get (attr))->ecommunity =
-        ecommunity_parse ((u_int8_t *)stream_pnt (peer->ibuf), length);
-      stream_forward_getp (peer->ibuf, length);
-    }
+
+  (bgp_attr_extra_get (attr))->ecommunity =
+      ecommunity_parse ((u_int8_t *)stream_pnt (peer->ibuf), length);
+  /* XXX: fix ecommunity_parse to use stream API */
+  stream_forward_getp (peer->ibuf, length);
+
+  if (!attr->extra->ecommunity)
+    return -1;
+
   attr->flag |= ATTR_FLAG_BIT (BGP_ATTR_EXT_COMMUNITIES);
 
   return 0;
@@ -1776,9 +1722,6 @@ bgp_attr_parse (struct peer *peer, struct attr *attr, bgp_size_t size,
 	case BGP_ATTR_EXT_COMMUNITIES:
 	  ret = bgp_attr_ext_communities (peer, length, attr, flag);
 	  break;
-        case BGP_ATTR_AS_PATHLIMIT:
-          ret = bgp_attr_aspathlimit (peer, length, attr, flag, startp);
-          break;
 	default:
 	  ret = bgp_attr_unknown (peer, attr, flag, type, length, startp);
 	  break;
@@ -2339,24 +2282,6 @@ bgp_packet_attribute (struct bgp *bgp, struct peer *peer,
       stream_put_ipv4 (s, attr->extra->aggregator_addr.s_addr);
     }
 
-  /* AS-Pathlimit */
-  if (attr->pathlimit.ttl)
-    {
-      u_int32_t as = attr->pathlimit.as;
-
-      /* should already have been done in announce_check(),
-       * but just in case..
-       */
-      if (!as)
-        as = peer->local_as;
-
-      stream_putc (s, BGP_ATTR_FLAG_OPTIONAL|BGP_ATTR_FLAG_TRANS);
-      stream_putc (s, BGP_ATTR_AS_PATHLIMIT);
-      stream_putc (s, 5);
-      stream_putc (s, attr->pathlimit.ttl);
-      stream_putl (s, as);
-    }
-
   /* Unknown transit attribute. */
   if (attr->extra && attr->extra->transit)
     stream_put (s, attr->extra->transit->val, attr->extra->transit->length);
@@ -2568,16 +2493,6 @@ bgp_dump_routes_attr (struct stream *s, struct attr *attr,
     }
 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
 
-  /* AS-Pathlimit */
-  if (attr->flag & ATTR_FLAG_BIT (BGP_ATTR_AS_PATHLIMIT))
-    {
-      stream_putc (s, BGP_ATTR_FLAG_OPTIONAL|BGP_ATTR_FLAG_TRANS);
-      stream_putc (s, BGP_ATTR_AS_PATHLIMIT);
-      stream_putc (s, 5);
-      stream_putc (s, attr->pathlimit.ttl);
-      stream_putl (s, attr->pathlimit.as);
-    }
-
   /* Return total size of attribute. */
   len = stream_get_endp (s) - cp - 2;
   stream_putw_at (s, cp, len);
diff --git a/bgpd/bgp_attr.h b/bgpd/bgp_attr.h
index d8a08d12..1017a035 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgp_attr.h
+++ b/bgpd/bgp_attr.h
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* BGP attributes. 
+/* BGP attributes.
    Copyright (C) 1996, 97, 98 Kunihiro Ishiguro
 
 This file is part of GNU Zebra.
@@ -64,28 +64,28 @@ struct attr_extra
 
   /* Extended Communities attribute. */
   struct ecommunity *ecommunity;
-  
+
   /* Route-Reflector Cluster attribute */
   struct cluster_list *cluster;
-  
+
   /* Unknown transitive attribute. */
   struct transit *transit;
 
   struct in_addr mp_nexthop_global_in;
   struct in_addr mp_nexthop_local_in;
-  
+
   /* Aggregator Router ID attribute */
   struct in_addr aggregator_addr;
-  
+
   /* Route Reflector Originator attribute */
   struct in_addr originator_id;
-  
+
   /* Local weight, not actually an attribute */
   u_int32_t weight;
-  
+
   /* Aggregator ASN */
   as_t aggregator_as;
-  
+
   /* MP Nexthop length */
   u_char mp_nexthop_len;
 };
@@ -97,28 +97,22 @@ struct attr
   struct aspath *aspath;
 
   /* Community structure */
-  struct community *community;	
-  
+  struct community *community;
+
   /* Lazily allocated pointer to extra attributes */
   struct attr_extra *extra;
-  
+
   /* Reference count of this attribute. */
   unsigned long refcnt;
 
   /* Flag of attribute is set or not. */
   u_int32_t flag;
-  
+
   /* Apart from in6_addr, the remaining static attributes */
   struct in_addr nexthop;
   u_int32_t med;
   u_int32_t local_pref;
-  
-  /* AS-Pathlimit */
-  struct {
-    u_int32_t as;
-    u_char ttl;
-  } pathlimit;
-  
+
   /* Path origin attribute */
   u_char origin;
 };
@@ -156,14 +150,14 @@ extern void bgp_attr_flush (struct attr *);
 extern struct attr *bgp_attr_default_set (struct attr *attr, u_char);
 extern struct attr *bgp_attr_default_intern (u_char);
 extern struct attr *bgp_attr_aggregate_intern (struct bgp *, u_char,
-                                        struct aspath *, 
+                                        struct aspath *,
                                         struct community *, int as_set);
-extern bgp_size_t bgp_packet_attribute (struct bgp *bgp, struct peer *, 
-                                 struct stream *, struct attr *, 
-                                 struct prefix *, afi_t, safi_t, 
+extern bgp_size_t bgp_packet_attribute (struct bgp *bgp, struct peer *,
+                                 struct stream *, struct attr *,
+                                 struct prefix *, afi_t, safi_t,
                                  struct peer *, struct prefix_rd *, u_char *);
-extern bgp_size_t bgp_packet_withdraw (struct peer *peer, struct stream *s, 
-                                struct prefix *p, afi_t, safi_t, 
+extern bgp_size_t bgp_packet_withdraw (struct peer *peer, struct stream *s,
+                                struct prefix *p, afi_t, safi_t,
                                 struct prefix_rd *, u_char *);
 extern void bgp_dump_routes_attr (struct stream *, struct attr *,
 				  struct prefix *);
diff --git a/bgpd/bgp_community.c b/bgpd/bgp_community.c
index ae1d7a15..68383adf 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgp_community.c
+++ b/bgpd/bgp_community.c
@@ -292,6 +292,13 @@ community_com2str  (struct community *com)
   return str;
 }
 
+/* Find an 'intern'ed community structure */
+struct community *
+community_lookup (struct community *com)
+{
+   return (struct community *) hash_lookup (comhash, com);
+}
+
 /* Intern communities attribute.  */
 struct community *
 community_intern (struct community *com)
diff --git a/bgpd/bgp_community.h b/bgpd/bgp_community.h
index bc1e56ef..78cbfe2b 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgp_community.h
+++ b/bgpd/bgp_community.h
@@ -70,5 +70,6 @@ extern int community_include (struct community *, u_int32_t);
 extern void community_del_val (struct community *, u_int32_t *);
 extern unsigned long community_count (void);
 extern struct hash *community_hash (void);
+extern struct community *community_lookup (struct community *);
 
 #endif /* _QUAGGA_BGP_COMMUNITY_H */
diff --git a/bgpd/bgp_damp.c b/bgpd/bgp_damp.c
index a474b606..79d75a3f 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgp_damp.c
+++ b/bgpd/bgp_damp.c
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ bgp_reuse_timer (struct thread *t)
   damp->t_reuse =
     thread_add_timer (master, bgp_reuse_timer, NULL, DELTA_REUSE);
 
-  t_now = time (NULL);
+  t_now = bgp_clock ();
 
   /* 1.  save a pointer to the current zeroth queue head and zero the
      list head entry.  */
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ bgp_damp_withdraw (struct bgp_info *binfo, struct bgp_node *rn,
   struct bgp_damp_info *bdi = NULL;
   double last_penalty = 0;
 
-  t_now = time (NULL);
+  t_now = bgp_clock ();
 
   /* Processing Unreachable Messages.  */
   if (binfo->extra)
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ bgp_damp_update (struct bgp_info *binfo, struct bgp_node *rn,
   if (!binfo->extra || !((bdi = binfo->extra->damp_info)))
     return BGP_DAMP_USED;
 
-  t_now = time (NULL);
+  t_now = bgp_clock ();
   bgp_info_unset_flag (rn, binfo, BGP_INFO_HISTORY);
 
   bdi->lastrecord = BGP_RECORD_UPDATE;
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ bgp_damp_scan (struct bgp_info *binfo, afi_t afi, safi_t safi)
 
   assert (binfo->extra && binfo->extra->damp_info);
 
-  t_now = time (NULL);
+  t_now = bgp_clock ();
   bdi = binfo->extra->damp_info;
 
   if (CHECK_FLAG (binfo->flags, BGP_INFO_DAMPED))
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ bgp_damp_info_vty (struct vty *vty, struct bgp_info *binfo)
     return;
 
   /* Calculate new penalty.  */
-  t_now = time (NULL);
+  t_now = bgp_clock ();
   t_diff = t_now - bdi->t_updated;
   penalty = bgp_damp_decay (t_diff, bdi->penalty);
 
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ bgp_damp_reuse_time_vty (struct vty *vty, struct bgp_info *binfo,
     return NULL;
 
   /* Calculate new penalty.  */
-  t_now = time (NULL);
+  t_now = bgp_clock ();
   t_diff = t_now - bdi->t_updated;
   penalty = bgp_damp_decay (t_diff, bdi->penalty);
 
diff --git a/bgpd/bgp_debug.c b/bgpd/bgp_debug.c
index c4cf9cf6..eda146dd 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgp_debug.c
+++ b/bgpd/bgp_debug.c
@@ -399,7 +399,6 @@ ALIAS (no_debug_bgp_as4,
        undebug_bgp_as4_cmd,
        "undebug bgp as4",
        UNDEBUG_STR
-       DEBUG_STR
        BGP_STR
        "BGP AS4 actions\n")
 
@@ -408,6 +407,7 @@ DEFUN (debug_bgp_as4_segment,
        "debug bgp as4 segment",
        DEBUG_STR
        BGP_STR
+       "BGP AS4 actions\n"
        "BGP AS4 aspath segment handling\n")
 {
   if (vty_get_node(vty) == CONFIG_NODE)
@@ -426,6 +426,7 @@ DEFUN (no_debug_bgp_as4_segment,
        NO_STR
        DEBUG_STR
        BGP_STR
+       "BGP AS4 actions\n"
        "BGP AS4 aspath segment handling\n")
 {
   if (vty_get_node(vty) == CONFIG_NODE)
@@ -442,8 +443,8 @@ ALIAS (no_debug_bgp_as4_segment,
        undebug_bgp_as4_segment_cmd,
        "undebug bgp as4 segment",
        UNDEBUG_STR
-       DEBUG_STR
        BGP_STR
+       "BGP AS4 actions\n"
        "BGP AS4 aspath segment handling\n")
 
 DEFUN (debug_bgp_fsm,
@@ -485,7 +486,6 @@ ALIAS (no_debug_bgp_fsm,
        undebug_bgp_fsm_cmd,
        "undebug bgp fsm",
        UNDEBUG_STR
-       DEBUG_STR
        BGP_STR
        "Finite State Machine\n")
 
@@ -783,7 +783,6 @@ ALIAS (no_debug_bgp_zebra,
        undebug_bgp_zebra_cmd,
        "undebug bgp zebra",
        UNDEBUG_STR
-       DEBUG_STR
        BGP_STR
        "BGP Zebra messages\n")
 
diff --git a/bgpd/bgp_dump.c b/bgpd/bgp_dump.c
index 3bc318a5..d76b5699 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgp_dump.c
+++ b/bgpd/bgp_dump.c
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ bgp_dump_routes_func (int afi, int first_run, unsigned int seq)
           stream_putw(obuf, info->peer->table_dump_index);
 
           /* Originated */
-          stream_putl (obuf, info->uptime);
+          stream_putl (obuf, bgp_wall_clock(info->uptime));
 
           /* Dump attribute. */
           /* Skip prefix & AFI/SAFI for MP_NLRI */
diff --git a/bgpd/bgp_msg_read.c b/bgpd/bgp_msg_read.c
index ee86df25..5eef4d1f 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgp_msg_read.c
+++ b/bgpd/bgp_msg_read.c
@@ -1383,7 +1383,7 @@ bgp_msg_update_receive (bgp_connection connection, bgp_size_t body_size)
     } ;
 
   ++connection->session->stats.update_in ;
-  connection->session->stats.update_time = time(NULL) ;
+  connection->session->stats.update_time = bgp_clock() ;
 
   /* PRO TEM: pass raw update message across to Routing Engine          */
   /* TODO: decode update messages in the BGP Engine.                    */
diff --git a/bgpd/bgp_open.h b/bgpd/bgp_open.h
index 038c7c72..dd294eae 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgp_open.h
+++ b/bgpd/bgp_open.h
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ struct capability_header
 /* Generic MP capability data */
 struct capability_mp_data
 {
-  u_int16_t afi;
+  afi_t afi;
   u_char reserved;
-  u_char safi;
+  safi_t safi;
 };
 
 #pragma pack(1)
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ struct capability_as4
 
 struct graceful_restart_af
 {
-  u_int16_t afi;
-  u_char safi;
+  afi_t afi;
+  safi_t safi;
   u_char flag;
 };
 
diff --git a/bgpd/bgp_packet.c b/bgpd/bgp_packet.c
index 62d76c60..2cad6ab2 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgp_packet.c
+++ b/bgpd/bgp_packet.c
@@ -173,9 +173,10 @@ bgp_update_packet (struct peer *peer, afi_t afi, safi_t safi)
 
 	  if (rn->prn)
 	    prd = (struct prefix_rd *) &rn->prn->p;
-          if (binfo && binfo->extra)
+          if (binfo)
             {
-              tag = binfo->extra->tag;
+              if (binfo->extra)
+                tag = binfo->extra->tag;
               from = binfo->peer;
             }
 
@@ -1809,12 +1810,6 @@ bgp_notify_receive (struct peer *peer, bgp_size_t size)
       bgp_notify.subcode == BGP_NOTIFY_OPEN_UNSUP_PARAM )
     UNSET_FLAG (peer->sflags, PEER_STATUS_CAPABILITY_OPEN);
 
-  /* Also apply to Unsupported Capability until remote router support
-     capability. */
-  if (bgp_notify.code == BGP_NOTIFY_OPEN_ERR &&
-      bgp_notify.subcode == BGP_NOTIFY_OPEN_UNSUP_CAPBL)
-    UNSET_FLAG (peer->sflags, PEER_STATUS_CAPABILITY_OPEN);
-
   BGP_EVENT_ADD (peer, Receive_NOTIFICATION_message);
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/bgpd/bgp_peer.c b/bgpd/bgp_peer.c
index 3a1eb71f..787420f4 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgp_peer.c
+++ b/bgpd/bgp_peer.c
@@ -20,11 +20,10 @@
  * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
  * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  */
+#include <zebra.h>
 
 #include "bgpd/bgp_peer.h"
 
-#include <zebra.h>
-
 #include "bgpd/bgp_common.h"
 #include "bgpd/bgp_session.h"
 #include "bgpd/bgp_engine.h"
@@ -180,7 +179,6 @@ static void bgp_session_has_established(bgp_session session);
 static void bgp_session_has_stopped(bgp_session session,
                                                       bgp_notify notification) ;
 static void bgp_session_has_disabled(bgp_session session);
-static void bgp_uptime_reset (struct peer *peer);
 static void bgp_peer_stop (struct peer *peer, bool nsf) ;
 static void bgp_peer_reset_idle(struct peer *peer) ;
 static void bgp_peer_down_notify(bgp_peer peer, peer_down_t why_down,
@@ -394,7 +392,7 @@ bgp_session_has_established(bgp_session session)
           SET_FLAG (peer->af_sflags[afi][safi], PEER_STATUS_ORF_WAIT_REFRESH);
 
   /* Reset uptime, send current table.                          */
-  bgp_uptime_reset (peer);
+  peer->uptime = bgp_clock ();
 
   bgp_announce_route_all (peer);
 
@@ -512,7 +510,7 @@ bgp_peer_stop (struct peer *peer, bool nsf)
   bgp_peer_change_status(peer, bgp_peer_pClearing) ;
 
   peer->dropped++ ;
-  peer->resettime = time (NULL) ;
+  peer->resettime = bgp_clock () ;
 
   /* bgp log-neighbor-changes of neighbor Down                          */
   if (bgp_flag_check (peer->bgp, BGP_FLAG_LOG_NEIGHBOR_CHANGES))
@@ -543,7 +541,7 @@ bgp_peer_stop (struct peer *peer, bool nsf)
     } ;
 
   /* Reset uptime. */
-  bgp_uptime_reset (peer);
+  peer->uptime = bgp_clock ();
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SNMP
   bgpTrapBackwardTransition (peer);
@@ -788,10 +786,10 @@ bgp_peer_create (union sockunion *su, struct bgp *bgp, as_t local_as,
     peer->afc[afi][safi] = 1;
 
   /* Last read time set */
-  peer->readtime = time (NULL);
+  peer->readtime = bgp_clock ();
 
   /* Last reset time set */
-  peer->resettime = time (NULL);
+  peer->resettime = bgp_clock ();
 
   /* Default TTL set. */
   peer->ttl = (peer_sort (peer) == BGP_PEER_IBGP ? 255 : 1);
@@ -1699,7 +1697,7 @@ bgp_routeadv_timer (struct thread *thread)
           "%s [FSM] Timer (routeadv timer expire)",
           peer->host);
 
-  peer->synctime = time (NULL);
+  peer->synctime = bgp_clock ();
 
   bgp_write(peer, NULL);
 
@@ -1720,13 +1718,6 @@ bgp_routeadv_timer (struct thread *thread)
   return 0;
 }
 
-/* Reset bgp update timer */
-static void
-bgp_uptime_reset (struct peer *peer)
-{
-  peer->uptime = time (NULL);
-}
-
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * BGP Peer Down Causes mapped to strings
  */
diff --git a/bgpd/bgp_route.c b/bgpd/bgp_route.c
index 4d69badb..89bdef77 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgp_route.c
+++ b/bgpd/bgp_route.c
@@ -1244,19 +1244,6 @@ bgp_announce_check (struct bgp_info *ri, struct peer *peer, struct prefix *p,
 	}
     }
 
-  /* AS-Pathlimit check */
-  if (ri->attr->pathlimit.ttl && peer_sort (peer) == BGP_PEER_EBGP)
-    /* Our ASN has not yet been pre-pended, that's done in packet_attribute
-     * on output. Hence the test here is for >=.
-     */
-    if (aspath_count_hops (ri->attr->aspath) >= ri->attr->pathlimit.ttl)
-      {
-        if (BGP_DEBUG (filter, FILTER))
-          zlog_info ("%s [Update:SEND] suppressed, AS-Pathlimit TTL %u exceeded",
-                     peer->host, ri->attr->pathlimit.ttl);
-        return 0;
-      }
-
   /* For modify attribute, copy it to temporary structure. */
   bgp_attr_dup (attr, ri->attr);
 
@@ -1361,39 +1348,6 @@ bgp_announce_check (struct bgp_info *ri, struct peer *peer, struct prefix *p,
     }
 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
 
-  /* AS-Pathlimit: Check ASN for private/confed */
-  if (attr->pathlimit.ttl)
-    {
-      /* locally originated update */
-      if (!attr->pathlimit.as)
-        attr->pathlimit.as = peer->local_as;
-
-      /* if the AS_PATHLIMIT attribute is attached to a prefix by a
-         member of a confederation, then when the prefix is advertised outside
-         of the confederation boundary, then the AS number of the
-         confederation member inside of the AS_PATHLIMIT attribute should be
-         replaced by the confederation's AS number. */
-      if (peer_sort (from) == BGP_PEER_CONFED
-          && peer_sort (peer) != BGP_PEER_CONFED)
-        attr->pathlimit.as = peer->local_as;
-
-      /* Private ASN should be updated whenever announcement leaves
-       * private space. This is deliberately done after simple confed
-       * based update..
-       */
-      if (attr->pathlimit.as >= BGP_PRIVATE_AS_MIN
-          && attr->pathlimit.as <= BGP_PRIVATE_AS_MAX)
-        {
-          if (peer->local_as < BGP_PRIVATE_AS_MIN
-              || peer->local_as > BGP_PRIVATE_AS_MAX)
-            attr->pathlimit.as = peer->local_as;
-          /* Ours is private, try using theirs.. */
-          else if (peer->as < BGP_PRIVATE_AS_MIN
-                   || peer->local_as > BGP_PRIVATE_AS_MAX)
-            attr->pathlimit.as = peer->as;
-        }
-    }
-
   /* If this is EBGP peer and remove-private-AS is set.  */
   if (peer_sort (peer) == BGP_PEER_EBGP
       && peer_af_flag_check (peer, afi, safi, PEER_FLAG_REMOVE_PRIVATE_AS)
@@ -2399,7 +2353,7 @@ bgp_update_rsclient (struct peer *rsclient, struct rs_route* rt)
   /* If the update is implicit withdraw. */
   if (ri)
     {
-      ri->uptime = time (NULL);
+      ri->uptime = bgp_clock ();
 
       /* Same attribute comes in. */
       if (!CHECK_FLAG(ri->flags, BGP_INFO_REMOVED)
@@ -2441,7 +2395,7 @@ bgp_update_rsclient (struct peer *rsclient, struct rs_route* rt)
       ri->type     = rt->type;
       ri->sub_type = rt->sub_type;
       ri->peer     = rt->peer;
-      ri->uptime   = time (NULL);
+      ri->uptime   = bgp_clock ();
 
       /* Register new BGP information.                          */
       bgp_info_add (rn, ri);
@@ -2643,7 +2597,7 @@ bgp_update_main (struct peer *peer, struct prefix *p, struct attr *attr,
   /* If the update is implicit withdraw. */
   if (ri)
     {
-      ri->uptime = time (NULL);
+      ri->uptime = bgp_clock ();
 
       /* Same attribute comes in. */
       if (!CHECK_FLAG (ri->flags, BGP_INFO_REMOVED)
@@ -2793,7 +2747,7 @@ bgp_update_main (struct peer *peer, struct prefix *p, struct attr *attr,
   new->sub_type = sub_type;
   new->peer = peer;
   new->attr = use_attr;
-  new->uptime = time (NULL);
+  new->uptime = bgp_clock ();
 
   /* Update MPLS tag. */
   if (safi == SAFI_MPLS_VPN)
@@ -3994,14 +3948,6 @@ bgp_static_update_rsclient (struct peer *rsclient, struct prefix *p,
   static_attr->med     = bgp_static->igpmetric;
   static_attr->flag   |= ATTR_FLAG_BIT (BGP_ATTR_MULTI_EXIT_DISC);
 
-  if (bgp_static->ttl)
-    {
-      static_attr->flag         |= ATTR_FLAG_BIT (BGP_ATTR_AS_PATHLIMIT);
-      static_attr->flag         |= ATTR_FLAG_BIT (BGP_ATTR_ATOMIC_AGGREGATE);
-      static_attr->pathlimit.as  = 0;
-      static_attr->pathlimit.ttl = bgp_static->ttl;
-    }
-
   if (bgp_static->atomic)
     static_attr->flag |= ATTR_FLAG_BIT (BGP_ATTR_ATOMIC_AGGREGATE);
 
@@ -4108,7 +4054,7 @@ bgp_static_update_rsclient (struct peer *rsclient, struct prefix *p,
 
           bgp_attr_unintern (ri->attr);
           ri->attr = client_attr ;
-          ri->uptime = time (NULL);
+          ri->uptime = bgp_clock ();
 
           /* Process change.                            */
           bgp_process (bgp, rn, afi, safi);
@@ -4124,7 +4070,7 @@ bgp_static_update_rsclient (struct peer *rsclient, struct prefix *p,
   ri->sub_type = rt_s.sub_type ;
   ri->peer     = rt_s.peer ;
   ri->attr     = client_attr ;
-  ri->uptime   = time (NULL);
+  ri->uptime   = bgp_clock ();
 
   SET_FLAG (ri->flags, BGP_INFO_VALID);
 
@@ -4160,14 +4106,6 @@ bgp_static_update_main (struct bgp *bgp, struct prefix *p,
   attr.med = bgp_static->igpmetric;
   attr.flag |= ATTR_FLAG_BIT (BGP_ATTR_MULTI_EXIT_DISC);
 
-  if (bgp_static->ttl)
-    {
-      attr.flag |= ATTR_FLAG_BIT (BGP_ATTR_AS_PATHLIMIT);
-      attr.flag |= ATTR_FLAG_BIT (BGP_ATTR_ATOMIC_AGGREGATE);
-      attr.pathlimit.as = 0;
-      attr.pathlimit.ttl = bgp_static->ttl;
-    }
-
   if (bgp_static->atomic)
     attr.flag |= ATTR_FLAG_BIT (BGP_ATTR_ATOMIC_AGGREGATE);
 
@@ -4231,7 +4169,7 @@ bgp_static_update_main (struct bgp *bgp, struct prefix *p,
 	    bgp_aggregate_decrement (bgp, p, ri, afi, safi);
 	  bgp_attr_unintern (ri->attr);
 	  ri->attr = attr_new;
-	  ri->uptime = time (NULL);
+	  ri->uptime = bgp_clock ();
 
 	  /* Process change. */
 	  bgp_aggregate_increment (bgp, p, ri, afi, safi);
@@ -4250,7 +4188,7 @@ bgp_static_update_main (struct bgp *bgp, struct prefix *p,
   new->peer = bgp->peer_self;
   SET_FLAG (new->flags, BGP_INFO_VALID);
   new->attr = attr_new;
-  new->uptime = time (NULL);
+  new->uptime = bgp_clock ();
 
   /* Aggregate address increment. */
   bgp_aggregate_increment (bgp, p, new, afi, safi);
@@ -4301,7 +4239,7 @@ bgp_static_update_vpnv4 (struct bgp *bgp, struct prefix *p, u_int16_t afi,
   new->peer = bgp->peer_self;
   new->attr = bgp_attr_default_intern (BGP_ORIGIN_IGP);
   SET_FLAG (new->flags, BGP_INFO_VALID);
-  new->uptime = time (NULL);
+  new->uptime = bgp_clock ();
   new->extra = bgp_info_extra_new();
   memcpy (new->extra->tag, tag, 3);
 
@@ -4367,8 +4305,8 @@ bgp_check_local_routes_rsclient (struct peer *rsclient, afi_t afi, safi_t safi)
 }
 
 static void
-bgp_static_withdraw_vpnv4 (struct bgp *bgp, struct prefix *p, u_int16_t afi,
-			   u_char safi, struct prefix_rd *prd, u_char *tag)
+bgp_static_withdraw_vpnv4 (struct bgp *bgp, struct prefix *p, afi_t afi,
+			   safi_t safi, struct prefix_rd *prd, u_char *tag)
 {
   struct bgp_node *rn;
   struct bgp_info *ri;
@@ -4394,44 +4332,17 @@ bgp_static_withdraw_vpnv4 (struct bgp *bgp, struct prefix *p, u_int16_t afi,
   bgp_unlock_node (rn);
 }
 
-static void
-bgp_pathlimit_update_parents (struct bgp *bgp, struct bgp_node *rn,
-                              int ttl_edge)
-{
-  struct bgp_node *parent = rn;
-  struct bgp_static *sp;
-
-  /* Existing static changed TTL, search parents and adjust their atomic */
-  while ((parent = parent->parent))
-    if ((sp = parent->info))
-      {
-        int sp_level = (sp->atomic ? 1 : 0);
-        ttl_edge ? sp->atomic++ : sp->atomic--;
-
-        /* did we change state of parent whether atomic is set or not? */
-        if (sp_level != (sp->atomic ? 1 : 0))
-          {
-            bgp_static_update (bgp, &parent->p, sp,
-                               rn->table->afi, rn->table->safi);
-          }
-      }
-}
-
 /* Configure static BGP network.  When user don't run zebra, static
    route should be installed as valid.  */
 static int
 bgp_static_set (struct vty *vty, struct bgp *bgp, const char *ip_str,
-                u_int16_t afi, u_char safi, const char *rmap, int backdoor,
-                u_char ttl)
+                afi_t afi, safi_t safi, const char *rmap, int backdoor)
 {
   int ret;
   struct prefix p;
   struct bgp_static *bgp_static;
   struct bgp_node *rn;
   u_char need_update = 0;
-  u_char ttl_change = 0;
-  u_char ttl_edge = (ttl ? 1 : 0);
-  u_char new = 0;
 
   /* Convert IP prefix string to struct prefix. */
   ret = str2prefix (ip_str, &p);
@@ -4460,21 +4371,10 @@ bgp_static_set (struct vty *vty, struct bgp *bgp, const char *ip_str,
       bgp_static = rn->info;
 
       /* Check previous routes are installed into BGP.  */
-      if (bgp_static->valid)
-        {
-          if (bgp_static->backdoor != backdoor
-              || bgp_static->ttl != ttl)
-            need_update = 1;
-        }
-
-      /* need to catch TTL set/unset transitions for handling of
-       * ATOMIC_AGGREGATE
-       */
-      if ((bgp_static->ttl ? 1 : 0) != ttl_edge)
-        ttl_change = 1;
+      if (bgp_static->valid && (bgp_static->backdoor != backdoor))
+        need_update = 1;
 
       bgp_static->backdoor = backdoor;
-      bgp_static->ttl = ttl;
 
       if (rmap)
 	{
@@ -4501,9 +4401,6 @@ bgp_static_set (struct vty *vty, struct bgp *bgp, const char *ip_str,
       bgp_static->valid = 0;
       bgp_static->igpmetric = 0;
       bgp_static->igpnexthop.s_addr = 0;
-      bgp_static->ttl = ttl;
-      ttl_change = ttl_edge;
-      new = 1;
 
       if (rmap)
 	{
@@ -4515,39 +4412,6 @@ bgp_static_set (struct vty *vty, struct bgp *bgp, const char *ip_str,
       rn->info = bgp_static;
     }
 
-  /* ".. sites that choose to advertise the
-   *  AS_PATHLIMIT path attribute SHOULD advertise the ATOMIC_AGGREGATE on
-   *  all less specific covering prefixes as well as the more specific
-   *  prefixes."
-   *
-   * So:
-   * Prefix that has just had pathlimit set/unset:
-   * - Must bump ATOMIC refcount on all parents.
-   *
-   * To catch less specific prefixes:
-   * - Must search children for ones with TTL, bump atomic refcount
-   *   (we dont care if we're deleting a less specific prefix..)
-   */
-  if (ttl_change)
-    {
-      /* Existing static changed TTL, search parents and adjust their atomic */
-      bgp_pathlimit_update_parents (bgp, rn, ttl_edge);
-    }
-
-  if (new)
-    {
-      struct bgp_node *child;
-      struct bgp_static *sc;
-
-      /* New static, search children and bump this statics atomic.. */
-      child = bgp_lock_node (rn); /* route_next_until unlocks it.. */
-      while ((child = bgp_route_next_until (child, rn)))
-        {
-          if ((sc = child->info) && sc->ttl)
-            bgp_static->atomic++;
-        }
-    }
-
   /* If BGP scan is not enabled, we should install this route here.  */
   if (! bgp_flag_check (bgp, BGP_FLAG_IMPORT_CHECK))
     {
@@ -4566,7 +4430,7 @@ bgp_static_set (struct vty *vty, struct bgp *bgp, const char *ip_str,
 /* Configure static BGP network. */
 static int
 bgp_static_unset (struct vty *vty, struct bgp *bgp, const char *ip_str,
-		  u_int16_t afi, u_char safi)
+		  afi_t afi, safi_t safi)
 {
   int ret;
   struct prefix p;
@@ -4601,9 +4465,6 @@ bgp_static_unset (struct vty *vty, struct bgp *bgp, const char *ip_str,
 
   bgp_static = rn->info;
 
-  /* decrement atomic in parents, see bgp_static_set */
-  bgp_pathlimit_update_parents (bgp, rn, 0);
-
   /* Update BGP RIB. */
   if (! bgp_static->backdoor)
     bgp_static_withdraw (bgp, &p, afi, safi);
@@ -4800,23 +4661,10 @@ DEFUN (bgp_network,
        "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
        "IP prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 35.0.0.0/8\n")
 {
-  u_char ttl = 0;
-
-  if (argc == 2)
-    VTY_GET_INTEGER_RANGE ("Pathlimit TTL", ttl, argv[1], 1, 255);
-
-  return bgp_static_set (vty, vty->index, argv[0],
-			 AFI_IP, bgp_node_safi (vty), NULL, 0, ttl);
+ return bgp_static_set (vty, vty->index, argv[0],
+			 AFI_IP, bgp_node_safi (vty), NULL, 0);
 }
 
-ALIAS (bgp_network,
-       bgp_network_ttl_cmd,
-       "network A.B.C.D/M pathlimit <0-255>",
-       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
-       "IP prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 35.0.0.0/8\n"
-       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
-       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
-
 DEFUN (bgp_network_route_map,
        bgp_network_route_map_cmd,
        "network A.B.C.D/M route-map WORD",
@@ -4826,7 +4674,7 @@ DEFUN (bgp_network_route_map,
        "Name of the route map\n")
 {
   return bgp_static_set (vty, vty->index, argv[0],
-			 AFI_IP, bgp_node_safi (vty), argv[1], 0, 0);
+			 AFI_IP, bgp_node_safi (vty), argv[1], 0);
 }
 
 DEFUN (bgp_network_backdoor,
@@ -4836,24 +4684,10 @@ DEFUN (bgp_network_backdoor,
        "IP prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 35.0.0.0/8\n"
        "Specify a BGP backdoor route\n")
 {
-  u_char ttl = 0;
-
-  if (argc == 2)
-    VTY_GET_INTEGER_RANGE ("Pathlimit TTL", ttl, argv[1], 1, 255);
-
   return bgp_static_set (vty, vty->index, argv[0], AFI_IP, SAFI_UNICAST,
-                         NULL, 1, ttl);
+                         NULL, 1);
 }
 
-ALIAS (bgp_network_backdoor,
-       bgp_network_backdoor_ttl_cmd,
-       "network A.B.C.D/M backdoor pathlimit <0-255>",
-       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
-       "IP prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 35.0.0.0/8\n"
-       "Specify a BGP backdoor route\n"
-       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
-       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
-
 DEFUN (bgp_network_mask,
        bgp_network_mask_cmd,
        "network A.B.C.D mask A.B.C.D",
@@ -4864,10 +4698,6 @@ DEFUN (bgp_network_mask,
 {
   int ret;
   char prefix_str[BUFSIZ];
-  u_char ttl = 0;
-
-  if (argc == 3)
-    VTY_GET_INTEGER_RANGE ("Pathlimit TTL", ttl, argv[2], 1, 255);
 
   ret = netmask_str2prefix_str (argv[0], argv[1], prefix_str);
   if (! ret)
@@ -4877,19 +4707,9 @@ DEFUN (bgp_network_mask,
     }
 
   return bgp_static_set (vty, vty->index, prefix_str,
-			 AFI_IP, bgp_node_safi (vty), NULL, 0, ttl);
+			 AFI_IP, bgp_node_safi (vty), NULL, 0);
 }
 
-ALIAS (bgp_network_mask,
-       bgp_network_mask_ttl_cmd,
-       "network A.B.C.D mask A.B.C.D pathlimit <0-255>",
-       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
-       "Network number\n"
-       "Network mask\n"
-       "Network mask\n"
-       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
-       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
-
 DEFUN (bgp_network_mask_route_map,
        bgp_network_mask_route_map_cmd,
        "network A.B.C.D mask A.B.C.D route-map WORD",
@@ -4911,7 +4731,7 @@ DEFUN (bgp_network_mask_route_map,
     }
 
   return bgp_static_set (vty, vty->index, prefix_str,
-			 AFI_IP, bgp_node_safi (vty), argv[2], 0, 0);
+			 AFI_IP, bgp_node_safi (vty), argv[2], 0);
 }
 
 DEFUN (bgp_network_mask_backdoor,
@@ -4925,10 +4745,6 @@ DEFUN (bgp_network_mask_backdoor,
 {
   int ret;
   char prefix_str[BUFSIZ];
-  u_char ttl = 0;
-
-  if (argc == 3)
-    VTY_GET_INTEGER_RANGE ("Pathlimit TTL", ttl, argv[2], 1, 255);
 
   ret = netmask_str2prefix_str (argv[0], argv[1], prefix_str);
   if (! ret)
@@ -4938,20 +4754,9 @@ DEFUN (bgp_network_mask_backdoor,
     }
 
   return bgp_static_set (vty, vty->index, prefix_str, AFI_IP, SAFI_UNICAST,
-                         NULL, 1, ttl);
+                         NULL, 1);
 }
 
-ALIAS (bgp_network_mask_backdoor,
-       bgp_network_mask_backdoor_ttl_cmd,
-       "network A.B.C.D mask A.B.C.D backdoor pathlimit <0-255>",
-       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
-       "Network number\n"
-       "Network mask\n"
-       "Network mask\n"
-       "Specify a BGP backdoor route\n"
-       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
-       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
-
 DEFUN (bgp_network_mask_natural,
        bgp_network_mask_natural_cmd,
        "network A.B.C.D",
@@ -4960,10 +4765,6 @@ DEFUN (bgp_network_mask_natural,
 {
   int ret;
   char prefix_str[BUFSIZ];
-  u_char ttl = 0;
-
-  if (argc == 2)
-    VTY_GET_INTEGER_RANGE ("Pathlimit TTL", ttl, argv[1], 1, 255);
 
   ret = netmask_str2prefix_str (argv[0], NULL, prefix_str);
   if (! ret)
@@ -4973,17 +4774,9 @@ DEFUN (bgp_network_mask_natural,
     }
 
   return bgp_static_set (vty, vty->index, prefix_str,
-			 AFI_IP, bgp_node_safi (vty), NULL, 0, ttl);
+			 AFI_IP, bgp_node_safi (vty), NULL, 0);
 }
 
-ALIAS (bgp_network_mask_natural,
-       bgp_network_mask_natural_ttl_cmd,
-       "network A.B.C.D pathlimit <0-255>",
-       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
-       "Network number\n"
-       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
-       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
-
 DEFUN (bgp_network_mask_natural_route_map,
        bgp_network_mask_natural_route_map_cmd,
        "network A.B.C.D route-map WORD",
@@ -5003,7 +4796,7 @@ DEFUN (bgp_network_mask_natural_route_map,
     }
 
   return bgp_static_set (vty, vty->index, prefix_str,
-			 AFI_IP, bgp_node_safi (vty), argv[1], 0, 0);
+			 AFI_IP, bgp_node_safi (vty), argv[1], 0);
 }
 
 DEFUN (bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor,
@@ -5015,10 +4808,6 @@ DEFUN (bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor,
 {
   int ret;
   char prefix_str[BUFSIZ];
-  u_char ttl = 0;
-
-  if (argc == 2)
-    VTY_GET_INTEGER_RANGE ("Pathlimit TTL", ttl, argv[1], 1, 255);
 
   ret = netmask_str2prefix_str (argv[0], NULL, prefix_str);
   if (! ret)
@@ -5028,18 +4817,9 @@ DEFUN (bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor,
     }
 
   return bgp_static_set (vty, vty->index, prefix_str, AFI_IP, SAFI_UNICAST,
-                         NULL, 1, ttl);
+                         NULL, 1);
 }
 
-ALIAS (bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor,
-       bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_ttl_cmd,
-       "network A.B.C.D backdoor pathlimit (1-255>",
-       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
-       "Network number\n"
-       "Specify a BGP backdoor route\n"
-       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
-       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
-
 DEFUN (no_bgp_network,
        no_bgp_network_cmd,
        "no network A.B.C.D/M",
@@ -5052,15 +4832,6 @@ DEFUN (no_bgp_network,
 }
 
 ALIAS (no_bgp_network,
-       no_bgp_network_ttl_cmd,
-       "no network A.B.C.D/M pathlimit <0-255>",
-       NO_STR
-       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
-       "IP prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 35.0.0.0/8\n"
-       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
-       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
-
-ALIAS (no_bgp_network,
        no_bgp_network_route_map_cmd,
        "no network A.B.C.D/M route-map WORD",
        NO_STR
@@ -5077,16 +4848,6 @@ ALIAS (no_bgp_network,
        "IP prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 35.0.0.0/8\n"
        "Specify a BGP backdoor route\n")
 
-ALIAS (no_bgp_network,
-       no_bgp_network_backdoor_ttl_cmd,
-       "no network A.B.C.D/M backdoor pathlimit <0-255>",
-       NO_STR
-       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
-       "IP prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 35.0.0.0/8\n"
-       "Specify a BGP backdoor route\n"
-       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
-       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
-
 DEFUN (no_bgp_network_mask,
        no_bgp_network_mask_cmd,
        "no network A.B.C.D mask A.B.C.D",
@@ -5110,17 +4871,6 @@ DEFUN (no_bgp_network_mask,
 			   bgp_node_safi (vty));
 }
 
-ALIAS (no_bgp_network,
-       no_bgp_network_mask_ttl_cmd,
-       "no network A.B.C.D mask A.B.C.D pathlimit <0-255>",
-       NO_STR
-       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
-       "Network number\n"
-       "Network mask\n"
-       "Network mask\n"
-       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
-       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
-
 ALIAS (no_bgp_network_mask,
        no_bgp_network_mask_route_map_cmd,
        "no network A.B.C.D mask A.B.C.D route-map WORD",
@@ -5142,18 +4892,6 @@ ALIAS (no_bgp_network_mask,
        "Network mask\n"
        "Specify a BGP backdoor route\n")
 
-ALIAS (no_bgp_network_mask,
-       no_bgp_network_mask_backdoor_ttl_cmd,
-       "no network A.B.C.D mask A.B.C.D  backdoor pathlimit <0-255>",
-       NO_STR
-       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
-       "Network number\n"
-       "Network mask\n"
-       "Network mask\n"
-       "Specify a BGP backdoor route\n"
-       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
-       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
-
 DEFUN (no_bgp_network_mask_natural,
        no_bgp_network_mask_natural_cmd,
        "no network A.B.C.D",
@@ -5192,25 +4930,6 @@ ALIAS (no_bgp_network_mask_natural,
        "Network number\n"
        "Specify a BGP backdoor route\n")
 
-ALIAS (no_bgp_network_mask_natural,
-       no_bgp_network_mask_natural_ttl_cmd,
-       "no network A.B.C.D pathlimit <0-255>",
-       NO_STR
-       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
-       "Network number\n"
-       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
-       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
-
-ALIAS (no_bgp_network_mask_natural,
-       no_bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_ttl_cmd,
-       "no network A.B.C.D backdoor pathlimit <0-255>",
-       NO_STR
-       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
-       "Network number\n"
-       "Specify a BGP backdoor route\n"
-       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
-       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
-
 #ifdef HAVE_IPV6
 DEFUN (ipv6_bgp_network,
        ipv6_bgp_network_cmd,
@@ -5218,23 +4937,10 @@ DEFUN (ipv6_bgp_network,
        "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
        "IPv6 prefix <network>/<length>\n")
 {
-  u_char ttl = 0;
-
-  if (argc == 2)
-    VTY_GET_INTEGER_RANGE ("Pathlimit TTL", ttl, argv[1], 1, 255);
-
   return bgp_static_set (vty, vty->index, argv[0], AFI_IP6, SAFI_UNICAST,
-                         NULL, 0, ttl);
+                         NULL, 0);
 }
 
-ALIAS (ipv6_bgp_network,
-       ipv6_bgp_network_ttl_cmd,
-       "network X:X::X:X/M pathlimit <0-255>",
-       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
-       "IPv6 prefix <network>/<length>\n"
-       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
-       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
-
 DEFUN (ipv6_bgp_network_route_map,
        ipv6_bgp_network_route_map_cmd,
        "network X:X::X:X/M route-map WORD",
@@ -5244,7 +4950,7 @@ DEFUN (ipv6_bgp_network_route_map,
        "Name of the route map\n")
 {
   return bgp_static_set (vty, vty->index, argv[0], AFI_IP6,
-			 bgp_node_safi (vty), argv[1], 0, 0);
+			 bgp_node_safi (vty), argv[1], 0);
 }
 
 DEFUN (no_ipv6_bgp_network,
@@ -5266,15 +4972,6 @@ ALIAS (no_ipv6_bgp_network,
        "Route-map to modify the attributes\n"
        "Name of the route map\n")
 
-ALIAS (no_ipv6_bgp_network,
-       no_ipv6_bgp_network_ttl_cmd,
-       "no network X:X::X:X/M pathlimit <0-255>",
-       NO_STR
-       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
-       "IPv6 prefix <network>/<length>\n"
-       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
-       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
-
 ALIAS (ipv6_bgp_network,
        old_ipv6_bgp_network_cmd,
        "ipv6 bgp network X:X::X:X/M",
@@ -5293,7 +4990,143 @@ ALIAS (no_ipv6_bgp_network,
        "IPv6 prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 3ffe::/16\n")
 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
 
-/* Aggreagete address:
+/* stubs for removed AS-Pathlimit commands, kept for config compatibility */
+ALIAS_DEPRECATED (bgp_network,
+       bgp_network_ttl_cmd,
+       "network A.B.C.D/M pathlimit <0-255>",
+       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
+       "IP prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 35.0.0.0/8\n"
+       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
+       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
+
+ALIAS_DEPRECATED (bgp_network_backdoor,
+       bgp_network_backdoor_ttl_cmd,
+       "network A.B.C.D/M backdoor pathlimit <0-255>",
+       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
+       "IP prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 35.0.0.0/8\n"
+       "Specify a BGP backdoor route\n"
+       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
+       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
+
+ALIAS_DEPRECATED (bgp_network_mask,
+       bgp_network_mask_ttl_cmd,
+       "network A.B.C.D mask A.B.C.D pathlimit <0-255>",
+       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
+       "Network number\n"
+       "Network mask\n"
+       "Network mask\n"
+       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
+       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
+
+ALIAS_DEPRECATED (bgp_network_mask_backdoor,
+       bgp_network_mask_backdoor_ttl_cmd,
+       "network A.B.C.D mask A.B.C.D backdoor pathlimit <0-255>",
+       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
+       "Network number\n"
+       "Network mask\n"
+       "Network mask\n"
+       "Specify a BGP backdoor route\n"
+       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
+       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
+
+ALIAS_DEPRECATED (bgp_network_mask_natural,
+       bgp_network_mask_natural_ttl_cmd,
+       "network A.B.C.D pathlimit <0-255>",
+       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
+       "Network number\n"
+       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
+       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
+
+ALIAS_DEPRECATED (bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor,
+       bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_ttl_cmd,
+       "network A.B.C.D backdoor pathlimit (1-255>",
+       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
+       "Network number\n"
+       "Specify a BGP backdoor route\n"
+       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
+       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
+
+ALIAS_DEPRECATED (no_bgp_network,
+       no_bgp_network_ttl_cmd,
+       "no network A.B.C.D/M pathlimit <0-255>",
+       NO_STR
+       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
+       "IP prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 35.0.0.0/8\n"
+       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
+       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
+
+ALIAS_DEPRECATED (no_bgp_network,
+       no_bgp_network_backdoor_ttl_cmd,
+       "no network A.B.C.D/M backdoor pathlimit <0-255>",
+       NO_STR
+       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
+       "IP prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 35.0.0.0/8\n"
+       "Specify a BGP backdoor route\n"
+       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
+       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
+
+ALIAS_DEPRECATED (no_bgp_network,
+       no_bgp_network_mask_ttl_cmd,
+       "no network A.B.C.D mask A.B.C.D pathlimit <0-255>",
+       NO_STR
+       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
+       "Network number\n"
+       "Network mask\n"
+       "Network mask\n"
+       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
+       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
+
+ALIAS_DEPRECATED (no_bgp_network_mask,
+       no_bgp_network_mask_backdoor_ttl_cmd,
+       "no network A.B.C.D mask A.B.C.D  backdoor pathlimit <0-255>",
+       NO_STR
+       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
+       "Network number\n"
+       "Network mask\n"
+       "Network mask\n"
+       "Specify a BGP backdoor route\n"
+       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
+       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
+
+ALIAS_DEPRECATED (no_bgp_network_mask_natural,
+       no_bgp_network_mask_natural_ttl_cmd,
+       "no network A.B.C.D pathlimit <0-255>",
+       NO_STR
+       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
+       "Network number\n"
+       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
+       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
+
+ALIAS_DEPRECATED (no_bgp_network_mask_natural,
+       no_bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_ttl_cmd,
+       "no network A.B.C.D backdoor pathlimit <0-255>",
+       NO_STR
+       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
+       "Network number\n"
+       "Specify a BGP backdoor route\n"
+       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
+       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
+
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+ALIAS_DEPRECATED (ipv6_bgp_network,
+       ipv6_bgp_network_ttl_cmd,
+       "network X:X::X:X/M pathlimit <0-255>",
+       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
+       "IPv6 prefix <network>/<length>\n"
+       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
+       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
+
+ALIAS_DEPRECATED (no_ipv6_bgp_network,
+       no_ipv6_bgp_network_ttl_cmd,
+       "no network X:X::X:X/M pathlimit <0-255>",
+       NO_STR
+       "Specify a network to announce via BGP\n"
+       "IPv6 prefix <network>/<length>\n"
+       "AS-Path hopcount limit attribute\n"
+       "AS-Pathlimit TTL, in number of AS-Path hops\n")
+#endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
+
+/* Aggregate address:
 
   advertise-map  Set condition to advertise attribute
   as-set         Generate AS set path information
@@ -5497,7 +5330,7 @@ bgp_aggregate_route (struct bgp *bgp, struct prefix *p, struct bgp_info *rinew,
       new->peer = bgp->peer_self;
       SET_FLAG (new->flags, BGP_INFO_VALID);
       new->attr = bgp_attr_aggregate_intern (bgp, origin, aspath, community, aggregate->as_set);
-      new->uptime = time (NULL);
+      new->uptime = bgp_clock ();
 
       bgp_info_add (rn, new);
       bgp_unlock_node (rn);
@@ -5668,7 +5501,7 @@ bgp_aggregate_add (struct bgp *bgp, struct prefix *p, afi_t afi, safi_t safi,
       new->peer = bgp->peer_self;
       SET_FLAG (new->flags, BGP_INFO_VALID);
       new->attr = bgp_attr_aggregate_intern (bgp, origin, aspath, community, aggregate->as_set);
-      new->uptime = time (NULL);
+      new->uptime = bgp_clock ();
 
       bgp_info_add (rn, new);
       bgp_unlock_node (rn);
@@ -5754,9 +5587,8 @@ bgp_aggregate_delete (struct bgp *bgp, struct prefix *p, afi_t afi,
 #define AGGREGATE_AS_SET       1
 
 static int
-bgp_aggregate_set (struct vty *vty, const char *prefix_str,
-                   afi_t afi, safi_t safi,
-		   u_char summary_only, u_char as_set)
+bgp_aggregate_unset (struct vty *vty, const char *prefix_str,
+                     afi_t afi, safi_t safi)
 {
   int ret;
   struct prefix p;
@@ -5777,34 +5609,33 @@ bgp_aggregate_set (struct vty *vty, const char *prefix_str,
   bgp = vty->index;
 
   /* Old configuration check. */
-  rn = bgp_node_get (bgp->aggregate[afi][safi], &p);
-
-  if (rn->info)
+  rn = bgp_node_lookup (bgp->aggregate[afi][safi], &p);
+  if (! rn)
     {
-      vty_out (vty, "There is already same aggregate network.%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
-      bgp_unlock_node (rn);
+      vty_out (vty, "%% There is no aggregate-address configuration.%s",
+               VTY_NEWLINE);
       return CMD_WARNING;
     }
 
-  /* Make aggregate address structure. */
-  aggregate = bgp_aggregate_new ();
-  aggregate->summary_only = summary_only;
-  aggregate->as_set = as_set;
-  aggregate->safi = safi;
-  rn->info = aggregate;
+  aggregate = rn->info;
+  if (aggregate->safi & SAFI_UNICAST)
+    bgp_aggregate_delete (bgp, &p, afi, SAFI_UNICAST, aggregate);
+  if (aggregate->safi & SAFI_MULTICAST)
+    bgp_aggregate_delete (bgp, &p, afi, SAFI_MULTICAST, aggregate);
 
-  /* Aggregate address insert into BGP routing table. */
-  if (safi & SAFI_UNICAST)
-    bgp_aggregate_add (bgp, &p, afi, SAFI_UNICAST, aggregate);
-  if (safi & SAFI_MULTICAST)
-    bgp_aggregate_add (bgp, &p, afi, SAFI_MULTICAST, aggregate);
+  /* Unlock aggregate address configuration. */
+  rn->info = NULL;
+  bgp_aggregate_free (aggregate);
+  bgp_unlock_node (rn);
+  bgp_unlock_node (rn);
 
   return CMD_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 static int
-bgp_aggregate_unset (struct vty *vty, const char *prefix_str,
-                     afi_t afi, safi_t safi)
+bgp_aggregate_set (struct vty *vty, const char *prefix_str,
+                   afi_t afi, safi_t safi,
+		   u_char summary_only, u_char as_set)
 {
   int ret;
   struct prefix p;
@@ -5825,25 +5656,33 @@ bgp_aggregate_unset (struct vty *vty, const char *prefix_str,
   bgp = vty->index;
 
   /* Old configuration check. */
-  rn = bgp_node_lookup (bgp->aggregate[afi][safi], &p);
-  if (! rn)
+  rn = bgp_node_get (bgp->aggregate[afi][safi], &p);
+
+  if (rn->info)
     {
-      vty_out (vty, "%% There is no aggregate-address configuration.%s",
-	       VTY_NEWLINE);
-      return CMD_WARNING;
+      vty_out (vty, "There is already same aggregate network.%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
+      /* try to remove the old entry */
+      ret = bgp_aggregate_unset (vty, prefix_str, afi, safi);
+      if (ret)
+        {
+          vty_out (vty, "Error deleting aggregate.%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
+	  bgp_unlock_node (rn);
+          return CMD_WARNING;
+        }
     }
 
-  aggregate = rn->info;
-  if (aggregate->safi & SAFI_UNICAST)
-    bgp_aggregate_delete (bgp, &p, afi, SAFI_UNICAST, aggregate);
-  if (aggregate->safi & SAFI_MULTICAST)
-    bgp_aggregate_delete (bgp, &p, afi, SAFI_MULTICAST, aggregate);
+  /* Make aggregate address structure. */
+  aggregate = bgp_aggregate_new ();
+  aggregate->summary_only = summary_only;
+  aggregate->as_set = as_set;
+  aggregate->safi = safi;
+  rn->info = aggregate;
 
-  /* Unlock aggregate address configuration. */
-  rn->info = NULL;
-  bgp_aggregate_free (aggregate);
-  bgp_unlock_node (rn);
-  bgp_unlock_node (rn);
+  /* Aggregate address insert into BGP routing table. */
+  if (safi & SAFI_UNICAST)
+    bgp_aggregate_add (bgp, &p, afi, SAFI_UNICAST, aggregate);
+  if (safi & SAFI_MULTICAST)
+    bgp_aggregate_add (bgp, &p, afi, SAFI_MULTICAST, aggregate);
 
   return CMD_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -6283,7 +6122,7 @@ bgp_redistribute_add (struct prefix *p, struct in_addr *nexthop,
 		    bgp_aggregate_decrement (bgp, p, bi, afi, SAFI_UNICAST);
  		  bgp_attr_unintern (bi->attr);
  		  bi->attr = new_attr;
- 		  bi->uptime = time (NULL);
+ 		  bi->uptime = bgp_clock ();
 
  		  /* Process change. */
  		  bgp_aggregate_increment (bgp, p, bi, afi, SAFI_UNICAST);
@@ -6301,7 +6140,7 @@ bgp_redistribute_add (struct prefix *p, struct in_addr *nexthop,
 	  new->peer = bgp->peer_self;
 	  SET_FLAG (new->flags, BGP_INFO_VALID);
 	  new->attr = new_attr;
-	  new->uptime = time (NULL);
+	  new->uptime = bgp_clock ();
 
 	  bgp_aggregate_increment (bgp, p, new, afi, SAFI_UNICAST);
 	  bgp_info_add (bn, new);
@@ -6492,12 +6331,12 @@ route_vty_out (struct vty *vty, struct prefix *p,
 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
 
       if (attr->flag & ATTR_FLAG_BIT (BGP_ATTR_MULTI_EXIT_DISC))
-	vty_out (vty, "%10d", attr->med);
+	vty_out (vty, "%10u", attr->med);
       else
 	vty_out (vty, "          ");
 
       if (attr->flag & ATTR_FLAG_BIT (BGP_ATTR_LOCAL_PREF))
-	vty_out (vty, "%7d", attr->local_pref);
+	vty_out (vty, "%7u", attr->local_pref);
       else
 	vty_out (vty, "       ");
 
@@ -6557,16 +6396,16 @@ route_vty_out_tmp (struct vty *vty, struct prefix *p,
 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
 
       if (attr->flag & ATTR_FLAG_BIT (BGP_ATTR_MULTI_EXIT_DISC))
-	vty_out (vty, "%10d", attr->med);
+	vty_out (vty, "%10u", attr->med);
       else
 	vty_out (vty, "          ");
 
       if (attr->flag & ATTR_FLAG_BIT (BGP_ATTR_LOCAL_PREF))
-	vty_out (vty, "%7d", attr->local_pref);
+	vty_out (vty, "%7u", attr->local_pref);
       else
 	vty_out (vty, "       ");
 
-      vty_out (vty, "%7d ", (attr->extra ? attr->extra->weight : 0));
+      vty_out (vty, "%7u ", (attr->extra ? attr->extra->weight : 0));
 
       /* Print aspath */
       if (attr->aspath)
@@ -6747,6 +6586,7 @@ route_vty_out_detail (struct vty *vty, struct bgp *bgp, struct prefix *p,
   char buf[SU_ADDRSTRLEN];
   struct attr *attr;
   int sockunion_vty_out (struct vty *, union sockunion *);
+  time_t tbuf ;
 
   attr = binfo->attr;
 
@@ -6837,15 +6677,15 @@ route_vty_out_detail (struct vty *vty, struct bgp *bgp, struct prefix *p,
       vty_out (vty, "      Origin %s", bgp_origin_long_str[attr->origin]);
 
       if (attr->flag & ATTR_FLAG_BIT(BGP_ATTR_MULTI_EXIT_DISC))
-	vty_out (vty, ", metric %d", attr->med);
+	vty_out (vty, ", metric %u", attr->med);
 
       if (attr->flag & ATTR_FLAG_BIT(BGP_ATTR_LOCAL_PREF))
-	vty_out (vty, ", localpref %d", attr->local_pref);
+	vty_out (vty, ", localpref %u", attr->local_pref);
       else
-	vty_out (vty, ", localpref %d", bgp->default_local_pref);
+	vty_out (vty, ", localpref %u", bgp->default_local_pref);
 
       if (attr->extra && attr->extra->weight != 0)
-	vty_out (vty, ", weight %d", attr->extra->weight);
+	vty_out (vty, ", weight %u", attr->extra->weight);
 
       if (! CHECK_FLAG (binfo->flags, BGP_INFO_HISTORY))
 	vty_out (vty, ", valid");
@@ -6904,22 +6744,12 @@ route_vty_out_detail (struct vty *vty, struct bgp *bgp, struct prefix *p,
 	  vty_out (vty, "%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
 	}
 
-      /* 7: AS Pathlimit */
-      if (attr->flag & ATTR_FLAG_BIT(BGP_ATTR_AS_PATHLIMIT))
-        {
-
-          vty_out (vty, "      AS-Pathlimit: %u",
-                   attr->pathlimit.ttl);
-          if (attr->pathlimit.as)
-            vty_out (vty, " (%u)", attr->pathlimit.as);
-          vty_out (vty, "%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
-        }
-
       if (binfo->extra && binfo->extra->damp_info)
 	bgp_damp_info_vty (vty, binfo);
 
       /* Line 7 display Uptime */
-      vty_out (vty, "      Last update: %s", ctime (&binfo->uptime));
+      tbuf = bgp_wall_clock(binfo->uptime);
+      vty_out (vty, "      Last update: %s", ctime(&tbuf));
     }
   vty_out (vty, "%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
 }
@@ -7329,25 +7159,23 @@ bgp_show_route_in_table (struct vty *vty, struct bgp *bgp,
 
               if ((rm = bgp_node_match (table, &match)) != NULL)
                 {
-                  if (prefix_check && rm->p.prefixlen != match.prefixlen)
+                  if (prefix_check && rm->p.prefixlen == match.prefixlen)
                     {
-                      bgp_unlock_node (rm);
-                      continue;
-                    }
-
-                  for (ri = rm->info; ri; ri = ri->info_next)
-                    {
-                      if (header)
+                      for (ri = rm->info; ri; ri = ri->info_next)
                         {
-                          route_vty_out_detail_header (vty, bgp, rm, (struct prefix_rd *)&rn->p,
-                                                       AFI_IP, SAFI_MPLS_VPN);
-
-                          header = 0;
+                          if (header)
+                            {
+                              route_vty_out_detail_header (vty, bgp, rm,
+                                                  (struct prefix_rd *)&rn->p,
+                                                         AFI_IP, SAFI_MPLS_VPN);
+
+                              header = 0;
+                            }
+                          display++;
+                          route_vty_out_detail (vty, bgp, &rm->p, ri, AFI_IP,
+                                                                 SAFI_MPLS_VPN);
                         }
-                      display++;
-                      route_vty_out_detail (vty, bgp, &rm->p, ri, AFI_IP, SAFI_MPLS_VPN);
                     }
-
                   bgp_unlock_node (rm);
                 }
             }
@@ -7372,6 +7200,7 @@ bgp_show_route_in_table (struct vty *vty, struct bgp *bgp,
                   route_vty_out_detail (vty, bgp, &rn->p, ri, afi, safi);
                 }
             }
+          bgp_unlock_node (rn);
         }
     }
 
@@ -7444,6 +7273,15 @@ DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_ipv4,
   return bgp_show (vty, NULL, AFI_IP, SAFI_UNICAST, bgp_show_type_normal, NULL);
 }
 
+ALIAS (show_ip_bgp_ipv4,
+       show_bgp_ipv4_safi_cmd,
+       "show bgp ipv4 (unicast|multicast)",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n")
+
 DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_route,
        show_ip_bgp_route_cmd,
        "show ip bgp A.B.C.D",
@@ -7472,6 +7310,16 @@ DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_ipv4_route,
   return bgp_show_route (vty, NULL, argv[1], AFI_IP, SAFI_UNICAST, NULL, 0);
 }
 
+ALIAS (show_ip_bgp_ipv4_route,
+       show_bgp_ipv4_safi_route_cmd,
+       "show bgp ipv4 (unicast|multicast) A.B.C.D",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Network in the BGP routing table to display\n")
+
 DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_all_route,
        show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_all_route_cmd,
        "show ip bgp vpnv4 all A.B.C.D",
@@ -7536,6 +7384,16 @@ DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_ipv4_prefix,
   return bgp_show_route (vty, NULL, argv[1], AFI_IP, SAFI_UNICAST, NULL, 1);
 }
 
+ALIAS (show_ip_bgp_ipv4_prefix,
+       show_bgp_ipv4_safi_prefix_cmd,
+       "show bgp ipv4 (unicast|multicast) A.B.C.D/M",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "IP prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 35.0.0.0/8\n")
+
 DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_all_prefix,
        show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_all_prefix_cmd,
        "show ip bgp vpnv4 all A.B.C.D/M",
@@ -7638,6 +7496,22 @@ ALIAS (show_bgp,
        BGP_STR
        "Address family\n")
 
+DEFUN (show_bgp_ipv6_safi,
+       show_bgp_ipv6_safi_cmd,
+       "show bgp ipv6 (unicast|multicast)",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n")
+{
+  if (strncmp (argv[0], "m", 1) == 0)
+    return bgp_show (vty, NULL, AFI_IP6, SAFI_MULTICAST, bgp_show_type_normal,
+                     NULL);
+
+  return bgp_show (vty, NULL, AFI_IP6, SAFI_UNICAST, bgp_show_type_normal, NULL);
+}
+
 /* old command */
 DEFUN (show_ipv6_bgp,
        show_ipv6_bgp_cmd,
@@ -7668,6 +7542,22 @@ ALIAS (show_bgp_route,
        "Address family\n"
        "Network in the BGP routing table to display\n")
 
+DEFUN (show_bgp_ipv6_safi_route,
+       show_bgp_ipv6_safi_route_cmd,
+       "show bgp ipv6 (unicast|multicast) X:X::X:X",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Network in the BGP routing table to display\n")
+{
+  if (strncmp (argv[0], "m", 1) == 0)
+    return bgp_show_route (vty, NULL, argv[1], AFI_IP6, SAFI_MULTICAST, NULL, 0);
+
+  return bgp_show_route (vty, NULL, argv[1], AFI_IP6, SAFI_UNICAST, NULL, 0);
+}
+
 /* old command */
 DEFUN (show_ipv6_bgp_route,
        show_ipv6_bgp_route_cmd,
@@ -7698,6 +7588,22 @@ ALIAS (show_bgp_prefix,
        "Address family\n"
        "IPv6 prefix <network>/<length>\n")
 
+DEFUN (show_bgp_ipv6_safi_prefix,
+       show_bgp_ipv6_safi_prefix_cmd,
+       "show bgp ipv6 (unicast|multicast) X:X::X:X/M",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "IPv6 prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 3ffe::/16\n")
+{
+  if (strncmp (argv[0], "m", 1) == 0)
+    return bgp_show_route (vty, NULL, argv[1], AFI_IP6, SAFI_MULTICAST, NULL, 1);
+
+  return bgp_show_route (vty, NULL, argv[1], AFI_IP6, SAFI_UNICAST, NULL, 1);
+}
+
 /* old command */
 DEFUN (show_ipv6_bgp_prefix,
        show_ipv6_bgp_prefix_cmd,
@@ -8402,15 +8308,37 @@ DEFUN (show_ipv6_mbgp_community_all,
 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
 
 static int
-bgp_show_community (struct vty *vty, int argc, argv_t argv,
-                                          int exact, u_int16_t afi, u_char safi)
+bgp_show_community (struct vty *vty, const char *view_name,
+                                          int argc, argv_t argv,
+                                             int exact, afi_t afi, safi_t safi)
 {
   struct community *com;
   struct buffer *b;
+  struct bgp *bgp;
   int i;
   char *str;
   int first = 0;
 
+  /* BGP structure lookup */
+  if (view_name)
+    {
+      bgp = bgp_lookup_by_name (view_name);
+      if (bgp == NULL)
+       {
+         vty_out (vty, "Can't find BGP view %s%s", view_name, VTY_NEWLINE);
+         return CMD_WARNING;
+       }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      bgp = bgp_get_default ();
+      if (bgp == NULL)
+       {
+         vty_out (vty, "No BGP process is configured%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
+         return CMD_WARNING;
+       }
+    }
+
   b = buffer_new (1024);
   for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
     {
@@ -8439,7 +8367,7 @@ bgp_show_community (struct vty *vty, int argc, argv_t argv,
       return CMD_WARNING;
     }
 
-  return bgp_show (vty, NULL, afi, safi,
+  return bgp_show (vty, bgp, afi, safi,
                    (exact ? bgp_show_type_community_exact :
 		            bgp_show_type_community), com);
 }
@@ -8456,7 +8384,7 @@ DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_community,
        "Do not advertise to any peer (well-known community)\n"
        "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n")
 {
-  return bgp_show_community (vty, argc, argv, 0, AFI_IP, SAFI_UNICAST);
+  return bgp_show_community (vty, NULL, argc, argv, 0, AFI_IP, SAFI_UNICAST);
 }
 
 ALIAS (show_ip_bgp_community,
@@ -8534,10 +8462,11 @@ DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_ipv4_community,
        "Do not advertise to any peer (well-known community)\n"
        "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n")
 {
-  if (strncmp (argv[0], "m", 1) == 0)
-    return bgp_show_community (vty, argc, argv, 0, AFI_IP, SAFI_MULTICAST);
+  safi_t safi ;
+
+  safi = (strncmp (argv[0], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST ;
 
-  return bgp_show_community (vty, argc, argv, 0, AFI_IP, SAFI_UNICAST);
+  return bgp_show_community (vty, NULL, argc, argv, 0, AFI_IP, safi);
 }
 
 ALIAS (show_ip_bgp_ipv4_community,
@@ -8609,6 +8538,177 @@ ALIAS (show_ip_bgp_ipv4_community,
        "Do not advertise to any peer (well-known community)\n"
        "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n")
 
+DEFUN (show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community_all,
+       show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community_all_cmd,
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+       "show bgp view WORD (ipv4|ipv6) (unicast|multicast) community",
+#else
+       "show bgp view WORD ipv4 (unicast|multicast) community",
+#endif
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "BGP view\n"
+       "BGP view name\n"
+       "Address family\n"
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+       "Address family\n"
+#endif
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Display routes containing communities\n")
+{
+  int afi;
+  int safi;
+  struct bgp *bgp;
+
+  /* BGP structure lookup. */
+  bgp = bgp_lookup_by_name (argv[0]);
+  if (bgp == NULL)
+    {
+      vty_out (vty, "Can't find BGP view %s%s", argv[0], VTY_NEWLINE);
+      return CMD_WARNING;
+    }
+
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+  afi = (strncmp (argv[1], "ipv6", 4) == 0) ? AFI_IP6 : AFI_IP;
+  safi = (strncmp (argv[2], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+#else
+  afi = AFI_IP;
+  safi = (strncmp (argv[1], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+#endif
+  return bgp_show (vty, bgp, afi, safi, bgp_show_type_community_all, NULL);
+}
+
+DEFUN (show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community,
+       show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community_cmd,
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+       "show bgp view WORD (ipv4|ipv6) (unicast|multicast) community (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export)",
+#else
+       "show bgp view WORD ipv4 (unicast|multicast) community (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export)",
+#endif
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "BGP view\n"
+       "BGP view name\n"
+       "Address family\n"
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+       "Address family\n"
+#endif
+       "Address family modifier\n"
+       "Address family modifier\n"
+       "Display routes matching the communities\n"
+       "community number\n"
+       "Do not send outside local AS (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not advertise to any peer (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n")
+{
+  int afi;
+  int safi;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+  afi = (strncmp (argv[1], "ipv6", 4) == 0) ? AFI_IP6 : AFI_IP;
+  safi = (strncmp (argv[2], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+  return bgp_show_community (vty, argv[0], argc-3, &argv[3], 0, afi, safi);
+#else
+  afi = AFI_IP;
+  safi = (strncmp (argv[1], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+  return bgp_show_community (vty, argv[0], argc-2, &argv[2], 0, afi, safi);
+#endif
+}
+
+ALIAS (show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community,
+       show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community2_cmd,
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+       "show bgp view WORD (ipv4|ipv6) (unicast|multicast) community (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export) (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export)",
+#else
+       "show bgp view WORD ipv4 (unicast|multicast) community (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export) (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export)",
+#endif
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "BGP view\n"
+       "BGP view name\n"
+       "Address family\n"
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+       "Address family\n"
+#endif
+       "Address family modifier\n"
+       "Address family modifier\n"
+       "Display routes matching the communities\n"
+       "community number\n"
+       "Do not send outside local AS (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not advertise to any peer (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n"
+       "community number\n"
+       "Do not send outside local AS (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not advertise to any peer (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n")
+
+ALIAS (show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community,
+       show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community3_cmd,
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+       "show bgp view WORD (ipv4|ipv6) (unicast|multicast) community (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export) (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export) (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export)",
+#else
+       "show bgp view WORD ipv4 (unicast|multicast) community (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export) (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export) (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export)",
+#endif
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "BGP view\n"
+       "BGP view name\n"
+       "Address family\n"
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+       "Address family\n"
+#endif
+       "Address family modifier\n"
+       "Address family modifier\n"
+       "Display routes matching the communities\n"
+       "community number\n"
+       "Do not send outside local AS (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not advertise to any peer (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n"
+       "community number\n"
+       "Do not send outside local AS (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not advertise to any peer (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n"
+       "community number\n"
+       "Do not send outside local AS (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not advertise to any peer (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n")
+
+ALIAS (show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community,
+       show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community4_cmd,
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+       "show bgp view WORD (ipv4|ipv6) (unicast|multicast) community (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export) (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export) (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export) (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export)",
+#else
+       "show bgp view WORD ipv4 (unicast|multicast) community (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export) (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export) (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export) (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export)",
+#endif
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "BGP view\n"
+       "BGP view name\n"
+       "Address family\n"
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+       "Address family\n"
+#endif
+       "Address family modifier\n"
+       "Address family modifier\n"
+       "Display routes matching the communities\n"
+       "community number\n"
+       "Do not send outside local AS (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not advertise to any peer (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n"
+       "community number\n"
+       "Do not send outside local AS (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not advertise to any peer (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n"
+       "community number\n"
+       "Do not send outside local AS (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not advertise to any peer (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n"
+       "community number\n"
+       "Do not send outside local AS (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not advertise to any peer (well-known community)\n"
+       "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n")
+
 DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_community_exact,
        show_ip_bgp_community_exact_cmd,
        "show ip bgp community (AA:NN|local-AS|no-advertise|no-export) exact-match",
@@ -8622,7 +8722,7 @@ DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_community_exact,
        "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n"
        "Exact match of the communities")
 {
-  return bgp_show_community (vty, argc, argv, 1, AFI_IP, SAFI_UNICAST);
+  return bgp_show_community (vty, NULL, argc, argv, 1, AFI_IP, SAFI_UNICAST);
 }
 
 ALIAS (show_ip_bgp_community_exact,
@@ -8704,10 +8804,11 @@ DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_ipv4_community_exact,
        "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n"
        "Exact match of the communities")
 {
-  if (strncmp (argv[0], "m", 1) == 0)
-    return bgp_show_community (vty, argc, argv, 1, AFI_IP, SAFI_MULTICAST);
+  safi_t safi ;
+
+  safi = (strncmp (argv[0], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST ;
 
-  return bgp_show_community (vty, argc, argv, 1, AFI_IP, SAFI_UNICAST);
+  return bgp_show_community (vty, NULL, argc, argv, 1, AFI_IP, safi);
 }
 
 ALIAS (show_ip_bgp_ipv4_community_exact,
@@ -8794,7 +8895,7 @@ DEFUN (show_bgp_community,
        "Do not advertise to any peer (well-known community)\n"
        "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n")
 {
-  return bgp_show_community (vty, argc, argv, 0, AFI_IP6, SAFI_UNICAST);
+  return bgp_show_community (vty, NULL, argc, argv, 0, AFI_IP6, SAFI_UNICAST);
 }
 
 ALIAS (show_bgp_community,
@@ -8939,7 +9040,7 @@ DEFUN (show_ipv6_bgp_community,
        "Do not advertise to any peer (well-known community)\n"
        "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n")
 {
-  return bgp_show_community (vty, argc, argv, 0, AFI_IP6, SAFI_UNICAST);
+  return bgp_show_community (vty, NULL, argc, argv, 0, AFI_IP6, SAFI_UNICAST);
 }
 
 /* old command */
@@ -9017,7 +9118,7 @@ DEFUN (show_bgp_community_exact,
        "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n"
        "Exact match of the communities")
 {
-  return bgp_show_community (vty, argc, argv, 1, AFI_IP6, SAFI_UNICAST);
+  return bgp_show_community (vty, NULL, argc, argv, 1, AFI_IP6, SAFI_UNICAST);
 }
 
 ALIAS (show_bgp_community_exact,
@@ -9170,7 +9271,7 @@ DEFUN (show_ipv6_bgp_community_exact,
        "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n"
        "Exact match of the communities")
 {
-  return bgp_show_community (vty, argc, argv, 1, AFI_IP6, SAFI_UNICAST);
+  return bgp_show_community (vty, NULL, argc, argv, 1, AFI_IP6, SAFI_UNICAST);
 }
 
 /* old command */
@@ -9252,7 +9353,7 @@ DEFUN (show_ipv6_mbgp_community,
        "Do not advertise to any peer (well-known community)\n"
        "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n")
 {
-  return bgp_show_community (vty, argc, argv, 0, AFI_IP6, SAFI_MULTICAST);
+  return bgp_show_community (vty, NULL, argc, argv, 0, AFI_IP6, SAFI_MULTICAST);
 }
 
 /* old command */
@@ -9332,7 +9433,7 @@ DEFUN (show_ipv6_mbgp_community_exact,
        "Do not export to next AS (well-known community)\n"
        "Exact match of the communities")
 {
-  return bgp_show_community (vty, argc, argv, 1, AFI_IP6, SAFI_MULTICAST);
+  return bgp_show_community (vty, NULL, argc, argv, 1, AFI_IP6, SAFI_MULTICAST);
 }
 
 /* old command */
@@ -9404,7 +9505,7 @@ ALIAS (show_ipv6_mbgp_community_exact,
 
 static int
 bgp_show_community_list (struct vty *vty, const char *com, int exact,
-			 u_int16_t afi, u_char safi)
+			 afi_t afi, safi_t safi)
 {
   struct community_list *list;
 
@@ -10741,6 +10842,56 @@ DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_ipv4_neighbor_received_routes,
   return peer_adj_routes (vty, peer, AFI_IP, SAFI_UNICAST, 1);
 }
 
+DEFUN (show_bgp_view_afi_safi_neighbor_adv_recd_routes,
+       show_bgp_view_afi_safi_neighbor_adv_recd_routes_cmd,
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+       "show bgp view WORD (ipv4|ipv6) (unicast|multicast) neighbors (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X) (advertised-routes|received-routes)",
+#else
+       "show bgp view WORD ipv4 (unicast|multicast) neighbors (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X) (advertised-routes|received-routes)",
+#endif
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "BGP view\n"
+       "BGP view name\n"
+       "Address family\n"
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+       "Address family\n"
+#endif
+       "Address family modifier\n"
+       "Address family modifier\n"
+       "Detailed information on TCP and BGP neighbor connections\n"
+       "Neighbor to display information about\n"
+       "Neighbor to display information about\n"
+       "Display the advertised routes to neighbor\n"
+       "Display the received routes from neighbor\n")
+{
+  int afi;
+  int safi;
+  int in;
+  struct peer *peer;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+    peer = peer_lookup_in_view (vty, argv[0], argv[3]);
+#else
+    peer = peer_lookup_in_view (vty, argv[0], argv[2]);
+#endif
+
+  if (! peer)
+    return CMD_WARNING;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+  afi = (strncmp (argv[1], "ipv6", 4) == 0) ? AFI_IP6 : AFI_IP;
+  safi = (strncmp (argv[2], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+  in = (strncmp (argv[4], "r", 1) == 0) ? 1 : 0;
+#else
+  afi = AFI_IP;
+  safi = (strncmp (argv[1], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+  in = (strncmp (argv[3], "r", 1) == 0) ? 1 : 0;
+#endif
+
+  return peer_adj_routes (vty, peer, afi, safi, in);
+}
+
 DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_neighbor_received_prefix_filter,
        show_ip_bgp_neighbor_received_prefix_filter_cmd,
        "show ip bgp neighbors (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X) received prefix-filter",
@@ -11148,6 +11299,65 @@ ALIAS (show_ip_bgp_view_rsclient,
        "Information about Route Server Client\n"
        NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR)
 
+DEFUN (show_bgp_view_ipv4_safi_rsclient,
+       show_bgp_view_ipv4_safi_rsclient_cmd,
+       "show bgp view WORD ipv4 (unicast|multicast) rsclient (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X)",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "BGP view\n"
+       "BGP view name\n"
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Information about Route Server Client\n"
+       NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR)
+{
+  struct bgp_table *table;
+  struct peer *peer;
+  safi_t safi;
+
+  if (argc == 3) {
+    peer = peer_lookup_in_view (vty, argv[0], argv[2]);
+    safi = (strncmp (argv[1], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+  } else {
+    peer = peer_lookup_in_view (vty, NULL, argv[1]);
+    safi = (strncmp (argv[0], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+  }
+
+  if (! peer)
+    return CMD_WARNING;
+
+  if (! peer->afc[AFI_IP][safi])
+    {
+      vty_out (vty, "%% Activate the neighbor for the address family first%s",
+            VTY_NEWLINE);
+      return CMD_WARNING;
+    }
+
+  if ( ! CHECK_FLAG (peer->af_flags[AFI_IP][safi],
+              PEER_FLAG_RSERVER_CLIENT))
+    {
+      vty_out (vty, "%% Neighbor is not a Route-Server client%s",
+            VTY_NEWLINE);
+      return CMD_WARNING;
+    }
+
+  table = peer->rib[AFI_IP][safi];
+
+  return bgp_show_table (vty, table, &peer->remote_id, bgp_show_type_normal, NULL);
+}
+
+ALIAS (show_bgp_view_ipv4_safi_rsclient,
+       show_bgp_ipv4_safi_rsclient_cmd,
+       "show bgp ipv4 (unicast|multicast) rsclient (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X)",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Information about Route Server Client\n"
+       NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR)
+
 DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_view_rsclient_route,
        show_ip_bgp_view_rsclient_route_cmd,
        "show ip bgp view WORD rsclient (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X) A.B.C.D",
@@ -11221,6 +11431,87 @@ ALIAS (show_ip_bgp_view_rsclient_route,
        NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR
        "Network in the BGP routing table to display\n")
 
+DEFUN (show_bgp_view_ipv4_safi_rsclient_route,
+       show_bgp_view_ipv4_safi_rsclient_route_cmd,
+       "show bgp view WORD ipv4 (unicast|multicast) rsclient (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X) A.B.C.D",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "BGP view\n"
+       "BGP view name\n"
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Information about Route Server Client\n"
+       NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR
+       "Network in the BGP routing table to display\n")
+{
+  struct bgp *bgp;
+  struct peer *peer;
+  safi_t safi;
+
+  /* BGP structure lookup. */
+  if (argc == 4)
+    {
+      bgp = bgp_lookup_by_name (argv[0]);
+      if (bgp == NULL)
+	{
+	  vty_out (vty, "Can't find BGP view %s%s", argv[0], VTY_NEWLINE);
+	  return CMD_WARNING;
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      bgp = bgp_get_default ();
+      if (bgp == NULL)
+	{
+	  vty_out (vty, "No BGP process is configured%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
+	  return CMD_WARNING;
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (argc == 4) {
+    peer = peer_lookup_in_view (vty, argv[0], argv[2]);
+    safi = (strncmp (argv[1], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+  } else {
+    peer = peer_lookup_in_view (vty, NULL, argv[1]);
+    safi = (strncmp (argv[0], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+  }
+
+  if (! peer)
+    return CMD_WARNING;
+
+  if (! peer->afc[AFI_IP][safi])
+    {
+      vty_out (vty, "%% Activate the neighbor for the address family first%s",
+            VTY_NEWLINE);
+      return CMD_WARNING;
+}
+
+  if ( ! CHECK_FLAG (peer->af_flags[AFI_IP][safi],
+              PEER_FLAG_RSERVER_CLIENT))
+    {
+      vty_out (vty, "%% Neighbor is not a Route-Server client%s",
+            VTY_NEWLINE);
+      return CMD_WARNING;
+    }
+
+  return bgp_show_route_in_table (vty, bgp, peer->rib[AFI_IP][safi],
+                                  (argc == 4) ? argv[3] : argv[2],
+                                  AFI_IP, safi, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+ALIAS (show_bgp_view_ipv4_safi_rsclient_route,
+       show_bgp_ipv4_safi_rsclient_route_cmd,
+       "show bgp ipv4 (unicast|multicast) rsclient (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X) A.B.C.D",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Information about Route Server Client\n"
+       NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR
+       "Network in the BGP routing table to display\n")
+
 DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_view_rsclient_prefix,
        show_ip_bgp_view_rsclient_prefix_cmd,
        "show ip bgp view WORD rsclient (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X) A.B.C.D/M",
@@ -11294,6 +11585,86 @@ ALIAS (show_ip_bgp_view_rsclient_prefix,
        NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR
        "IP prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 35.0.0.0/8\n")
 
+DEFUN (show_bgp_view_ipv4_safi_rsclient_prefix,
+       show_bgp_view_ipv4_safi_rsclient_prefix_cmd,
+       "show bgp view WORD ipv4 (unicast|multicast) rsclient (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X) A.B.C.D/M",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "BGP view\n"
+       "BGP view name\n"
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Information about Route Server Client\n"
+       NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR
+       "IP prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 35.0.0.0/8\n")
+{
+  struct bgp *bgp;
+  struct peer *peer;
+  safi_t safi;
+
+  /* BGP structure lookup. */
+  if (argc == 4)
+    {
+      bgp = bgp_lookup_by_name (argv[0]);
+      if (bgp == NULL)
+	{
+	  vty_out (vty, "Can't find BGP view %s%s", argv[0], VTY_NEWLINE);
+	  return CMD_WARNING;
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      bgp = bgp_get_default ();
+      if (bgp == NULL)
+	{
+	  vty_out (vty, "No BGP process is configured%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
+	  return CMD_WARNING;
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (argc == 4) {
+    peer = peer_lookup_in_view (vty, argv[0], argv[2]);
+    safi = (strncmp (argv[1], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+  } else {
+    peer = peer_lookup_in_view (vty, NULL, argv[1]);
+    safi = (strncmp (argv[0], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+  }
+
+  if (! peer)
+    return CMD_WARNING;
+
+  if (! peer->afc[AFI_IP][safi])
+    {
+      vty_out (vty, "%% Activate the neighbor for the address family first%s",
+            VTY_NEWLINE);
+      return CMD_WARNING;
+}
+
+  if ( ! CHECK_FLAG (peer->af_flags[AFI_IP][safi],
+              PEER_FLAG_RSERVER_CLIENT))
+{
+      vty_out (vty, "%% Neighbor is not a Route-Server client%s",
+            VTY_NEWLINE);
+    return CMD_WARNING;
+    }
+
+  return bgp_show_route_in_table (vty, bgp, peer->rib[AFI_IP][safi],
+                                  (argc == 4) ? argv[3] : argv[2],
+                                  AFI_IP, safi, NULL, 1);
+}
+
+ALIAS (show_bgp_view_ipv4_safi_rsclient_prefix,
+       show_bgp_ipv4_safi_rsclient_prefix_cmd,
+       "show bgp ipv4 (unicast|multicast) rsclient (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X) A.B.C.D/M",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Information about Route Server Client\n"
+       NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR
+       "IP prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 35.0.0.0/8\n")
 
 #ifdef HAVE_IPV6
 DEFUN (show_bgp_view_neighbor_routes,
@@ -11560,6 +11931,65 @@ ALIAS (show_bgp_view_rsclient,
        "Information about Route Server Client\n"
        NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR)
 
+DEFUN (show_bgp_view_ipv6_safi_rsclient,
+       show_bgp_view_ipv6_safi_rsclient_cmd,
+       "show bgp view WORD ipv6 (unicast|multicast) rsclient (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X)",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "BGP view\n"
+       "BGP view name\n"
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Information about Route Server Client\n"
+       NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR)
+{
+  struct bgp_table *table;
+  struct peer *peer;
+  safi_t safi;
+
+  if (argc == 3) {
+    peer = peer_lookup_in_view (vty, argv[0], argv[2]);
+    safi = (strncmp (argv[1], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+  } else {
+    peer = peer_lookup_in_view (vty, NULL, argv[1]);
+    safi = (strncmp (argv[0], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+  }
+
+  if (! peer)
+    return CMD_WARNING;
+
+  if (! peer->afc[AFI_IP6][safi])
+    {
+      vty_out (vty, "%% Activate the neighbor for the address family first%s",
+            VTY_NEWLINE);
+      return CMD_WARNING;
+    }
+
+  if ( ! CHECK_FLAG (peer->af_flags[AFI_IP6][safi],
+              PEER_FLAG_RSERVER_CLIENT))
+    {
+      vty_out (vty, "%% Neighbor is not a Route-Server client%s",
+            VTY_NEWLINE);
+      return CMD_WARNING;
+    }
+
+  table = peer->rib[AFI_IP6][safi];
+
+  return bgp_show_table (vty, table, &peer->remote_id, bgp_show_type_normal, NULL);
+}
+
+ALIAS (show_bgp_view_ipv6_safi_rsclient,
+       show_bgp_ipv6_safi_rsclient_cmd,
+       "show bgp ipv6 (unicast|multicast) rsclient (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X)",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Information about Route Server Client\n"
+       NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR)
+
 DEFUN (show_bgp_view_rsclient_route,
        show_bgp_view_rsclient_route_cmd,
        "show bgp view WORD rsclient (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X) X:X::X:X",
@@ -11631,6 +12061,87 @@ ALIAS (show_bgp_view_rsclient_route,
        NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR
        "Network in the BGP routing table to display\n")
 
+DEFUN (show_bgp_view_ipv6_safi_rsclient_route,
+       show_bgp_view_ipv6_safi_rsclient_route_cmd,
+       "show bgp view WORD ipv6 (unicast|multicast) rsclient (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X) X:X::X:X",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "BGP view\n"
+       "BGP view name\n"
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Information about Route Server Client\n"
+       NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR
+       "Network in the BGP routing table to display\n")
+{
+  struct bgp *bgp;
+  struct peer *peer;
+  safi_t safi;
+
+  /* BGP structure lookup. */
+  if (argc == 4)
+    {
+      bgp = bgp_lookup_by_name (argv[0]);
+      if (bgp == NULL)
+	{
+	  vty_out (vty, "Can't find BGP view %s%s", argv[0], VTY_NEWLINE);
+	  return CMD_WARNING;
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      bgp = bgp_get_default ();
+      if (bgp == NULL)
+	{
+	  vty_out (vty, "No BGP process is configured%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
+	  return CMD_WARNING;
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (argc == 4) {
+    peer = peer_lookup_in_view (vty, argv[0], argv[2]);
+    safi = (strncmp (argv[1], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+  } else {
+    peer = peer_lookup_in_view (vty, NULL, argv[1]);
+    safi = (strncmp (argv[0], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+  }
+
+  if (! peer)
+    return CMD_WARNING;
+
+  if (! peer->afc[AFI_IP6][safi])
+    {
+      vty_out (vty, "%% Activate the neighbor for the address family first%s",
+            VTY_NEWLINE);
+      return CMD_WARNING;
+}
+
+  if ( ! CHECK_FLAG (peer->af_flags[AFI_IP6][safi],
+              PEER_FLAG_RSERVER_CLIENT))
+    {
+      vty_out (vty, "%% Neighbor is not a Route-Server client%s",
+            VTY_NEWLINE);
+      return CMD_WARNING;
+    }
+
+  return bgp_show_route_in_table (vty, bgp, peer->rib[AFI_IP6][safi],
+                                  (argc == 4) ? argv[3] : argv[2],
+                                  AFI_IP6, safi, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+ALIAS (show_bgp_view_ipv6_safi_rsclient_route,
+       show_bgp_ipv6_safi_rsclient_route_cmd,
+       "show bgp ipv6 (unicast|multicast) rsclient (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X) X:X::X:X",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Information about Route Server Client\n"
+       NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR
+       "Network in the BGP routing table to display\n")
+
 DEFUN (show_bgp_view_rsclient_prefix,
        show_bgp_view_rsclient_prefix_cmd,
        "show bgp view WORD rsclient (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X) X:X::X:X/M",
@@ -11702,6 +12213,87 @@ ALIAS (show_bgp_view_rsclient_prefix,
        NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR
        "IPv6 prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 3ffe::/16\n")
 
+DEFUN (show_bgp_view_ipv6_safi_rsclient_prefix,
+       show_bgp_view_ipv6_safi_rsclient_prefix_cmd,
+       "show bgp view WORD ipv6 (unicast|multicast) rsclient (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X) X:X::X:X/M",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "BGP view\n"
+       "BGP view name\n"
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Information about Route Server Client\n"
+       NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR
+       "IP prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 3ffe::/16\n")
+{
+  struct bgp *bgp;
+  struct peer *peer;
+  safi_t safi;
+
+  /* BGP structure lookup. */
+  if (argc == 4)
+    {
+      bgp = bgp_lookup_by_name (argv[0]);
+      if (bgp == NULL)
+	{
+	  vty_out (vty, "Can't find BGP view %s%s", argv[0], VTY_NEWLINE);
+	  return CMD_WARNING;
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      bgp = bgp_get_default ();
+      if (bgp == NULL)
+	{
+	  vty_out (vty, "No BGP process is configured%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
+	  return CMD_WARNING;
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (argc == 4) {
+    peer = peer_lookup_in_view (vty, argv[0], argv[2]);
+    safi = (strncmp (argv[1], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+  } else {
+    peer = peer_lookup_in_view (vty, NULL, argv[1]);
+    safi = (strncmp (argv[0], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+  }
+
+  if (! peer)
+    return CMD_WARNING;
+
+  if (! peer->afc[AFI_IP6][safi])
+    {
+      vty_out (vty, "%% Activate the neighbor for the address family first%s",
+            VTY_NEWLINE);
+      return CMD_WARNING;
+}
+
+  if ( ! CHECK_FLAG (peer->af_flags[AFI_IP6][safi],
+              PEER_FLAG_RSERVER_CLIENT))
+{
+      vty_out (vty, "%% Neighbor is not a Route-Server client%s",
+            VTY_NEWLINE);
+    return CMD_WARNING;
+    }
+
+  return bgp_show_route_in_table (vty, bgp, peer->rib[AFI_IP6][safi],
+                                  (argc == 4) ? argv[3] : argv[2],
+                                  AFI_IP6, safi, NULL, 1);
+}
+
+ALIAS (show_bgp_view_ipv6_safi_rsclient_prefix,
+       show_bgp_ipv6_safi_rsclient_prefix_cmd,
+       "show bgp ipv6 (unicast|multicast) rsclient (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X) X:X::X:X/M",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Information about Route Server Client\n"
+       NEIGHBOR_ADDR_STR
+       "IP prefix <network>/<length>, e.g., 3ffe::/16\n")
+
 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
 
 struct bgp_table *bgp_distance_table;
@@ -12123,7 +12715,8 @@ bgp_clear_damp_route (struct vty *vty, const char *view_name,
 
   if (safi == SAFI_MPLS_VPN)
     {
-      for (rn = bgp_table_top (bgp->rib[AFI_IP][SAFI_MPLS_VPN]); rn; rn = bgp_route_next (rn))
+      for (rn = bgp_table_top (bgp->rib[AFI_IP][SAFI_MPLS_VPN]); rn;
+                                                      rn = bgp_route_next (rn))
         {
           if (prd && memcmp (rn->p.u.val, prd->val, 8) != 0)
             continue;
@@ -12335,8 +12928,6 @@ bgp_config_write_network (struct vty *vty, struct bgp *bgp,
 	  {
 	    if (bgp_static->backdoor)
 	      vty_out (vty, " backdoor");
-            if (bgp_static->ttl)
-              vty_out (vty, " pathlimit %u", bgp_static->ttl);
           }
 
 	vty_out (vty, "%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
@@ -12425,12 +13016,6 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (BGP_NODE, &bgp_network_backdoor_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_backdoor_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_NODE, &bgp_network_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_natural_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_NODE, &bgp_network_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_cmd);
@@ -12440,12 +13025,6 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_backdoor_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_backdoor_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
 
   install_element (BGP_NODE, &aggregate_address_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_NODE, &aggregate_address_mask_cmd);
@@ -12475,23 +13054,13 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_network_route_map_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_route_map_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_natural_route_map_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_network_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_natural_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_network_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_ttl_cmd);  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_route_map_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_route_map_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_route_map_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_ttl_cmd);  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_cmd);
+
   install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &aggregate_address_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &aggregate_address_mask_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &aggregate_address_summary_only_cmd);
@@ -12520,24 +13089,13 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &bgp_network_route_map_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_route_map_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_natural_route_map_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &bgp_network_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_natural_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &bgp_network_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_ttl_cmd);  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_route_map_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_route_map_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_route_map_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_ttl_cmd);  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_cmd);
+
   install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &aggregate_address_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &aggregate_address_mask_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &aggregate_address_summary_only_cmd);
@@ -12561,12 +13119,15 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
 
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_route_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_route_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_route_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_all_route_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_rd_route_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_prefix_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_all_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_rd_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_view_cmd);
@@ -12592,6 +13153,11 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_community2_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_community3_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_community4_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community_all_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community2_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community3_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community4_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_community_exact_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_community2_exact_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_community3_exact_cmd);
@@ -12610,6 +13176,7 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_neighbor_advertised_route_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_neighbor_received_routes_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_neighbor_received_routes_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_afi_safi_neighbor_adv_recd_routes_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_neighbor_routes_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_neighbor_routes_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_neighbor_received_prefix_filter_cmd);
@@ -12627,20 +13194,28 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_neighbor_flap_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_neighbor_damp_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_rsclient_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_rsclient_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_rsclient_route_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_rsclient_route_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_view_neighbor_advertised_route_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_view_neighbor_received_routes_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_view_rsclient_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv4_safi_rsclient_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_view_rsclient_route_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv4_safi_rsclient_route_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_view_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv4_safi_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
 
   /* Restricted node: VIEW_NODE - (set of dangerous commands) */
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_route_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_route_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_route_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_rd_route_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_prefix_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_all_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_rd_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_view_route_cmd);
@@ -12653,6 +13228,11 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_community2_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_community3_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_community4_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community_all_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community2_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community3_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community4_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_community_exact_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_community2_exact_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_community3_exact_cmd);
@@ -12662,18 +13242,25 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_community3_exact_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_community4_exact_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_rsclient_route_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_rsclient_route_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_view_rsclient_route_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv4_safi_rsclient_route_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_view_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv4_safi_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
 
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_route_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_route_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_route_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_all_route_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_rd_route_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_prefix_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_all_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_rd_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_view_cmd);
@@ -12699,6 +13286,11 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_community2_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_community3_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_community4_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community_all_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community2_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community3_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_afi_safi_community4_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_community_exact_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_community2_exact_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_community3_exact_cmd);
@@ -12717,6 +13309,7 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_neighbor_advertised_route_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_neighbor_received_routes_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_neighbor_received_routes_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_afi_safi_neighbor_adv_recd_routes_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_neighbor_routes_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_neighbor_routes_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_neighbor_received_prefix_filter_cmd);
@@ -12734,13 +13327,19 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_neighbor_flap_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_neighbor_damp_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_rsclient_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_rsclient_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_rsclient_route_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_rsclient_route_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_view_neighbor_advertised_route_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_view_neighbor_received_routes_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_view_rsclient_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv4_safi_rsclient_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_view_rsclient_route_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv4_safi_rsclient_route_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_view_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv4_safi_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
 
  /* BGP dampening clear commands */
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &clear_ip_bgp_dampening_cmd);
@@ -12758,10 +13357,8 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   /* New config IPv6 BGP commands.  */
   install_element (BGP_IPV6_NODE, &ipv6_bgp_network_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV6_NODE, &ipv6_bgp_network_route_map_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV6_NODE, &ipv6_bgp_network_ttl_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV6_NODE, &no_ipv6_bgp_network_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV6_NODE, &no_ipv6_bgp_network_route_map_cmd);
-  install_element (BGP_IPV6_NODE, &no_ipv6_bgp_network_ttl_cmd);
 
   install_element (BGP_IPV6_NODE, &ipv6_aggregate_address_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV6_NODE, &ipv6_aggregate_address_summary_only_cmd);
@@ -12779,10 +13376,13 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
 
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_route_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_route_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_route_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_prefix_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_regexp_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_regexp_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_prefix_list_cmd);
@@ -12828,8 +13428,11 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_neighbor_damp_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_neighbor_damp_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_rsclient_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_rsclient_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_rsclient_route_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_rsclient_route_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv6_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_route_cmd);
@@ -12849,8 +13452,11 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_neighbor_damp_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv6_neighbor_damp_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_rsclient_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv6_safi_rsclient_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_rsclient_route_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv6_safi_rsclient_route_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv6_safi_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
 
   /* Restricted:
    * VIEW_NODE - (set of dangerous commands) - (commands dependent on prev)
@@ -12876,7 +13482,9 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_community4_exact_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_community4_exact_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_rsclient_route_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_rsclient_route_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_view_route_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv6_route_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_view_prefix_cmd);
@@ -12884,14 +13492,19 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_view_neighbor_received_prefix_filter_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv6_neighbor_received_prefix_filter_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_view_rsclient_route_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv6_safi_rsclient_route_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_view_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv6_safi_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
 
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_route_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_route_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_route_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_prefix_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_regexp_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_regexp_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_prefix_list_cmd);
@@ -12937,8 +13550,11 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_neighbor_damp_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_neighbor_damp_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_rsclient_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_rsclient_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_rsclient_route_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_rsclient_route_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv6_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_route_cmd);
@@ -12958,8 +13574,11 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_neighbor_damp_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv6_neighbor_damp_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_rsclient_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv6_safi_rsclient_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_rsclient_route_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv6_safi_rsclient_route_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_view_ipv6_safi_rsclient_prefix_cmd);
 
   /* Statistics */
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_statistics_cmd);
@@ -13080,6 +13699,54 @@ bgp_route_init (void)
   install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_damp_set3_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_damp_unset_cmd);
   install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_damp_unset2_cmd);
+
+  /* Deprecated AS-Pathlimit commands */
+  install_element (BGP_NODE, &bgp_network_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_natural_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_NODE, &bgp_network_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+
+  install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_network_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_natural_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_network_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &bgp_network_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_natural_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &bgp_network_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV4M_NODE, &no_bgp_network_mask_natural_backdoor_ttl_cmd);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
+  install_element (BGP_IPV6_NODE, &ipv6_bgp_network_ttl_cmd);
+  install_element (BGP_IPV6_NODE, &no_ipv6_bgp_network_ttl_cmd);
+#endif
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/bgpd/bgp_route.h b/bgpd/bgp_route.h
index 0e082eed..c57cb205 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgp_route.h
+++ b/bgpd/bgp_route.h
@@ -119,9 +119,6 @@ struct bgp_static
 
   /* MPLS label.  */
   u_char tag[3];
-
-  /* AS-Pathlimit TTL */
-  u_char ttl;
 };
 
 /* Flags which indicate a route is unuseable in some form */
diff --git a/bgpd/bgp_routemap.c b/bgpd/bgp_routemap.c
index f40d057d..e8b9ad60 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgp_routemap.c
+++ b/bgpd/bgp_routemap.c
@@ -92,107 +92,15 @@ o Cisco route-map
       origin            :  Done
       tag               :  (This will not be implemented by bgpd)
       weight            :  Done
-      pathlimit		:  Done
 
 o Local extention
 
   set ipv6 next-hop global: Done
   set ipv6 next-hop local : Done
-  set pathlimit ttl       : Done
   set as-path exclude     : Done
-  match pathlimit as     : Done
 
 */
 
-/* Compiles either AS or TTL argument. It is amused the VTY code
- * has already range-checked the values to be suitable as TTL or ASN
- */
-static void *
-route_pathlimit_compile (const char *arg)
-{
-  unsigned long tmp;
-  u_int32_t *val;
-  char *endptr = NULL;
-
-  /* TTL or AS value shoud be integer. */
-  if (! all_digit (arg))
-    return NULL;
-
-  tmp = strtoul (arg, &endptr, 10);
-  if (*endptr != '\0' || tmp == ULONG_MAX || tmp > UINT32_MAX)
-    return NULL;
-
-  if (!(val = XMALLOC (MTYPE_ROUTE_MAP_COMPILED, sizeof (u_int32_t))))
-    return NULL;
-
-  *val = tmp;
-
-  return val;
-}
-
-static void
-route_pathlimit_free (void *rule)
-{
-  XFREE (MTYPE_ROUTE_MAP_COMPILED, rule);
-}
-
-static route_map_result_t
-route_match_pathlimit_as (void *rule, struct prefix *prefix, route_map_object_t type,
-      void *object)
-{
-  struct bgp_info *info = object;
-  struct attr *attr = info->attr;
-  uint32_t as = *(uint32_t *)rule;
-
-  if (type != RMAP_BGP)
-    return RMAP_NOMATCH;
-
-  if (!attr->pathlimit.as)
-    return RMAP_NOMATCH;
-
-  if (as == attr->pathlimit.as)
-    return RMAP_MATCH;
-
-  return RMAP_NOMATCH;
-}
-
-/* 'match pathlimit as' */
-struct route_map_rule_cmd route_match_pathlimit_as_cmd =
-{
-  "pathlimit as",
-  route_match_pathlimit_as,
-  route_pathlimit_compile,
-  route_pathlimit_free
-};
-
-/* Set pathlimit TTL. */
-static route_map_result_t
-route_set_pathlimit_ttl (void *rule, struct prefix *prefix,
-		         route_map_object_t type, void *object)
-{
-  struct bgp_info *info = object;
-  struct attr *attr = info->attr;
-  u_char ttl = *(uint32_t *)rule;
-
-  if (type == RMAP_BGP)
-    {
-      attr->flag |= ATTR_FLAG_BIT (BGP_ATTR_AS_PATHLIMIT);
-      attr->pathlimit.ttl = ttl;
-      attr->pathlimit.as = 0;
-    }
-
-  return RMAP_OKAY;
-}
-
-/* Set local preference rule structure. */
-struct route_map_rule_cmd route_set_pathlimit_ttl_cmd =
-{
-  "pathlimit ttl",
-  route_set_pathlimit_ttl,
-  route_pathlimit_compile,
-  route_pathlimit_free,
-};
-
  /* 'match peer (A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X)' */
 
 /* Compares the peer specified in the 'match peer' clause with the peer
@@ -3846,17 +3754,17 @@ ALIAS (no_set_originator_id,
        "BGP originator ID attribute\n"
        "IP address of originator\n")
 
-DEFUN (set_pathlimit_ttl,
+DEFUN_DEPRECATED (set_pathlimit_ttl,
        set_pathlimit_ttl_cmd,
        "set pathlimit ttl <1-255>",
        SET_STR
        "BGP AS-Pathlimit attribute\n"
        "Set AS-Path Hop-count TTL\n")
 {
-  return bgp_route_set_add (vty, vty->index, "pathlimit ttl", argv[0]);
+  return CMD_SUCCESS ;
 }
 
-DEFUN (no_set_pathlimit_ttl,
+DEFUN_DEPRECATED (no_set_pathlimit_ttl,
        no_set_pathlimit_ttl_cmd,
        "no set pathlimit ttl",
        NO_STR
@@ -3864,10 +3772,7 @@ DEFUN (no_set_pathlimit_ttl,
        "BGP AS-Pathlimit attribute\n"
        "Set AS-Path Hop-count TTL\n")
 {
-  if (argc == 0)
-    return bgp_route_set_delete (vty, vty->index, "pathlimit ttl", NULL);
-
-  return bgp_route_set_delete (vty, vty->index, "pathlimit ttl", argv[0]);
+  return CMD_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 ALIAS (no_set_pathlimit_ttl,
@@ -3878,17 +3783,17 @@ ALIAS (no_set_pathlimit_ttl,
        "BGP AS-Pathlimit attribute\n"
        "Set AS-Path Hop-count TTL\n")
 
-DEFUN (match_pathlimit_as,
+DEFUN_DEPRECATED (match_pathlimit_as,
        match_pathlimit_as_cmd,
        "match pathlimit as <1-65535>",
        MATCH_STR
        "BGP AS-Pathlimit attribute\n"
        "Match Pathlimit AS number\n")
 {
-  return bgp_route_match_add (vty, vty->index, "pathlimit as", argv[0]);
+  return CMD_SUCCESS ;
 }
 
-DEFUN (no_match_pathlimit_as,
+DEFUN_DEPRECATED (no_match_pathlimit_as,
        no_match_pathlimit_as_cmd,
        "no match pathlimit as",
        NO_STR
@@ -3896,10 +3801,7 @@ DEFUN (no_match_pathlimit_as,
        "BGP AS-Pathlimit attribute\n"
        "Match Pathlimit AS number\n")
 {
-  if (argc == 0)
-    return bgp_route_match_delete (vty, vty->index, "pathlimit as", NULL);
-
-  return bgp_route_match_delete (vty, vty->index, "pathlimit as", argv[0]);
+  return CMD_SUCCESS ;
 }
 
 ALIAS (no_match_pathlimit_as,
@@ -4066,10 +3968,9 @@ bgp_route_map_init (void)
   install_element (RMAP_NODE, &no_set_ipv6_nexthop_local_val_cmd);
 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
 
-  /* AS-Pathlimit */
-  route_map_install_match (&route_match_pathlimit_as_cmd);
-  route_map_install_set (&route_set_pathlimit_ttl_cmd);
-
+  /* AS-Pathlimit: functionality removed, commands kept for
+   * compatibility.
+   */
   install_element (RMAP_NODE, &set_pathlimit_ttl_cmd);
   install_element (RMAP_NODE, &no_set_pathlimit_ttl_cmd);
   install_element (RMAP_NODE, &no_set_pathlimit_ttl_val_cmd);
diff --git a/bgpd/bgp_snmp.c b/bgpd/bgp_snmp.c
index f35b9d81..eaa41e6c 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgp_snmp.c
+++ b/bgpd/bgp_snmp.c
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ bgpPeerTable (struct variable *v, oid name[], size_t *length,
       if (peer->uptime == 0)
 	return SNMP_INTEGER (0);
       else
-	return SNMP_INTEGER (time (NULL) - peer->uptime);
+	return SNMP_INTEGER (bgp_clock () - peer->uptime);
       break;
     case BGPPEERCONNECTRETRYINTERVAL:
       *write_method = write_bgpPeerTable;
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ bgpPeerTable (struct variable *v, oid name[], size_t *length,
       if (stats.update_time == 0)
 	return SNMP_INTEGER (0);
       else
-	return SNMP_INTEGER (time (NULL) - stats.update_time);
+	return SNMP_INTEGER (bgp_clock () - stats.update_time);
       break;
     default:
       return NULL;
@@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ bgpTrapEstablished (struct peer *peer)
   smux_trap (bgp_oid, sizeof bgp_oid / sizeof (oid),
 	     index, IN_ADDR_SIZE,
 	     bgpTrapList, sizeof bgpTrapList / sizeof (struct trap_object),
-	     bm->start_time - time (NULL), BGPESTABLISHED);
+	     bm->start_time - bgp_clock (), BGPESTABLISHED);
 }
 
 void
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ bgpTrapBackwardTransition (struct peer *peer)
   smux_trap (bgp_oid, sizeof bgp_oid / sizeof (oid),
 	     index, IN_ADDR_SIZE,
 	     bgpTrapList, sizeof bgpTrapList / sizeof (struct trap_object),
-	     bm->start_time - time (NULL), BGPBACKWARDTRANSITION);
+	     bm->start_time - bgp_clock (), BGPBACKWARDTRANSITION);
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/bgpd/bgp_table.c b/bgpd/bgp_table.c
index a2581e3c..5d1ebf3d 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgp_table.c
+++ b/bgpd/bgp_table.c
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
 
 static void bgp_node_delete (struct bgp_node *);
 static void bgp_table_free (struct bgp_table *);
-
+
 struct bgp_table *
 bgp_table_init (afi_t afi, safi_t safi)
 {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ bgp_table_init (afi_t afi, safi_t safi)
   rt->type = BGP_TABLE_MAIN;
   rt->afi = afi;
   rt->safi = safi;
-  
+
   return rt;
 }
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ static struct bgp_node *
 bgp_node_set (struct bgp_table *table, struct prefix *prefix)
 {
   struct bgp_node *node;
-  
+
   node = bgp_node_create ();
 
   prefix_copy (&node->p, prefix);
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ bgp_table_free (struct bgp_table *rt)
 {
   struct bgp_node *tmp_node;
   struct bgp_node *node;
- 
+
   if (rt == NULL)
     return;
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ bgp_table_free (struct bgp_table *rt)
 	  break;
 	}
     }
- 
+
   assert (rt->count == 0);
 
   if (rt->owner)
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ bgp_table_free (struct bgp_table *rt)
 }
 
 /* Utility mask array. */
-static u_char maskbit[] = 
+static const u_char maskbit[] =
 {
   0x00, 0x80, 0xc0, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0xf8, 0xfc, 0xfe, 0xff
 };
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ bgp_node_match (const struct bgp_table *table, struct prefix *p)
 
   /* Walk down tree.  If there is matched route then store it to
      matched. */
-  while (node && node->p.prefixlen <= p->prefixlen && 
+  while (node && node->p.prefixlen <= p->prefixlen &&
 	 prefix_match (&node->p, p))
     {
       if (node->info)
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ bgp_node_lookup (const struct bgp_table *table, struct prefix *p)
 
   node = table->top;
 
-  while (node && node->p.prefixlen <= p->prefixlen && 
+  while (node && node->p.prefixlen <= p->prefixlen &&
 	 prefix_match (&node->p, p))
     {
       if (node->p.prefixlen == p->prefixlen && node->info)
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ bgp_node_get (struct bgp_table *const table, struct prefix *p)
 
   match = NULL;
   node = table->top;
-  while (node && node->p.prefixlen <= p->prefixlen && 
+  while (node && node->p.prefixlen <= p->prefixlen &&
 	 prefix_match (&node->p, p))
     {
       if (node->p.prefixlen == p->prefixlen)
@@ -358,7 +358,6 @@ bgp_node_get (struct bgp_table *const table, struct prefix *p)
       if (new->p.prefixlen != p->prefixlen)
 	{
 	  match = new;
-	  bgp_lock_node (match);
 	  new = bgp_node_set (table, p);
 	  set_link (match, new);
 	  table->count++;
@@ -366,7 +365,7 @@ bgp_node_get (struct bgp_table *const table, struct prefix *p)
     }
   table->count++;
   bgp_lock_node (new);
-  
+
   return new;
 }
 
@@ -403,9 +402,9 @@ bgp_node_delete (struct bgp_node *node)
     }
   else
     node->table->top = child;
-  
+
   node->table->count--;
-  
+
   bgp_node_free (node);
 
   /* If parent node is stub then delete it also. */
diff --git a/bgpd/bgp_vty.c b/bgpd/bgp_vty.c
index 25287a85..735bf639 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgp_vty.c
+++ b/bgpd/bgp_vty.c
@@ -6926,6 +6926,16 @@ DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_ipv4_summary,
   return bgp_show_summary_vty (vty, NULL, AFI_IP, SAFI_UNICAST);
 }
 
+ALIAS (show_ip_bgp_ipv4_summary,
+       show_bgp_ipv4_safi_summary_cmd,
+       "show bgp ipv4 (unicast|multicast) summary",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Summary of BGP neighbor status\n")
+
 DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_instance_ipv4_summary,
        show_ip_bgp_instance_ipv4_summary_cmd,
        "show ip bgp view WORD ipv4 (unicast|multicast) summary",
@@ -6945,6 +6955,18 @@ DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_instance_ipv4_summary,
     return bgp_show_summary_vty (vty, argv[0], AFI_IP, SAFI_UNICAST);
 }
 
+ALIAS (show_ip_bgp_instance_ipv4_summary,
+       show_bgp_instance_ipv4_safi_summary_cmd,
+       "show bgp view WORD ipv4 (unicast|multicast) summary",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "BGP view\n"
+       "View name\n"
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Summary of BGP neighbor status\n")
+
 DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_all_summary,
        show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_all_summary_cmd,
        "show ip bgp vpnv4 all summary",
@@ -7023,6 +7045,40 @@ ALIAS (show_bgp_instance_summary,
        "Address family\n"
        "Summary of BGP neighbor status\n")
 
+DEFUN (show_bgp_ipv6_safi_summary,
+       show_bgp_ipv6_safi_summary_cmd,
+       "show bgp ipv6 (unicast|multicast) summary",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Summary of BGP neighbor status\n")
+{
+  if (strncmp (argv[0], "m", 1) == 0)
+    return bgp_show_summary_vty (vty, NULL, AFI_IP6, SAFI_MULTICAST);
+
+  return bgp_show_summary_vty (vty, NULL, AFI_IP6, SAFI_UNICAST);
+}
+
+DEFUN (show_bgp_instance_ipv6_safi_summary,
+       show_bgp_instance_ipv6_safi_summary_cmd,
+       "show bgp view WORD ipv6 (unicast|multicast) summary",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "BGP view\n"
+       "View name\n"
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Summary of BGP neighbor status\n")
+{
+  if (strncmp (argv[1], "m", 1) == 0)
+    return bgp_show_summary_vty (vty, argv[0], AFI_IP6, SAFI_MULTICAST);
+
+  return bgp_show_summary_vty (vty, argv[0], AFI_IP6, SAFI_UNICAST);
+}
+
 /* old command */
 DEFUN (show_ipv6_bgp_summary,
        show_ipv6_bgp_summary_cmd,
@@ -8241,6 +8297,41 @@ DEFUN (show_ip_bgp_instance_ipv4_rsclient_summary,
   return bgp_show_rsclient_summary_vty (vty, argv[0], AFI_IP, SAFI_UNICAST);
 }
 
+DEFUN (show_bgp_instance_ipv4_safi_rsclient_summary,
+       show_bgp_instance_ipv4_safi_rsclient_summary_cmd,
+       "show bgp view WORD ipv4 (unicast|multicast) rsclient summary",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "BGP view\n"
+       "View name\n"
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Information about Route Server Clients\n"
+       "Summary of all Route Server Clients\n")
+{
+  safi_t safi;
+
+  if (argc == 2) {
+    safi = (strncmp (argv[1], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+    return bgp_show_rsclient_summary_vty (vty, argv[0], AFI_IP, safi);
+  } else {
+    safi = (strncmp (argv[0], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+    return bgp_show_rsclient_summary_vty (vty, NULL, AFI_IP, safi);
+  }
+}
+
+ALIAS (show_bgp_instance_ipv4_safi_rsclient_summary,
+       show_bgp_ipv4_safi_rsclient_summary_cmd,
+       "show bgp ipv4 (unicast|multicast) rsclient summary",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Information about Route Server Clients\n"
+       "Summary of all Route Server Clients\n")
+
 #ifdef HAVE_IPV6
 DEFUN (show_bgp_rsclient_summary,
        show_bgp_rsclient_summary_cmd,
@@ -8285,6 +8376,42 @@ ALIAS (show_bgp_instance_rsclient_summary,
        "Address family\n"
        "Information about Route Server Clients\n"
        "Summary of all Route Server Clients\n")
+
+DEFUN (show_bgp_instance_ipv6_safi_rsclient_summary,
+       show_bgp_instance_ipv6_safi_rsclient_summary_cmd,
+       "show bgp view WORD ipv6 (unicast|multicast) rsclient summary",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "BGP view\n"
+       "View name\n"
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Information about Route Server Clients\n"
+       "Summary of all Route Server Clients\n")
+{
+  safi_t safi;
+
+  if (argc == 2) {
+    safi = (strncmp (argv[1], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+    return bgp_show_rsclient_summary_vty (vty, argv[0], AFI_IP6, safi);
+  } else {
+    safi = (strncmp (argv[0], "m", 1) == 0) ? SAFI_MULTICAST : SAFI_UNICAST;
+    return bgp_show_rsclient_summary_vty (vty, NULL, AFI_IP6, safi);
+  }
+}
+
+ALIAS (show_bgp_instance_ipv6_safi_rsclient_summary,
+       show_bgp_ipv6_safi_rsclient_summary_cmd,
+       "show bgp ipv6 (unicast|multicast) rsclient summary",
+       SHOW_STR
+       BGP_STR
+       "Address family\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Address Family modifier\n"
+       "Information about Route Server Clients\n"
+       "Summary of all Route Server Clients\n")
+
 #endif /* HAVE IPV6 */
 
 /* Redistribute VTY commands.  */
@@ -9831,38 +9958,50 @@ bgp_vty_init (void)
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_summary_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_instance_summary_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_summary_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_instance_ipv4_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv4_safi_summary_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_all_summary_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_rd_summary_cmd);
 #ifdef HAVE_IPV6
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_summary_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_summary_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_summary_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv6_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv6_safi_summary_cmd);
 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_summary_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_instance_summary_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_summary_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_instance_ipv4_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv4_safi_summary_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_all_summary_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_rd_summary_cmd);
 #ifdef HAVE_IPV6
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_summary_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_summary_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_summary_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv6_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv6_safi_summary_cmd);
 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_summary_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_instance_summary_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_summary_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_instance_ipv4_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv4_safi_summary_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_all_summary_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_vpnv4_rd_summary_cmd);
 #ifdef HAVE_IPV6
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_summary_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_summary_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_summary_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv6_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv6_safi_summary_cmd);
 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
 
   /* "show ip bgp neighbors" commands. */
@@ -9926,28 +10065,40 @@ bgp_vty_init (void)
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_instance_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_instance_ipv4_rsclient_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv4_safi_rsclient_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_instance_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_instance_ipv4_rsclient_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv4_safi_rsclient_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_instance_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_ipv4_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_ip_bgp_instance_ipv4_rsclient_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv4_safi_rsclient_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv4_safi_rsclient_summary_cmd);
 
 #ifdef HAVE_IPV6
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv6_rsclient_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv6_safi_rsclient_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv6_rsclient_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv6_safi_rsclient_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_rsclient_summary_cmd);
   install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv6_rsclient_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_instance_ipv6_safi_rsclient_summary_cmd);
+  install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_bgp_ipv6_safi_rsclient_summary_cmd);
 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
 
   /* "show ip bgp paths" commands. */
@@ -10031,7 +10182,7 @@ community_list_perror (struct vty *vty, int ret)
   switch (ret)
     {
     case COMMUNITY_LIST_ERR_CANT_FIND_LIST:
-      vty_out (vty, "%% Can't find communit-list%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
+      vty_out (vty, "%% Can't find community-list%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
       break;
     case COMMUNITY_LIST_ERR_MALFORMED_VAL:
       vty_out (vty, "%% Malformed community-list value%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
diff --git a/bgpd/bgpd.c b/bgpd/bgpd.c
index 79aad2cb..ea914022 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgpd.c
+++ b/bgpd/bgpd.c
@@ -3909,8 +3909,10 @@ peer_clear_soft (struct peer *peer, afi_t afi, safi_t safi,
   return 0;
 }
 
-/* Display peer uptime.*/
-/* XXX: why does this function return char * when it takes buffer? */
+/* Display peer uptime.
+ *
+ * Note that this is a time period -- not an actual time.
+ */
 char *
 peer_uptime (time_t uptime2, char *buf, size_t len)
 {
@@ -3934,8 +3936,7 @@ peer_uptime (time_t uptime2, char *buf, size_t len)
     }
 
   /* Get current time. */
-  uptime1 = time (NULL);
-  uptime1 -= uptime2;
+  uptime1 = bgp_clock () - uptime2;
   tm = gmtime (&uptime1);
 
   /* Making formatted timer strings. */
@@ -4629,7 +4630,7 @@ bgp_master_init (void)
   bm->bgp        = list_new ();
   bm->master     = thread_master_create ();
   bm->port       = BGP_PORT_DEFAULT;
-  bm->start_time = time (NULL);
+  bm->start_time = bgp_clock ();
 
   /* Implicitly:
    *
diff --git a/bgpd/bgpd.h b/bgpd/bgpd.h
index ee8efa1b..f6e12fb4 100644
--- a/bgpd/bgpd.h
+++ b/bgpd/bgpd.h
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
 #include "bgpd/bgp_peer.h"
 
 #include "plist.h"
+#include "qtime.h"
 
 /* For union sockunion.  */
 #include "sockunion.h"
@@ -401,6 +402,9 @@ enum bgp_clear_type
 #define BGP_ERR_PEER_EXISTS                     -30
 #define BGP_ERR_MAX                             -31
 
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Globals.
+ */
 extern struct bgp_master *bm;
 
 extern struct thread_master *master;
@@ -409,7 +413,46 @@ extern qpn_nexus cli_nexus;
 extern qpn_nexus bgp_nexus;
 extern qpn_nexus routing_nexus;
 
-/* Prototypes. */
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * For many purposes BGP requires a CLOCK_MONOTONIC type time, in seconds.
+ */
+Inline time_t
+bgp_clock(void)
+{
+  return qt_get_mono_secs() ;
+}
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * For some purposes BGP requires a Wall Clock version of a time returned by
+ * bgp_clock() above.
+ *
+ * This is calculated from the current Wall Clock, the current bgp_clock and
+ * the bgp_clock time of some moment in the past.
+ *
+ * The fundamental problem is that the Wall Clock *may* (just may) be altered
+ * by the operator or automatically, if the system clock is wrong.  So there
+ * are, potentially, two versions of a past moment:
+ *
+ *   1) according to the Wall Clock at the time.
+ *
+ *   2) according to the Wall Clock now.
+ *
+ * There doesn't seem to be a good way of selecting between these if they are
+ * different... Here we take (2), which (a) doesn't require us to fetch and
+ * store both bgp_clock() and Wall Clock times every time we record the time
+ * of some event, and (b) assumes that if the Wall Clock has been adjusted,
+ * it was wrong before.  This can still cause confusion, because the Wall
+ * Clock time calculated now may differ from any logged Wall Clock times !!
+ */
+Inline time_t
+bgp_wall_clock(time_t bgp_time)
+{
+  return time(NULL) + (bgp_time - bgp_clock()) ;
+} ;
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Prototypes.
+ */
 extern void bgp_terminate (int, int);
 extern void bgp_reset (void);
 
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 7190557e..596336b6 100755
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 ## $Id$
 AC_PREREQ(2.53)
 
-AC_INIT(Quagga, 0.99.15ex12, [http://bugzilla.quagga.net])
+AC_INIT(Quagga, 0.99.18ex14, [http://bugzilla.quagga.net])
 AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR(lib/zebra.h)
 AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIR([m4])
 
@@ -220,15 +220,14 @@ AC_ARG_WITH(libpam,
 AC_ARG_ENABLE(tcp-zebra,
 [  --enable-tcp-zebra      enable TCP/IP socket connection between zebra and protocol daemon])
 AC_ARG_ENABLE(opaque-lsa,
-[  --enable-opaque-lsa     enable OSPF Opaque-LSA with OSPFAPI support (RFC2370)])
+  AC_HELP_STRING([--disable-opaque-lsa],[do not build OSPF Opaque-LSA with OSPFAPI support (RFC2370)]))
 AC_ARG_ENABLE(ospfapi,
-[  --disable-ospfapi       do not build OSPFAPI to access the OSPF LSA Database, 
-                          (this is the default if --enable-opaque-lsa is not set)])
+[  --disable-ospfapi       do not build OSPFAPI to access the OSPF LSA Database])
 AC_ARG_ENABLE(ospfclient,
 [  --disable-ospfclient    do not build OSPFAPI client for OSPFAPI, 
                           (this is the default if --disable-ospfapi is set)])
 AC_ARG_ENABLE(ospf-te,
-[  --enable-ospf-te        enable Traffic Engineering Extension to OSPF])
+  AC_HELP_STRING([--disable-ospf-te],[disable Traffic Engineering Extension to OSPF]))
 AC_ARG_ENABLE(multipath,
 [  --enable-multipath=ARG  enable multipath function, ARG must be digit])
 AC_ARG_ENABLE(user,
@@ -293,11 +292,11 @@ if test "${enable_tcp_zebra}" = "yes"; then
   AC_DEFINE(HAVE_TCP_ZEBRA,,Use TCP for zebra communication)
 fi
 
-if test "${enable_opaque_lsa}" = "yes"; then
+if test "${enable_opaque_lsa}" != "no"; then
   AC_DEFINE(HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA,,OSPF Opaque LSA)
 fi
 
-if test "${enable_ospf_te}" = "yes"; then
+if test "${enable_ospf_te}" != "no"; then
   AC_DEFINE(HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA,,OSPF Opaque LSA)
   AC_DEFINE(HAVE_OSPF_TE,,OSPF TE)
 fi
@@ -783,15 +782,18 @@ AC_SUBST(OTHER_METHOD)
 dnl --------------------------
 dnl Determine IS-IS I/O method
 dnl --------------------------
+AC_DEFINE(ISIS_METHOD_PFPACKET,	1, [ constant value for isis method pfpacket ])
+AC_DEFINE(ISIS_METHOD_DLPI,	2, [ constant value for isis method dlpi ])
+AC_DEFINE(ISIS_METHOD_BPF,	3, [ constant value for isis method bpf ])
 AC_CHECK_HEADER(net/bpf.h)
 AC_CHECK_HEADER(sys/dlpi.h)
 AC_MSG_CHECKING(zebra IS-IS I/O method)
 if test x"$opsys" = x"gnu-linux"; then
   AC_MSG_RESULT(pfpacket)
-  ISIS_METHOD=isis_pfpacket.o
+  ISIS_METHOD_MACRO="ISIS_METHOD_PFPACKET"
 elif test x"$opsys" = x"sol2-6" -o x"$opsys" = x"sol8"; then
   AC_MSG_RESULT(DLPI)
-  ISIS_METHOD="isis_dlpi.o"
+  ISIS_METHOD_MACRO="ISIS_METHOD_DLPI"
 else
   if test $ac_cv_header_net_bpf_h = no; then
     if test $ac_cv_header_sys_dlpi_h = no; then
@@ -801,13 +803,13 @@ else
     else
       AC_MSG_RESULT(DLPI)
     fi
-    ISIS_METHOD="isis_dlpi.o"
+    ISIS_METHOD_MACRO="ISIS_METHOD_DLPI"
   else
     AC_MSG_RESULT(BPF)
-    ISIS_METHOD="isis_bpf.o"
+    ISIS_METHOD_MACRO="ISIS_METHOD_BPF"
   fi
 fi
-AC_SUBST(ISIS_METHOD)
+AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(ISIS_METHOD, $ISIS_METHOD_MACRO, [ selected method for isis, == one of the constants ])
 
 dnl ------------------------------------
 dnl check for broken CMSG_FIRSTHDR macro
@@ -1199,7 +1201,7 @@ else
 fi
 
 OSPFCLIENT=""
-if test "${enable_opaque_lsa}" = "yes"; then
+if test "${enable_opaque_lsa}" != "no"; then
   if test "${enable_ospfapi}" != "no";then
     AC_DEFINE(SUPPORT_OSPF_API,,OSPFAPI)
 
diff --git a/doc/.gitignore b/doc/.gitignore
index ed527fcb..5071f987 100644
--- a/doc/.gitignore
+++ b/doc/.gitignore
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ quagga.info-*
 zebra.html
 defines.texi
 version.texi
+texinfo.tex
 quagga.html
 quagga.info
 *.pdf
diff --git a/doc/bgpd.texi b/doc/bgpd.texi
index bdfd6e4c..e7463300 100644
--- a/doc/bgpd.texi
+++ b/doc/bgpd.texi
@@ -149,29 +149,6 @@ routes if they aren't present in their IGP routing tables; @code{bgpd}
 doesn't care about IGP routes when announcing its routes.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {BGP} {network @var{A.B.C.D/M} pathlimit <0-255>} {}
-This command configures a route to be originated into BGP, just as with the
-previous command, but additionally sets an AS-Pathlimit TTL to be advertised
-on the route. See draft-ietf-idr-as-pathlimit.
-
-Specifying a TTL of 0 can be used to remove pathlimit from a previously
-configured network statement.
-
-Note that when advertising prefixes with AS-Pathlimit set, all less-specific
-prefixes advertised SHOULD also have the Atomic-Aggregate attribute set.
-Failure to do so increases the risks of accidental routing loops occuring.
-
-This implementation will try to automatically set Atomic-Aggregate as
-appropriate on any less-specific prefixes originated by the same speaker,
-however it will not (and often can not) do so where @b{other} speakers in
-the AS are originating more specifics.
-
-Hence the system administrator must take care to ensure that all
-less-specific prefixes originated carry atomic-aggregate as appropriate, by
-manually configuring speakers originating less-specifics to set
-Atomic-Aggregate on those advertisements!
-@end deffn
-
 @deffn {BGP} {no network @var{A.B.C.D/M}} {}
 @end deffn
 
@@ -1106,7 +1083,7 @@ Cisco compatible BGP configuration output.
 When bgp config-type cisco is specified, 
 
 ``no synchronization'' is displayed.
-``no auto-summary'' is desplayed.
+``no auto-summary'' is displayed.
 
 ``network'' and ``aggregate-address'' argument is displayed as
 ``A.B.C.D M.M.M.M''
diff --git a/doc/main.texi b/doc/main.texi
index 9966b356..a5759137 100644
--- a/doc/main.texi
+++ b/doc/main.texi
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ Up or down the current interface.
 @end deffn
 
 @deffn {Interface Command} {ip address @var{address/prefix}} {}
-@deffnx {Interface Command} {ip6 address @var{address/prefix}} {}
+@deffnx {Interface Command} {ipv6 address @var{address/prefix}} {}
 @deffnx {Interface Command} {no ip address @var{address/prefix}} {}
-@deffnx {Interface Command} {no ip6 address @var{address/prefix}} {}
+@deffnx {Interface Command} {no ipv6 address @var{address/prefix}} {}
 Set the IPv4 or IPv6 address/prefix for the interface.
 @end deffn
 
diff --git a/doc/routemap.texi b/doc/routemap.texi
index 9ac001c4..db3e72d2 100644
--- a/doc/routemap.texi
+++ b/doc/routemap.texi
@@ -155,10 +155,6 @@ Matches the specified @var{metric}.
 Matches the specified  @var{community_list}
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Route-map Command} {match pathlimit as @var{ASN}} {}
-Matches the specified AS-Pathlimit @var{ASN}.
-@end deffn
-
 @node Route Map Set Command
 @section Route Map Set Command
 
@@ -194,16 +190,6 @@ Set the BGP-4+ global IPv6 nexthop address.
 Set the BGP-4+ link local IPv6 nexthop address.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Route-map Command} {set pathlimit ttl @var{ttl}} {}
-Sets the specified AS-Pathlimit @var{ttl} on the route. This will also cause
-the AS to be set to the local AS. 
-
-Note that the AS-Pathlimit RFC specifies that speakers advertising this
-attribute should set Atomic-aggregate on all less specific routes. Setting
-AS-Pathlimit by route-map does not do this, the user must do so themselves,
-as they wish. 
-@end deffn
-
 @node Route Map Call Command
 @section Route Map Call Command
 
diff --git a/doc/texinfo.tex b/doc/texinfo.tex
index 58bea4dd..19501744 100644..120000
--- a/doc/texinfo.tex
+++ b/doc/texinfo.tex
@@ -1,7086 +1 @@
-% texinfo.tex -- TeX macros to handle Texinfo files.
-%
-% Load plain if necessary, i.e., if running under initex.
-\expandafter\ifx\csname fmtname\endcsname\relax\input plain\fi
-%
-\def\texinfoversion{2005-01-30.17}
-%
-% Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995,
-% 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software
-% Foundation, Inc.
-%
-% This texinfo.tex file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-% modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
-% published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
-% your option) any later version.
-%
-% This texinfo.tex file is distributed in the hope that it will be
-% useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty
-% of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-% General Public License for more details.
-%
-% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-% along with this texinfo.tex file; see the file COPYING.  If not, write
-% to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
-% Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
-%
-% As a special exception, when this file is read by TeX when processing
-% a Texinfo source document, you may use the result without
-% restriction.  (This has been our intent since Texinfo was invented.)
-%
-% Please try the latest version of texinfo.tex before submitting bug
-% reports; you can get the latest version from:
-%   http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ (the Texinfo home page), or
-%   ftp://tug.org/tex/texinfo.tex
-%     (and all CTAN mirrors, see http://www.ctan.org).
-% The texinfo.tex in any given distribution could well be out
-% of date, so if that's what you're using, please check.
-%
-% Send bug reports to bug-texinfo@gnu.org.  Please include including a
-% complete document in each bug report with which we can reproduce the
-% problem.  Patches are, of course, greatly appreciated.
-%
-% To process a Texinfo manual with TeX, it's most reliable to use the
-% texi2dvi shell script that comes with the distribution.  For a simple
-% manual foo.texi, however, you can get away with this:
-%   tex foo.texi
-%   texindex foo.??
-%   tex foo.texi
-%   tex foo.texi
-%   dvips foo.dvi -o  # or whatever; this makes foo.ps.
-% The extra TeX runs get the cross-reference information correct.
-% Sometimes one run after texindex suffices, and sometimes you need more
-% than two; texi2dvi does it as many times as necessary.
-%
-% It is possible to adapt texinfo.tex for other languages, to some
-% extent.  You can get the existing language-specific files from the
-% full Texinfo distribution.
-%
-% The GNU Texinfo home page is http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo.
-
-
-\message{Loading texinfo [version \texinfoversion]:}
-
-% If in a .fmt file, print the version number
-% and turn on active characters that we couldn't do earlier because
-% they might have appeared in the input file name.
-\everyjob{\message{[Texinfo version \texinfoversion]}%
-  \catcode`+=\active \catcode`\_=\active}
-
-\message{Basics,}
-\chardef\other=12
-
-% We never want plain's \outer definition of \+ in Texinfo.
-% For @tex, we can use \tabalign.
-\let\+ = \relax
-
-% Save some plain tex macros whose names we will redefine.
-\let\ptexb=\b
-\let\ptexbullet=\bullet
-\let\ptexc=\c
-\let\ptexcomma=\,
-\let\ptexdot=\.
-\let\ptexdots=\dots
-\let\ptexend=\end
-\let\ptexequiv=\equiv
-\let\ptexexclam=\!
-\let\ptexfootnote=\footnote
-\let\ptexgtr=>
-\let\ptexhat=^
-\let\ptexi=\i
-\let\ptexindent=\indent
-\let\ptexinsert=\insert
-\let\ptexlbrace=\{
-\let\ptexless=<
-\let\ptexnewwrite\newwrite
-\let\ptexnoindent=\noindent
-\let\ptexplus=+
-\let\ptexrbrace=\}
-\let\ptexslash=\/
-\let\ptexstar=\*
-\let\ptext=\t
-
-% If this character appears in an error message or help string, it
-% starts a new line in the output.
-\newlinechar = `^^J
-
-% Use TeX 3.0's \inputlineno to get the line number, for better error
-% messages, but if we're using an old version of TeX, don't do anything.
-%
-\ifx\inputlineno\thisisundefined
-  \let\linenumber = \empty % Pre-3.0.
-\else
-  \def\linenumber{l.\the\inputlineno:\space}
-\fi
-
-% Set up fixed words for English if not already set.
-\ifx\putwordAppendix\undefined  \gdef\putwordAppendix{Appendix}\fi
-\ifx\putwordChapter\undefined   \gdef\putwordChapter{Chapter}\fi
-\ifx\putwordfile\undefined      \gdef\putwordfile{file}\fi
-\ifx\putwordin\undefined        \gdef\putwordin{in}\fi
-\ifx\putwordIndexIsEmpty\undefined     \gdef\putwordIndexIsEmpty{(Index is empty)}\fi
-\ifx\putwordIndexNonexistent\undefined \gdef\putwordIndexNonexistent{(Index is nonexistent)}\fi
-\ifx\putwordInfo\undefined      \gdef\putwordInfo{Info}\fi
-\ifx\putwordInstanceVariableof\undefined \gdef\putwordInstanceVariableof{Instance Variable of}\fi
-\ifx\putwordMethodon\undefined  \gdef\putwordMethodon{Method on}\fi
-\ifx\putwordNoTitle\undefined   \gdef\putwordNoTitle{No Title}\fi
-\ifx\putwordof\undefined        \gdef\putwordof{of}\fi
-\ifx\putwordon\undefined        \gdef\putwordon{on}\fi
-\ifx\putwordpage\undefined      \gdef\putwordpage{page}\fi
-\ifx\putwordsection\undefined   \gdef\putwordsection{section}\fi
-\ifx\putwordSection\undefined   \gdef\putwordSection{Section}\fi
-\ifx\putwordsee\undefined       \gdef\putwordsee{see}\fi
-\ifx\putwordSee\undefined       \gdef\putwordSee{See}\fi
-\ifx\putwordShortTOC\undefined  \gdef\putwordShortTOC{Short Contents}\fi
-\ifx\putwordTOC\undefined       \gdef\putwordTOC{Table of Contents}\fi
-%
-\ifx\putwordMJan\undefined \gdef\putwordMJan{January}\fi
-\ifx\putwordMFeb\undefined \gdef\putwordMFeb{February}\fi
-\ifx\putwordMMar\undefined \gdef\putwordMMar{March}\fi
-\ifx\putwordMApr\undefined \gdef\putwordMApr{April}\fi
-\ifx\putwordMMay\undefined \gdef\putwordMMay{May}\fi
-\ifx\putwordMJun\undefined \gdef\putwordMJun{June}\fi
-\ifx\putwordMJul\undefined \gdef\putwordMJul{July}\fi
-\ifx\putwordMAug\undefined \gdef\putwordMAug{August}\fi
-\ifx\putwordMSep\undefined \gdef\putwordMSep{September}\fi
-\ifx\putwordMOct\undefined \gdef\putwordMOct{October}\fi
-\ifx\putwordMNov\undefined \gdef\putwordMNov{November}\fi
-\ifx\putwordMDec\undefined \gdef\putwordMDec{December}\fi
-%
-\ifx\putwordDefmac\undefined    \gdef\putwordDefmac{Macro}\fi
-\ifx\putwordDefspec\undefined   \gdef\putwordDefspec{Special Form}\fi
-\ifx\putwordDefvar\undefined    \gdef\putwordDefvar{Variable}\fi
-\ifx\putwordDefopt\undefined    \gdef\putwordDefopt{User Option}\fi
-\ifx\putwordDeffunc\undefined   \gdef\putwordDeffunc{Function}\fi
-
-% In some macros, we cannot use the `\? notation---the left quote is
-% in some cases the escape char.
-\chardef\colonChar = `\:
-\chardef\commaChar = `\,
-\chardef\dotChar   = `\.
-\chardef\exclamChar= `\!
-\chardef\questChar = `\?
-\chardef\semiChar  = `\;
-\chardef\underChar = `\_
-
-\chardef\spaceChar = `\ %
-\chardef\spacecat = 10
-\def\spaceisspace{\catcode\spaceChar=\spacecat}
-
-% Ignore a token.
-%
-\def\gobble#1{}
-
-% The following is used inside several \edef's.
-\def\makecsname#1{\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname}
-
-% Hyphenation fixes.
-\hyphenation{
-  Flor-i-da Ghost-script Ghost-view Mac-OS Post-Script
-  ap-pen-dix bit-map bit-maps
-  data-base data-bases eshell fall-ing half-way long-est man-u-script
-  man-u-scripts mini-buf-fer mini-buf-fers over-view par-a-digm
-  par-a-digms rath-er rec-tan-gu-lar ro-bot-ics se-vere-ly set-up spa-ces
-  spell-ing spell-ings
-  stand-alone strong-est time-stamp time-stamps which-ever white-space
-  wide-spread wrap-around
-}
-
-% Margin to add to right of even pages, to left of odd pages.
-\newdimen\bindingoffset
-\newdimen\normaloffset
-\newdimen\pagewidth \newdimen\pageheight
-
-% For a final copy, take out the rectangles
-% that mark overfull boxes (in case you have decided
-% that the text looks ok even though it passes the margin).
-%
-\def\finalout{\overfullrule=0pt}
-
-% @| inserts a changebar to the left of the current line.  It should
-% surround any changed text.  This approach does *not* work if the
-% change spans more than two lines of output.  To handle that, we would
-% have adopt a much more difficult approach (putting marks into the main
-% vertical list for the beginning and end of each change).
-%
-\def\|{%
-  % \vadjust can only be used in horizontal mode.
-  \leavevmode
-  %
-  % Append this vertical mode material after the current line in the output.
-  \vadjust{%
-    % We want to insert a rule with the height and depth of the current
-    % leading; that is exactly what \strutbox is supposed to record.
-    \vskip-\baselineskip
-    %
-    % \vadjust-items are inserted at the left edge of the type.  So
-    % the \llap here moves out into the left-hand margin.
-    \llap{%
-      %
-      % For a thicker or thinner bar, change the `1pt'.
-      \vrule height\baselineskip width1pt
-      %
-      % This is the space between the bar and the text.
-      \hskip 12pt
-    }%
-  }%
-}
-
-% Sometimes it is convenient to have everything in the transcript file
-% and nothing on the terminal.  We don't just call \tracingall here,
-% since that produces some useless output on the terminal.  We also make
-% some effort to order the tracing commands to reduce output in the log
-% file; cf. trace.sty in LaTeX.
-%
-\def\gloggingall{\begingroup \globaldefs = 1 \loggingall \endgroup}%
-\def\loggingall{%
-  \tracingstats2
-  \tracingpages1
-  \tracinglostchars2  % 2 gives us more in etex
-  \tracingparagraphs1
-  \tracingoutput1
-  \tracingmacros2
-  \tracingrestores1
-  \showboxbreadth\maxdimen \showboxdepth\maxdimen
-  \ifx\eTeXversion\undefined\else % etex gives us more logging
-    \tracingscantokens1
-    \tracingifs1
-    \tracinggroups1
-    \tracingnesting2
-    \tracingassigns1
-  \fi
-  \tracingcommands3  % 3 gives us more in etex
-  \errorcontextlines16
-}%
-
-% add check for \lastpenalty to plain's definitions.  If the last thing
-% we did was a \nobreak, we don't want to insert more space.
-%
-\def\smallbreak{\ifnum\lastpenalty<10000\par\ifdim\lastskip<\smallskipamount
-  \removelastskip\penalty-50\smallskip\fi\fi}
-\def\medbreak{\ifnum\lastpenalty<10000\par\ifdim\lastskip<\medskipamount
-  \removelastskip\penalty-100\medskip\fi\fi}
-\def\bigbreak{\ifnum\lastpenalty<10000\par\ifdim\lastskip<\bigskipamount
-  \removelastskip\penalty-200\bigskip\fi\fi}
-
-% For @cropmarks command.
-% Do @cropmarks to get crop marks.
-%
-\newif\ifcropmarks
-\let\cropmarks = \cropmarkstrue
-%
-% Dimensions to add cropmarks at corners.
-% Added by P. A. MacKay, 12 Nov. 1986
-%
-\newdimen\outerhsize \newdimen\outervsize % set by the paper size routines
-\newdimen\cornerlong  \cornerlong=1pc
-\newdimen\cornerthick \cornerthick=.3pt
-\newdimen\topandbottommargin \topandbottommargin=.75in
-
-% Main output routine.
-\chardef\PAGE = 255
-\output = {\onepageout{\pagecontents\PAGE}}
-
-\newbox\headlinebox
-\newbox\footlinebox
-
-% \onepageout takes a vbox as an argument.  Note that \pagecontents
-% does insertions, but you have to call it yourself.
-\def\onepageout#1{%
-  \ifcropmarks \hoffset=0pt \else \hoffset=\normaloffset \fi
-  %
-  \ifodd\pageno  \advance\hoffset by \bindingoffset
-  \else \advance\hoffset by -\bindingoffset\fi
-  %
-  % Do this outside of the \shipout so @code etc. will be expanded in
-  % the headline as they should be, not taken literally (outputting ''code).
-  \setbox\headlinebox = \vbox{\let\hsize=\pagewidth \makeheadline}%
-  \setbox\footlinebox = \vbox{\let\hsize=\pagewidth \makefootline}%
-  %
-  {%
-    % Have to do this stuff outside the \shipout because we want it to
-    % take effect in \write's, yet the group defined by the \vbox ends
-    % before the \shipout runs.
-    %
-    \escapechar = `\\     % use backslash in output files.
-    \indexdummies         % don't expand commands in the output.
-    \normalturnoffactive  % \ in index entries must not stay \, e.g., if
-                   % the page break happens to be in the middle of an example.
-    \shipout\vbox{%
-      % Do this early so pdf references go to the beginning of the page.
-      \ifpdfmakepagedest \pdfdest name{\the\pageno} xyz\fi
-      %
-      \ifcropmarks \vbox to \outervsize\bgroup
-        \hsize = \outerhsize
-        \vskip-\topandbottommargin
-        \vtop to0pt{%
-          \line{\ewtop\hfil\ewtop}%
-          \nointerlineskip
-          \line{%
-            \vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nstop}%
-            \hfill
-            \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nstop}%
-          }%
-          \vss}%
-        \vskip\topandbottommargin
-        \line\bgroup
-          \hfil % center the page within the outer (page) hsize.
-          \ifodd\pageno\hskip\bindingoffset\fi
-          \vbox\bgroup
-      \fi
-      %
-      \unvbox\headlinebox
-      \pagebody{#1}%
-      \ifdim\ht\footlinebox > 0pt
-        % Only leave this space if the footline is nonempty.
-        % (We lessened \vsize for it in \oddfootingxxx.)
-        % The \baselineskip=24pt in plain's \makefootline has no effect.
-        \vskip 2\baselineskip
-        \unvbox\footlinebox
-      \fi
-      %
-      \ifcropmarks
-          \egroup % end of \vbox\bgroup
-        \hfil\egroup % end of (centering) \line\bgroup
-        \vskip\topandbottommargin plus1fill minus1fill
-        \boxmaxdepth = \cornerthick
-        \vbox to0pt{\vss
-          \line{%
-            \vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nsbot}%
-            \hfill
-            \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nsbot}%
-          }%
-          \nointerlineskip
-          \line{\ewbot\hfil\ewbot}%
-        }%
-      \egroup % \vbox from first cropmarks clause
-      \fi
-    }% end of \shipout\vbox
-  }% end of group with \normalturnoffactive
-  \advancepageno
-  \ifnum\outputpenalty>-20000 \else\dosupereject\fi
-}
-
-\newinsert\margin \dimen\margin=\maxdimen
-
-\def\pagebody#1{\vbox to\pageheight{\boxmaxdepth=\maxdepth #1}}
-{\catcode`\@ =11
-\gdef\pagecontents#1{\ifvoid\topins\else\unvbox\topins\fi
-% marginal hacks, juha@viisa.uucp (Juha Takala)
-\ifvoid\margin\else % marginal info is present
-  \rlap{\kern\hsize\vbox to\z@{\kern1pt\box\margin \vss}}\fi
-\dimen@=\dp#1 \unvbox#1
-\ifvoid\footins\else\vskip\skip\footins\footnoterule \unvbox\footins\fi
-\ifr@ggedbottom \kern-\dimen@ \vfil \fi}
-}
-
-% Here are the rules for the cropmarks.  Note that they are
-% offset so that the space between them is truly \outerhsize or \outervsize
-% (P. A. MacKay, 12 November, 1986)
-%
-\def\ewtop{\vrule height\cornerthick depth0pt width\cornerlong}
-\def\nstop{\vbox
-  {\hrule height\cornerthick depth\cornerlong width\cornerthick}}
-\def\ewbot{\vrule height0pt depth\cornerthick width\cornerlong}
-\def\nsbot{\vbox
-  {\hrule height\cornerlong depth\cornerthick width\cornerthick}}
-
-% Parse an argument, then pass it to #1.  The argument is the rest of
-% the input line (except we remove a trailing comment).  #1 should be a
-% macro which expects an ordinary undelimited TeX argument.
-%
-\def\parsearg{\parseargusing{}}
-\def\parseargusing#1#2{%
-  \def\next{#2}%
-  \begingroup
-    \obeylines
-    \spaceisspace
-    #1%
-    \parseargline\empty% Insert the \empty token, see \finishparsearg below.
-}
-
-{\obeylines %
-  \gdef\parseargline#1^^M{%
-    \endgroup % End of the group started in \parsearg.
-    \argremovecomment #1\comment\ArgTerm%
-  }%
-}
-
-% First remove any @comment, then any @c comment.
-\def\argremovecomment#1\comment#2\ArgTerm{\argremovec #1\c\ArgTerm}
-\def\argremovec#1\c#2\ArgTerm{\argcheckspaces#1\^^M\ArgTerm}
-
-% Each occurence of `\^^M' or `<space>\^^M' is replaced by a single space.
-%
-% \argremovec might leave us with trailing space, e.g.,
-%    @end itemize  @c foo
-% This space token undergoes the same procedure and is eventually removed
-% by \finishparsearg.
-%
-\def\argcheckspaces#1\^^M{\argcheckspacesX#1\^^M \^^M}
-\def\argcheckspacesX#1 \^^M{\argcheckspacesY#1\^^M}
-\def\argcheckspacesY#1\^^M#2\^^M#3\ArgTerm{%
-  \def\temp{#3}%
-  \ifx\temp\empty
-    % We cannot use \next here, as it holds the macro to run;
-    % thus we reuse \temp.
-    \let\temp\finishparsearg
-  \else
-    \let\temp\argcheckspaces
-  \fi
-  % Put the space token in:
-  \temp#1 #3\ArgTerm
-}
-
-% If a _delimited_ argument is enclosed in braces, they get stripped; so
-% to get _exactly_ the rest of the line, we had to prevent such situation.
-% We prepended an \empty token at the very beginning and we expand it now,
-% just before passing the control to \next.
-% (Similarily, we have to think about #3 of \argcheckspacesY above: it is
-% either the null string, or it ends with \^^M---thus there is no danger
-% that a pair of braces would be stripped.
-%
-% But first, we have to remove the trailing space token.
-%
-\def\finishparsearg#1 \ArgTerm{\expandafter\next\expandafter{#1}}
-
-% \parseargdef\foo{...}
-%	is roughly equivalent to
-% \def\foo{\parsearg\Xfoo}
-% \def\Xfoo#1{...}
-%
-% Actually, I use \csname\string\foo\endcsname, ie. \\foo, as it is my
-% favourite TeX trick.  --kasal, 16nov03
-
-\def\parseargdef#1{%
-  \expandafter \doparseargdef \csname\string#1\endcsname #1%
-}
-\def\doparseargdef#1#2{%
-  \def#2{\parsearg#1}%
-  \def#1##1%
-}
-
-% Several utility definitions with active space:
-{
-  \obeyspaces
-  \gdef\obeyedspace{ }
-
-  % Make each space character in the input produce a normal interword
-  % space in the output.  Don't allow a line break at this space, as this
-  % is used only in environments like @example, where each line of input
-  % should produce a line of output anyway.
-  %
-  \gdef\sepspaces{\obeyspaces\let =\tie}
-
-  % If an index command is used in an @example environment, any spaces
-  % therein should become regular spaces in the raw index file, not the
-  % expansion of \tie (\leavevmode \penalty \@M \ ).
-  \gdef\unsepspaces{\let =\space}
-}
-
-
-\def\flushcr{\ifx\par\lisppar \def\next##1{}\else \let\next=\relax \fi \next}
-
-% Define the framework for environments in texinfo.tex.  It's used like this:
-%
-%   \envdef\foo{...}
-%   \def\Efoo{...}
-%
-% It's the responsibility of \envdef to insert \begingroup before the
-% actual body; @end closes the group after calling \Efoo.  \envdef also
-% defines \thisenv, so the current environment is known; @end checks
-% whether the environment name matches.  The \checkenv macro can also be
-% used to check whether the current environment is the one expected.
-%
-% Non-false conditionals (@iftex, @ifset) don't fit into this, so they
-% are not treated as enviroments; they don't open a group.  (The
-% implementation of @end takes care not to call \endgroup in this
-% special case.)
-
-
-% At runtime, environments start with this:
-\def\startenvironment#1{\begingroup\def\thisenv{#1}}
-% initialize
-\let\thisenv\empty
-
-% ... but they get defined via ``\envdef\foo{...}'':
-\long\def\envdef#1#2{\def#1{\startenvironment#1#2}}
-\def\envparseargdef#1#2{\parseargdef#1{\startenvironment#1#2}}
-
-% Check whether we're in the right environment:
-\def\checkenv#1{%
-  \def\temp{#1}%
-  \ifx\thisenv\temp
-  \else
-    \badenverr
-  \fi
-}
-
-% Evironment mismatch, #1 expected:
-\def\badenverr{%
-  \errhelp = \EMsimple
-  \errmessage{This command can appear only \inenvironment\temp,
-    not \inenvironment\thisenv}%
-}
-\def\inenvironment#1{%
-  \ifx#1\empty
-    out of any environment%
-  \else
-    in environment \expandafter\string#1%
-  \fi
-}
-
-% @end foo executes the definition of \Efoo.
-% But first, it executes a specialized version of \checkenv
-%
-\parseargdef\end{%
-  \if 1\csname iscond.#1\endcsname
-  \else
-    % The general wording of \badenverr may not be ideal, but... --kasal, 06nov03
-    \expandafter\checkenv\csname#1\endcsname
-    \csname E#1\endcsname
-    \endgroup
-  \fi
-}
-
-\newhelp\EMsimple{Press RETURN to continue.}
-
-
-%% Simple single-character @ commands
-
-% @@ prints an @
-% Kludge this until the fonts are right (grr).
-\def\@{{\tt\char64}}
-
-% This is turned off because it was never documented
-% and you can use @w{...} around a quote to suppress ligatures.
-%% Define @` and @' to be the same as ` and '
-%% but suppressing ligatures.
-%\def\`{{`}}
-%\def\'{{'}}
-
-% Used to generate quoted braces.
-\def\mylbrace {{\tt\char123}}
-\def\myrbrace {{\tt\char125}}
-\let\{=\mylbrace
-\let\}=\myrbrace
-\begingroup
-  % Definitions to produce \{ and \} commands for indices,
-  % and @{ and @} for the aux file.
-  \catcode`\{ = \other \catcode`\} = \other
-  \catcode`\[ = 1 \catcode`\] = 2
-  \catcode`\! = 0 \catcode`\\ = \other
-  !gdef!lbracecmd[\{]%
-  !gdef!rbracecmd[\}]%
-  !gdef!lbraceatcmd[@{]%
-  !gdef!rbraceatcmd[@}]%
-!endgroup
-
-% @comma{} to avoid , parsing problems.
-\let\comma = ,
-
-% Accents: @, @dotaccent @ringaccent @ubaraccent @udotaccent
-% Others are defined by plain TeX: @` @' @" @^ @~ @= @u @v @H.
-\let\, = \c
-\let\dotaccent = \.
-\def\ringaccent#1{{\accent23 #1}}
-\let\tieaccent = \t
-\let\ubaraccent = \b
-\let\udotaccent = \d
-
-% Other special characters: @questiondown @exclamdown @ordf @ordm
-% Plain TeX defines: @AA @AE @O @OE @L (plus lowercase versions) @ss.
-\def\questiondown{?`}
-\def\exclamdown{!`}
-\def\ordf{\leavevmode\raise1ex\hbox{\selectfonts\lllsize \underbar{a}}}
-\def\ordm{\leavevmode\raise1ex\hbox{\selectfonts\lllsize \underbar{o}}}
-
-% Dotless i and dotless j, used for accents.
-\def\imacro{i}
-\def\jmacro{j}
-\def\dotless#1{%
-  \def\temp{#1}%
-  \ifx\temp\imacro \ptexi
-  \else\ifx\temp\jmacro \j
-  \else \errmessage{@dotless can be used only with i or j}%
-  \fi\fi
-}
-
-% The \TeX{} logo, as in plain, but resetting the spacing so that a
-% period following counts as ending a sentence.  (Idea found in latex.)
-%
-\edef\TeX{\TeX \spacefactor=1000 }
-
-% @LaTeX{} logo.  Not quite the same results as the definition in
-% latex.ltx, since we use a different font for the raised A; it's most
-% convenient for us to use an explicitly smaller font, rather than using
-% the \scriptstyle font (since we don't reset \scriptstyle and
-% \scriptscriptstyle).
-%
-\def\LaTeX{%
-  L\kern-.36em
-  {\setbox0=\hbox{T}%
-   \vbox to \ht0{\hbox{\selectfonts\lllsize A}\vss}}%
-  \kern-.15em
-  \TeX
-}
-
-% Be sure we're in horizontal mode when doing a tie, since we make space
-% equivalent to this in @example-like environments. Otherwise, a space
-% at the beginning of a line will start with \penalty -- and
-% since \penalty is valid in vertical mode, we'd end up putting the
-% penalty on the vertical list instead of in the new paragraph.
-{\catcode`@ = 11
- % Avoid using \@M directly, because that causes trouble
- % if the definition is written into an index file.
- \global\let\tiepenalty = \@M
- \gdef\tie{\leavevmode\penalty\tiepenalty\ }
-}
-
-% @: forces normal size whitespace following.
-\def\:{\spacefactor=1000 }
-
-% @* forces a line break.
-\def\*{\hfil\break\hbox{}\ignorespaces}
-
-% @/ allows a line break.
-\let\/=\allowbreak
-
-% @. is an end-of-sentence period.
-\def\.{.\spacefactor=3000 }
-
-% @! is an end-of-sentence bang.
-\def\!{!\spacefactor=3000 }
-
-% @? is an end-of-sentence query.
-\def\?{?\spacefactor=3000 }
-
-% @w prevents a word break.  Without the \leavevmode, @w at the
-% beginning of a paragraph, when TeX is still in vertical mode, would
-% produce a whole line of output instead of starting the paragraph.
-\def\w#1{\leavevmode\hbox{#1}}
-
-% @group ... @end group forces ... to be all on one page, by enclosing
-% it in a TeX vbox.  We use \vtop instead of \vbox to construct the box
-% to keep its height that of a normal line.  According to the rules for
-% \topskip (p.114 of the TeXbook), the glue inserted is
-% max (\topskip - \ht (first item), 0).  If that height is large,
-% therefore, no glue is inserted, and the space between the headline and
-% the text is small, which looks bad.
-%
-% Another complication is that the group might be very large.  This can
-% cause the glue on the previous page to be unduly stretched, because it
-% does not have much material.  In this case, it's better to add an
-% explicit \vfill so that the extra space is at the bottom.  The
-% threshold for doing this is if the group is more than \vfilllimit
-% percent of a page (\vfilllimit can be changed inside of @tex).
-%
-\newbox\groupbox
-\def\vfilllimit{0.7}
-%
-\envdef\group{%
-  \ifnum\catcode`\^^M=\active \else
-    \errhelp = \groupinvalidhelp
-    \errmessage{@group invalid in context where filling is enabled}%
-  \fi
-  \startsavinginserts
-  %
-  \setbox\groupbox = \vtop\bgroup
-    % Do @comment since we are called inside an environment such as
-    % @example, where each end-of-line in the input causes an
-    % end-of-line in the output.  We don't want the end-of-line after
-    % the `@group' to put extra space in the output.  Since @group
-    % should appear on a line by itself (according to the Texinfo
-    % manual), we don't worry about eating any user text.
-    \comment
-}
-%
-% The \vtop produces a box with normal height and large depth; thus, TeX puts
-% \baselineskip glue before it, and (when the next line of text is done)
-% \lineskip glue after it.  Thus, space below is not quite equal to space
-% above.  But it's pretty close.
-\def\Egroup{%
-    % To get correct interline space between the last line of the group
-    % and the first line afterwards, we have to propagate \prevdepth.
-    \endgraf % Not \par, as it may have been set to \lisppar.
-    \global\dimen1 = \prevdepth
-  \egroup           % End the \vtop.
-  % \dimen0 is the vertical size of the group's box.
-  \dimen0 = \ht\groupbox  \advance\dimen0 by \dp\groupbox
-  % \dimen2 is how much space is left on the page (more or less).
-  \dimen2 = \pageheight   \advance\dimen2 by -\pagetotal
-  % if the group doesn't fit on the current page, and it's a big big
-  % group, force a page break.
-  \ifdim \dimen0 > \dimen2
-    \ifdim \pagetotal < \vfilllimit\pageheight
-      \page
-    \fi
-  \fi
-  \box\groupbox
-  \prevdepth = \dimen1
-  \checkinserts
-}
-%
-% TeX puts in an \escapechar (i.e., `@') at the beginning of the help
-% message, so this ends up printing `@group can only ...'.
-%
-\newhelp\groupinvalidhelp{%
-group can only be used in environments such as @example,^^J%
-where each line of input produces a line of output.}
-
-% @need space-in-mils
-% forces a page break if there is not space-in-mils remaining.
-
-\newdimen\mil  \mil=0.001in
-
-% Old definition--didn't work.
-%\parseargdef\need{\par %
-%% This method tries to make TeX break the page naturally
-%% if the depth of the box does not fit.
-%{\baselineskip=0pt%
-%\vtop to #1\mil{\vfil}\kern -#1\mil\nobreak
-%\prevdepth=-1000pt
-%}}
-
-\parseargdef\need{%
-  % Ensure vertical mode, so we don't make a big box in the middle of a
-  % paragraph.
-  \par
-  %
-  % If the @need value is less than one line space, it's useless.
-  \dimen0 = #1\mil
-  \dimen2 = \ht\strutbox
-  \advance\dimen2 by \dp\strutbox
-  \ifdim\dimen0 > \dimen2
-    %
-    % Do a \strut just to make the height of this box be normal, so the
-    % normal leading is inserted relative to the preceding line.
-    % And a page break here is fine.
-    \vtop to #1\mil{\strut\vfil}%
-    %
-    % TeX does not even consider page breaks if a penalty added to the
-    % main vertical list is 10000 or more.  But in order to see if the
-    % empty box we just added fits on the page, we must make it consider
-    % page breaks.  On the other hand, we don't want to actually break the
-    % page after the empty box.  So we use a penalty of 9999.
-    %
-    % There is an extremely small chance that TeX will actually break the
-    % page at this \penalty, if there are no other feasible breakpoints in
-    % sight.  (If the user is using lots of big @group commands, which
-    % almost-but-not-quite fill up a page, TeX will have a hard time doing
-    % good page breaking, for example.)  However, I could not construct an
-    % example where a page broke at this \penalty; if it happens in a real
-    % document, then we can reconsider our strategy.
-    \penalty9999
-    %
-    % Back up by the size of the box, whether we did a page break or not.
-    \kern -#1\mil
-    %
-    % Do not allow a page break right after this kern.
-    \nobreak
-  \fi
-}
-
-% @br   forces paragraph break (and is undocumented).
-
-\let\br = \par
-
-% @page forces the start of a new page.
-%
-\def\page{\par\vfill\supereject}
-
-% @exdent text....
-% outputs text on separate line in roman font, starting at standard page margin
-
-% This records the amount of indent in the innermost environment.
-% That's how much \exdent should take out.
-\newskip\exdentamount
-
-% This defn is used inside fill environments such as @defun.
-\parseargdef\exdent{\hfil\break\hbox{\kern -\exdentamount{\rm#1}}\hfil\break}
-
-% This defn is used inside nofill environments such as @example.
-\parseargdef\nofillexdent{{\advance \leftskip by -\exdentamount
-  \leftline{\hskip\leftskip{\rm#1}}}}
-
-% @inmargin{WHICH}{TEXT} puts TEXT in the WHICH margin next to the current
-% paragraph.  For more general purposes, use the \margin insertion
-% class.  WHICH is `l' or `r'.
-%
-\newskip\inmarginspacing \inmarginspacing=1cm
-\def\strutdepth{\dp\strutbox}
-%
-\def\doinmargin#1#2{\strut\vadjust{%
-  \nobreak
-  \kern-\strutdepth
-  \vtop to \strutdepth{%
-    \baselineskip=\strutdepth
-    \vss
-    % if you have multiple lines of stuff to put here, you'll need to
-    % make the vbox yourself of the appropriate size.
-    \ifx#1l%
-      \llap{\ignorespaces #2\hskip\inmarginspacing}%
-    \else
-      \rlap{\hskip\hsize \hskip\inmarginspacing \ignorespaces #2}%
-    \fi
-    \null
-  }%
-}}
-\def\inleftmargin{\doinmargin l}
-\def\inrightmargin{\doinmargin r}
-%
-% @inmargin{TEXT [, RIGHT-TEXT]}
-% (if RIGHT-TEXT is given, use TEXT for left page, RIGHT-TEXT for right;
-% else use TEXT for both).
-%
-\def\inmargin#1{\parseinmargin #1,,\finish}
-\def\parseinmargin#1,#2,#3\finish{% not perfect, but better than nothing.
-  \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}%
-  \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt
-    \def\lefttext{#1}%  have both texts
-    \def\righttext{#2}%
-  \else
-    \def\lefttext{#1}%  have only one text
-    \def\righttext{#1}%
-  \fi
-  %
-  \ifodd\pageno
-    \def\temp{\inrightmargin\righttext}% odd page -> outside is right margin
-  \else
-    \def\temp{\inleftmargin\lefttext}%
-  \fi
-  \temp
-}
-
-% @include file    insert text of that file as input.
-%
-\def\include{\parseargusing\filenamecatcodes\includezzz}
-\def\includezzz#1{%
-  \pushthisfilestack
-  \def\thisfile{#1}%
-  {%
-    \makevalueexpandable
-    \def\temp{\input #1 }%
-    \expandafter
-  }\temp
-  \popthisfilestack
-}
-\def\filenamecatcodes{%
-  \catcode`\\=\other
-  \catcode`~=\other
-  \catcode`^=\other
-  \catcode`_=\other
-  \catcode`|=\other
-  \catcode`<=\other
-  \catcode`>=\other
-  \catcode`+=\other
-  \catcode`-=\other
-}
-
-\def\pushthisfilestack{%
-  \expandafter\pushthisfilestackX\popthisfilestack\StackTerm
-}
-\def\pushthisfilestackX{%
-  \expandafter\pushthisfilestackY\thisfile\StackTerm
-}
-\def\pushthisfilestackY #1\StackTerm #2\StackTerm {%
-  \gdef\popthisfilestack{\gdef\thisfile{#1}\gdef\popthisfilestack{#2}}%
-}
-
-\def\popthisfilestack{\errthisfilestackempty}
-\def\errthisfilestackempty{\errmessage{Internal error:
-  the stack of filenames is empty.}}
-
-\def\thisfile{}
-
-% @center line
-% outputs that line, centered.
-%
-\parseargdef\center{%
-  \ifhmode
-    \let\next\centerH
-  \else
-    \let\next\centerV
-  \fi
-  \next{\hfil \ignorespaces#1\unskip \hfil}%
-}
-\def\centerH#1{%
-  {%
-    \hfil\break
-    \advance\hsize by -\leftskip
-    \advance\hsize by -\rightskip
-    \line{#1}%
-    \break
-  }%
-}
-\def\centerV#1{\line{\kern\leftskip #1\kern\rightskip}}
-
-% @sp n   outputs n lines of vertical space
-
-\parseargdef\sp{\vskip #1\baselineskip}
-
-% @comment ...line which is ignored...
-% @c is the same as @comment
-% @ignore ... @end ignore  is another way to write a comment
-
-\def\comment{\begingroup \catcode`\^^M=\other%
-\catcode`\@=\other \catcode`\{=\other \catcode`\}=\other%
-\commentxxx}
-{\catcode`\^^M=\other \gdef\commentxxx#1^^M{\endgroup}}
-
-\let\c=\comment
-
-% @paragraphindent NCHARS
-% We'll use ems for NCHARS, close enough.
-% NCHARS can also be the word `asis' or `none'.
-% We cannot feasibly implement @paragraphindent asis, though.
-%
-\def\asisword{asis} % no translation, these are keywords
-\def\noneword{none}
-%
-\parseargdef\paragraphindent{%
-  \def\temp{#1}%
-  \ifx\temp\asisword
-  \else
-    \ifx\temp\noneword
-      \defaultparindent = 0pt
-    \else
-      \defaultparindent = #1em
-    \fi
-  \fi
-  \parindent = \defaultparindent
-}
-
-% @exampleindent NCHARS
-% We'll use ems for NCHARS like @paragraphindent.
-% It seems @exampleindent asis isn't necessary, but
-% I preserve it to make it similar to @paragraphindent.
-\parseargdef\exampleindent{%
-  \def\temp{#1}%
-  \ifx\temp\asisword
-  \else
-    \ifx\temp\noneword
-      \lispnarrowing = 0pt
-    \else
-      \lispnarrowing = #1em
-    \fi
-  \fi
-}
-
-% @firstparagraphindent WORD
-% If WORD is `none', then suppress indentation of the first paragraph
-% after a section heading.  If WORD is `insert', then do indent at such
-% paragraphs.
-%
-% The paragraph indentation is suppressed or not by calling
-% \suppressfirstparagraphindent, which the sectioning commands do.
-% We switch the definition of this back and forth according to WORD.
-% By default, we suppress indentation.
-%
-\def\suppressfirstparagraphindent{\dosuppressfirstparagraphindent}
-\def\insertword{insert}
-%
-\parseargdef\firstparagraphindent{%
-  \def\temp{#1}%
-  \ifx\temp\noneword
-    \let\suppressfirstparagraphindent = \dosuppressfirstparagraphindent
-  \else\ifx\temp\insertword
-    \let\suppressfirstparagraphindent = \relax
-  \else
-    \errhelp = \EMsimple
-    \errmessage{Unknown @firstparagraphindent option `\temp'}%
-  \fi\fi
-}
-
-% Here is how we actually suppress indentation.  Redefine \everypar to
-% \kern backwards by \parindent, and then reset itself to empty.
-%
-% We also make \indent itself not actually do anything until the next
-% paragraph.
-%
-\gdef\dosuppressfirstparagraphindent{%
-  \gdef\indent{%
-    \restorefirstparagraphindent
-    \indent
-  }%
-  \gdef\noindent{%
-    \restorefirstparagraphindent
-    \noindent
-  }%
-  \global\everypar = {%
-    \kern -\parindent
-    \restorefirstparagraphindent
-  }%
-}
-
-\gdef\restorefirstparagraphindent{%
-  \global \let \indent = \ptexindent
-  \global \let \noindent = \ptexnoindent
-  \global \everypar = {}%
-}
-
-
-% @asis just yields its argument.  Used with @table, for example.
-%
-\def\asis#1{#1}
-
-% @math outputs its argument in math mode.
-%
-% One complication: _ usually means subscripts, but it could also mean
-% an actual _ character, as in @math{@var{some_variable} + 1}.  So make
-% _ active, and distinguish by seeing if the current family is \slfam,
-% which is what @var uses.
-{
-  \catcode\underChar = \active
-  \gdef\mathunderscore{%
-    \catcode\underChar=\active
-    \def_{\ifnum\fam=\slfam \_\else\sb\fi}%
-  }
-}
-% Another complication: we want \\ (and @\) to output a \ character.
-% FYI, plain.tex uses \\ as a temporary control sequence (why?), but
-% this is not advertised and we don't care.  Texinfo does not
-% otherwise define @\.
-%
-% The \mathchar is class=0=ordinary, family=7=ttfam, position=5C=\.
-\def\mathbackslash{\ifnum\fam=\ttfam \mathchar"075C \else\backslash \fi}
-%
-\def\math{%
-  \tex
-  \mathunderscore
-  \let\\ = \mathbackslash
-  \mathactive
-  $\finishmath
-}
-\def\finishmath#1{#1$\endgroup}  % Close the group opened by \tex.
-
-% Some active characters (such as <) are spaced differently in math.
-% We have to reset their definitions in case the @math was an argument
-% to a command which sets the catcodes (such as @item or @section).
-%
-{
-  \catcode`^ = \active
-  \catcode`< = \active
-  \catcode`> = \active
-  \catcode`+ = \active
-  \gdef\mathactive{%
-    \let^ = \ptexhat
-    \let< = \ptexless
-    \let> = \ptexgtr
-    \let+ = \ptexplus
-  }
-}
-
-% @bullet and @minus need the same treatment as @math, just above.
-\def\bullet{$\ptexbullet$}
-\def\minus{$-$}
-
-% @dots{} outputs an ellipsis using the current font.
-% We do .5em per period so that it has the same spacing in a typewriter
-% font as three actual period characters.
-%
-\def\dots{%
-  \leavevmode
-  \hbox to 1.5em{%
-    \hskip 0pt plus 0.25fil
-    .\hfil.\hfil.%
-    \hskip 0pt plus 0.5fil
-  }%
-}
-
-% @enddots{} is an end-of-sentence ellipsis.
-%
-\def\enddots{%
-  \dots
-  \spacefactor=3000
-}
-
-% @comma{} is so commas can be inserted into text without messing up
-% Texinfo's parsing.
-%
-\let\comma = ,
-
-% @refill is a no-op.
-\let\refill=\relax
-
-% If working on a large document in chapters, it is convenient to
-% be able to disable indexing, cross-referencing, and contents, for test runs.
-% This is done with @novalidate (before @setfilename).
-%
-\newif\iflinks \linkstrue % by default we want the aux files.
-\let\novalidate = \linksfalse
-
-% @setfilename is done at the beginning of every texinfo file.
-% So open here the files we need to have open while reading the input.
-% This makes it possible to make a .fmt file for texinfo.
-\def\setfilename{%
-   \fixbackslash  % Turn off hack to swallow `\input texinfo'.
-   \iflinks
-     \tryauxfile
-     % Open the new aux file.  TeX will close it automatically at exit.
-     \immediate\openout\auxfile=\jobname.aux
-   \fi % \openindices needs to do some work in any case.
-   \openindices
-   \let\setfilename=\comment % Ignore extra @setfilename cmds.
-   %
-   % If texinfo.cnf is present on the system, read it.
-   % Useful for site-wide @afourpaper, etc.
-   \openin 1 texinfo.cnf
-   \ifeof 1 \else \input texinfo.cnf \fi
-   \closein 1
-   %
-   \comment % Ignore the actual filename.
-}
-
-% Called from \setfilename.
-%
-\def\openindices{%
-  \newindex{cp}%
-  \newcodeindex{fn}%
-  \newcodeindex{vr}%
-  \newcodeindex{tp}%
-  \newcodeindex{ky}%
-  \newcodeindex{pg}%
-}
-
-% @bye.
-\outer\def\bye{\pagealignmacro\tracingstats=1\ptexend}
-
-
-\message{pdf,}
-% adobe `portable' document format
-\newcount\tempnum
-\newcount\lnkcount
-\newtoks\filename
-\newcount\filenamelength
-\newcount\pgn
-\newtoks\toksA
-\newtoks\toksB
-\newtoks\toksC
-\newtoks\toksD
-\newbox\boxA
-\newcount\countA
-\newif\ifpdf
-\newif\ifpdfmakepagedest
-
-% when pdftex is run in dvi mode, \pdfoutput is defined (so \pdfoutput=1
-% can be set).  So we test for \relax and 0 as well as \undefined,
-% borrowed from ifpdf.sty.
-\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined
-\else
-  \ifx\pdfoutput\relax
-  \else
-    \ifcase\pdfoutput
-    \else
-      \pdftrue
-    \fi
-  \fi
-\fi
-%
-\ifpdf
-  \input pdfcolor
-  \pdfcatalog{/PageMode /UseOutlines}%
-  \def\dopdfimage#1#2#3{%
-    \def\imagewidth{#2}%
-    \def\imageheight{#3}%
-    % without \immediate, pdftex seg faults when the same image is
-    % included twice.  (Version 3.14159-pre-1.0-unofficial-20010704.)
-    \ifnum\pdftexversion < 14
-      \immediate\pdfimage
-    \else
-      \immediate\pdfximage
-    \fi
-      \ifx\empty\imagewidth\else width \imagewidth \fi
-      \ifx\empty\imageheight\else height \imageheight \fi
-      \ifnum\pdftexversion<13
-         #1.pdf%
-       \else
-         {#1.pdf}%
-       \fi
-    \ifnum\pdftexversion < 14 \else
-      \pdfrefximage \pdflastximage
-    \fi}
-  \def\pdfmkdest#1{{%
-    % We have to set dummies so commands such as @code in a section title
-    % aren't expanded.
-    \atdummies
-    \normalturnoffactive
-    \pdfdest name{#1} xyz%
-  }}
-  \def\pdfmkpgn#1{#1}
-  \let\linkcolor = \Blue  % was Cyan, but that seems light?
-  \def\endlink{\Black\pdfendlink}
-  % Adding outlines to PDF; macros for calculating structure of outlines
-  % come from Petr Olsak
-  \def\expnumber#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax 0%
-    \else \csname#1\endcsname \fi}
-  \def\advancenumber#1{\tempnum=\expnumber{#1}\relax
-    \advance\tempnum by 1
-    \expandafter\xdef\csname#1\endcsname{\the\tempnum}}
-  %
-  % #1 is the section text.  #2 is the pdf expression for the number
-  % of subentries (or empty, for subsubsections).  #3 is the node
-  % text, which might be empty if this toc entry had no
-  % corresponding node.  #4 is the page number.
-  %
-  \def\dopdfoutline#1#2#3#4{%
-    % Generate a link to the node text if that exists; else, use the
-    % page number.  We could generate a destination for the section
-    % text in the case where a section has no node, but it doesn't
-    % seem worthwhile, since most documents are normally structured.
-    \def\pdfoutlinedest{#3}%
-    \ifx\pdfoutlinedest\empty \def\pdfoutlinedest{#4}\fi
-    %
-    \pdfoutline goto name{\pdfmkpgn{\pdfoutlinedest}}#2{#1}%
-  }
-  %
-  \def\pdfmakeoutlines{%
-    \begingroup
-      % Thanh's hack / proper braces in bookmarks
-      \edef\mylbrace{\iftrue \string{\else}\fi}\let\{=\mylbrace
-      \edef\myrbrace{\iffalse{\else\string}\fi}\let\}=\myrbrace
-      %
-      % Read toc silently, to get counts of subentries for \pdfoutline.
-      \def\numchapentry##1##2##3##4{%
-	\def\thischapnum{##2}%
-	\def\thissecnum{0}%
-	\def\thissubsecnum{0}%
-      }%
-      \def\numsecentry##1##2##3##4{%
-	\advancenumber{chap\thischapnum}%
-	\def\thissecnum{##2}%
-	\def\thissubsecnum{0}%
-      }%
-      \def\numsubsecentry##1##2##3##4{%
-	\advancenumber{sec\thissecnum}%
-	\def\thissubsecnum{##2}%
-      }%
-      \def\numsubsubsecentry##1##2##3##4{%
-	\advancenumber{subsec\thissubsecnum}%
-      }%
-      \def\thischapnum{0}%
-      \def\thissecnum{0}%
-      \def\thissubsecnum{0}%
-      %
-      % use \def rather than \let here because we redefine \chapentry et
-      % al. a second time, below.
-      \def\appentry{\numchapentry}%
-      \def\appsecentry{\numsecentry}%
-      \def\appsubsecentry{\numsubsecentry}%
-      \def\appsubsubsecentry{\numsubsubsecentry}%
-      \def\unnchapentry{\numchapentry}%
-      \def\unnsecentry{\numsecentry}%
-      \def\unnsubsecentry{\numsubsecentry}%
-      \def\unnsubsubsecentry{\numsubsubsecentry}%
-      \input \jobname.toc
-      %
-      % Read toc second time, this time actually producing the outlines.
-      % The `-' means take the \expnumber as the absolute number of
-      % subentries, which we calculated on our first read of the .toc above.
-      %
-      % We use the node names as the destinations.
-      \def\numchapentry##1##2##3##4{%
-        \dopdfoutline{##1}{count-\expnumber{chap##2}}{##3}{##4}}%
-      \def\numsecentry##1##2##3##4{%
-        \dopdfoutline{##1}{count-\expnumber{sec##2}}{##3}{##4}}%
-      \def\numsubsecentry##1##2##3##4{%
-        \dopdfoutline{##1}{count-\expnumber{subsec##2}}{##3}{##4}}%
-      \def\numsubsubsecentry##1##2##3##4{% count is always zero
-        \dopdfoutline{##1}{}{##3}{##4}}%
-      %
-      % PDF outlines are displayed using system fonts, instead of
-      % document fonts.  Therefore we cannot use special characters,
-      % since the encoding is unknown.  For example, the eogonek from
-      % Latin 2 (0xea) gets translated to a | character.  Info from
-      % Staszek Wawrykiewicz, 19 Jan 2004 04:09:24 +0100.
-      %
-      % xx to do this right, we have to translate 8-bit characters to
-      % their "best" equivalent, based on the @documentencoding.  Right
-      % now, I guess we'll just let the pdf reader have its way.
-      \indexnofonts
-      \turnoffactive
-      \input \jobname.toc
-    \endgroup
-  }
-  %
-  \def\makelinks #1,{%
-    \def\params{#1}\def\E{END}%
-    \ifx\params\E
-      \let\nextmakelinks=\relax
-    \else
-      \let\nextmakelinks=\makelinks
-      \ifnum\lnkcount>0,\fi
-      \picknum{#1}%
-      \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}
-        goto name{\pdfmkpgn{\the\pgn}}%
-      \linkcolor #1%
-      \advance\lnkcount by 1%
-      \endlink
-    \fi
-    \nextmakelinks
-  }
-  \def\picknum#1{\expandafter\pn#1}
-  \def\pn#1{%
-    \def\p{#1}%
-    \ifx\p\lbrace
-      \let\nextpn=\ppn
-    \else
-      \let\nextpn=\ppnn
-      \def\first{#1}
-    \fi
-    \nextpn
-  }
-  \def\ppn#1{\pgn=#1\gobble}
-  \def\ppnn{\pgn=\first}
-  \def\pdfmklnk#1{\lnkcount=0\makelinks #1,END,}
-  \def\skipspaces#1{\def\PP{#1}\def\D{|}%
-    \ifx\PP\D\let\nextsp\relax
-    \else\let\nextsp\skipspaces
-      \ifx\p\space\else\addtokens{\filename}{\PP}%
-        \advance\filenamelength by 1
-      \fi
-    \fi
-    \nextsp}
-  \def\getfilename#1{\filenamelength=0\expandafter\skipspaces#1|\relax}
-  \ifnum\pdftexversion < 14
-    \let \startlink \pdfannotlink
-  \else
-    \let \startlink \pdfstartlink
-  \fi
-  \def\pdfurl#1{%
-    \begingroup
-      \normalturnoffactive\def\@{@}%
-      \makevalueexpandable
-      \leavevmode\Red
-      \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}%
-        user{/Subtype /Link /A << /S /URI /URI (#1) >>}%
-    \endgroup}
-  \def\pdfgettoks#1.{\setbox\boxA=\hbox{\toksA={#1.}\toksB={}\maketoks}}
-  \def\addtokens#1#2{\edef\addtoks{\noexpand#1={\the#1#2}}\addtoks}
-  \def\adn#1{\addtokens{\toksC}{#1}\global\countA=1\let\next=\maketoks}
-  \def\poptoks#1#2|ENDTOKS|{\let\first=#1\toksD={#1}\toksA={#2}}
-  \def\maketoks{%
-    \expandafter\poptoks\the\toksA|ENDTOKS|\relax
-    \ifx\first0\adn0
-    \else\ifx\first1\adn1 \else\ifx\first2\adn2 \else\ifx\first3\adn3
-    \else\ifx\first4\adn4 \else\ifx\first5\adn5 \else\ifx\first6\adn6
-    \else\ifx\first7\adn7 \else\ifx\first8\adn8 \else\ifx\first9\adn9
-    \else
-      \ifnum0=\countA\else\makelink\fi
-      \ifx\first.\let\next=\done\else
-        \let\next=\maketoks
-        \addtokens{\toksB}{\the\toksD}
-        \ifx\first,\addtokens{\toksB}{\space}\fi
-      \fi
-    \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
-    \next}
-  \def\makelink{\addtokens{\toksB}%
-    {\noexpand\pdflink{\the\toksC}}\toksC={}\global\countA=0}
-  \def\pdflink#1{%
-    \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]} goto name{\pdfmkpgn{#1}}
-    \linkcolor #1\endlink}
-  \def\done{\edef\st{\global\noexpand\toksA={\the\toksB}}\st}
-\else
-  \let\pdfmkdest = \gobble
-  \let\pdfurl = \gobble
-  \let\endlink = \relax
-  \let\linkcolor = \relax
-  \let\pdfmakeoutlines = \relax
-\fi  % \ifx\pdfoutput
-
-
-\message{fonts,}
-
-% Change the current font style to #1, remembering it in \curfontstyle.
-% For now, we do not accumulate font styles: @b{@i{foo}} prints foo in
-% italics, not bold italics.
-%
-\def\setfontstyle#1{%
-  \def\curfontstyle{#1}% not as a control sequence, because we are \edef'd.
-  \csname ten#1\endcsname  % change the current font
-}
-
-% Select #1 fonts with the current style.
-%
-\def\selectfonts#1{\csname #1fonts\endcsname \csname\curfontstyle\endcsname}
-
-\def\rm{\fam=0 \setfontstyle{rm}}
-\def\it{\fam=\itfam \setfontstyle{it}}
-\def\sl{\fam=\slfam \setfontstyle{sl}}
-\def\bf{\fam=\bffam \setfontstyle{bf}}\def\bfstylename{bf}
-\def\tt{\fam=\ttfam \setfontstyle{tt}}
-
-% Texinfo sort of supports the sans serif font style, which plain TeX does not.
-% So we set up a \sf.
-\newfam\sffam
-\def\sf{\fam=\sffam \setfontstyle{sf}}
-\let\li = \sf % Sometimes we call it \li, not \sf.
-
-% We don't need math for this font style.
-\def\ttsl{\setfontstyle{ttsl}}
-
-% Default leading.
-\newdimen\textleading  \textleading = 13.2pt
-
-% Set the baselineskip to #1, and the lineskip and strut size
-% correspondingly.  There is no deep meaning behind these magic numbers
-% used as factors; they just match (closely enough) what Knuth defined.
-%
-\def\lineskipfactor{.08333}
-\def\strutheightpercent{.70833}
-\def\strutdepthpercent {.29167}
-%
-\def\setleading#1{%
-  \normalbaselineskip = #1\relax
-  \normallineskip = \lineskipfactor\normalbaselineskip
-  \normalbaselines
-  \setbox\strutbox =\hbox{%
-    \vrule width0pt height\strutheightpercent\baselineskip
-                    depth \strutdepthpercent \baselineskip
-  }%
-}
-
-% Set the font macro #1 to the font named #2, adding on the
-% specified font prefix (normally `cm').
-% #3 is the font's design size, #4 is a scale factor
-\def\setfont#1#2#3#4{\font#1=\fontprefix#2#3 scaled #4}
-
-% Use cm as the default font prefix.
-% To specify the font prefix, you must define \fontprefix
-% before you read in texinfo.tex.
-\ifx\fontprefix\undefined
-\def\fontprefix{cm}
-\fi
-% Support font families that don't use the same naming scheme as CM.
-\def\rmshape{r}
-\def\rmbshape{bx}               %where the normal face is bold
-\def\bfshape{b}
-\def\bxshape{bx}
-\def\ttshape{tt}
-\def\ttbshape{tt}
-\def\ttslshape{sltt}
-\def\itshape{ti}
-\def\itbshape{bxti}
-\def\slshape{sl}
-\def\slbshape{bxsl}
-\def\sfshape{ss}
-\def\sfbshape{ss}
-\def\scshape{csc}
-\def\scbshape{csc}
-
-% Text fonts (11.2pt, magstep1).
-\def\textnominalsize{11pt}
-\edef\mainmagstep{\magstephalf}
-\setfont\textrm\rmshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
-\setfont\texttt\ttshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
-\setfont\textbf\bfshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
-\setfont\textit\itshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
-\setfont\textsl\slshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
-\setfont\textsf\sfshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
-\setfont\textsc\scshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
-\setfont\textttsl\ttslshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
-\font\texti=cmmi10 scaled \mainmagstep
-\font\textsy=cmsy10 scaled \mainmagstep
-
-% A few fonts for @defun names and args.
-\setfont\defbf\bfshape{10}{\magstep1}
-\setfont\deftt\ttshape{10}{\magstep1}
-\setfont\defttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep1}
-\def\df{\let\tentt=\deftt \let\tenbf = \defbf \let\tenttsl=\defttsl \bf}
-
-% Fonts for indices, footnotes, small examples (9pt).
-\def\smallnominalsize{9pt}
-\setfont\smallrm\rmshape{9}{1000}
-\setfont\smalltt\ttshape{9}{1000}
-\setfont\smallbf\bfshape{10}{900}
-\setfont\smallit\itshape{9}{1000}
-\setfont\smallsl\slshape{9}{1000}
-\setfont\smallsf\sfshape{9}{1000}
-\setfont\smallsc\scshape{10}{900}
-\setfont\smallttsl\ttslshape{10}{900}
-\font\smalli=cmmi9
-\font\smallsy=cmsy9
-
-% Fonts for small examples (8pt).
-\def\smallernominalsize{8pt}
-\setfont\smallerrm\rmshape{8}{1000}
-\setfont\smallertt\ttshape{8}{1000}
-\setfont\smallerbf\bfshape{10}{800}
-\setfont\smallerit\itshape{8}{1000}
-\setfont\smallersl\slshape{8}{1000}
-\setfont\smallersf\sfshape{8}{1000}
-\setfont\smallersc\scshape{10}{800}
-\setfont\smallerttsl\ttslshape{10}{800}
-\font\smalleri=cmmi8
-\font\smallersy=cmsy8
-
-% Fonts for title page (20.4pt):
-\def\titlenominalsize{20pt}
-\setfont\titlerm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep3}
-\setfont\titleit\itbshape{10}{\magstep4}
-\setfont\titlesl\slbshape{10}{\magstep4}
-\setfont\titlett\ttbshape{12}{\magstep3}
-\setfont\titlettsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep4}
-\setfont\titlesf\sfbshape{17}{\magstep1}
-\let\titlebf=\titlerm
-\setfont\titlesc\scbshape{10}{\magstep4}
-\font\titlei=cmmi12 scaled \magstep3
-\font\titlesy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep4
-\def\authorrm{\secrm}
-\def\authortt{\sectt}
-
-% Chapter (and unnumbered) fonts (17.28pt).
-\def\chapnominalsize{17pt}
-\setfont\chaprm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep2}
-\setfont\chapit\itbshape{10}{\magstep3}
-\setfont\chapsl\slbshape{10}{\magstep3}
-\setfont\chaptt\ttbshape{12}{\magstep2}
-\setfont\chapttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep3}
-\setfont\chapsf\sfbshape{17}{1000}
-\let\chapbf=\chaprm
-\setfont\chapsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep3}
-\font\chapi=cmmi12 scaled \magstep2
-\font\chapsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep3
-
-% Section fonts (14.4pt).
-\def\secnominalsize{14pt}
-\setfont\secrm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep1}
-\setfont\secit\itbshape{10}{\magstep2}
-\setfont\secsl\slbshape{10}{\magstep2}
-\setfont\sectt\ttbshape{12}{\magstep1}
-\setfont\secttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep2}
-\setfont\secsf\sfbshape{12}{\magstep1}
-\let\secbf\secrm
-\setfont\secsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep2}
-\font\seci=cmmi12 scaled \magstep1
-\font\secsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep2
-
-% Subsection fonts (13.15pt).
-\def\ssecnominalsize{13pt}
-\setfont\ssecrm\rmbshape{12}{\magstephalf}
-\setfont\ssecit\itbshape{10}{1315}
-\setfont\ssecsl\slbshape{10}{1315}
-\setfont\ssectt\ttbshape{12}{\magstephalf}
-\setfont\ssecttsl\ttslshape{10}{1315}
-\setfont\ssecsf\sfbshape{12}{\magstephalf}
-\let\ssecbf\ssecrm
-\setfont\ssecsc\scbshape{10}{1315}
-\font\sseci=cmmi12 scaled \magstephalf
-\font\ssecsy=cmsy10 scaled 1315
-
-% Reduced fonts for @acro in text (10pt).
-\def\reducednominalsize{10pt}
-\setfont\reducedrm\rmshape{10}{1000}
-\setfont\reducedtt\ttshape{10}{1000}
-\setfont\reducedbf\bfshape{10}{1000}
-\setfont\reducedit\itshape{10}{1000}
-\setfont\reducedsl\slshape{10}{1000}
-\setfont\reducedsf\sfshape{10}{1000}
-\setfont\reducedsc\scshape{10}{1000}
-\setfont\reducedttsl\ttslshape{10}{1000}
-\font\reducedi=cmmi10
-\font\reducedsy=cmsy10
-
-% In order for the font changes to affect most math symbols and letters,
-% we have to define the \textfont of the standard families.  Since
-% texinfo doesn't allow for producing subscripts and superscripts except
-% in the main text, we don't bother to reset \scriptfont and
-% \scriptscriptfont (which would also require loading a lot more fonts).
-%
-\def\resetmathfonts{%
-  \textfont0=\tenrm \textfont1=\teni \textfont2=\tensy
-  \textfont\itfam=\tenit \textfont\slfam=\tensl \textfont\bffam=\tenbf
-  \textfont\ttfam=\tentt \textfont\sffam=\tensf
-}
-
-% The font-changing commands redefine the meanings of \tenSTYLE, instead
-% of just \STYLE.  We do this because \STYLE needs to also set the
-% current \fam for math mode.  Our \STYLE (e.g., \rm) commands hardwire
-% \tenSTYLE to set the current font.
-%
-% Each font-changing command also sets the names \lsize (one size lower)
-% and \lllsize (three sizes lower).  These relative commands are used in
-% the LaTeX logo and acronyms.
-%
-% This all needs generalizing, badly.
-%
-\def\textfonts{%
-  \let\tenrm=\textrm \let\tenit=\textit \let\tensl=\textsl
-  \let\tenbf=\textbf \let\tentt=\texttt \let\smallcaps=\textsc
-  \let\tensf=\textsf \let\teni=\texti \let\tensy=\textsy
-  \let\tenttsl=\textttsl
-  \def\curfontsize{text}%
-  \def\lsize{reduced}\def\lllsize{smaller}%
-  \resetmathfonts \setleading{\textleading}}
-\def\titlefonts{%
-  \let\tenrm=\titlerm \let\tenit=\titleit \let\tensl=\titlesl
-  \let\tenbf=\titlebf \let\tentt=\titlett \let\smallcaps=\titlesc
-  \let\tensf=\titlesf \let\teni=\titlei \let\tensy=\titlesy
-  \let\tenttsl=\titlettsl
-  \def\curfontsize{title}%
-  \def\lsize{chap}\def\lllsize{subsec}%
-  \resetmathfonts \setleading{25pt}}
-\def\titlefont#1{{\titlefonts\rm #1}}
-\def\chapfonts{%
-  \let\tenrm=\chaprm \let\tenit=\chapit \let\tensl=\chapsl
-  \let\tenbf=\chapbf \let\tentt=\chaptt \let\smallcaps=\chapsc
-  \let\tensf=\chapsf \let\teni=\chapi \let\tensy=\chapsy
-  \let\tenttsl=\chapttsl
-  \def\curfontsize{chap}%
-  \def\lsize{sec}\def\lllsize{text}%
-  \resetmathfonts \setleading{19pt}}
-\def\secfonts{%
-  \let\tenrm=\secrm \let\tenit=\secit \let\tensl=\secsl
-  \let\tenbf=\secbf \let\tentt=\sectt \let\smallcaps=\secsc
-  \let\tensf=\secsf \let\teni=\seci \let\tensy=\secsy
-  \let\tenttsl=\secttsl
-  \def\curfontsize{sec}%
-  \def\lsize{subsec}\def\lllsize{reduced}%
-  \resetmathfonts \setleading{16pt}}
-\def\subsecfonts{%
-  \let\tenrm=\ssecrm \let\tenit=\ssecit \let\tensl=\ssecsl
-  \let\tenbf=\ssecbf \let\tentt=\ssectt \let\smallcaps=\ssecsc
-  \let\tensf=\ssecsf \let\teni=\sseci \let\tensy=\ssecsy
-  \let\tenttsl=\ssecttsl
-  \def\curfontsize{ssec}%
-  \def\lsize{text}\def\lllsize{small}%
-  \resetmathfonts \setleading{15pt}}
-\let\subsubsecfonts = \subsecfonts
-\def\reducedfonts{%
-  \let\tenrm=\reducedrm \let\tenit=\reducedit \let\tensl=\reducedsl
-  \let\tenbf=\reducedbf \let\tentt=\reducedtt \let\reducedcaps=\reducedsc
-  \let\tensf=\reducedsf \let\teni=\reducedi \let\tensy=\reducedsy
-  \let\tenttsl=\reducedttsl
-  \def\curfontsize{reduced}%
-  \def\lsize{small}\def\lllsize{smaller}%
-  \resetmathfonts \setleading{10.5pt}}
-\def\smallfonts{%
-  \let\tenrm=\smallrm \let\tenit=\smallit \let\tensl=\smallsl
-  \let\tenbf=\smallbf \let\tentt=\smalltt \let\smallcaps=\smallsc
-  \let\tensf=\smallsf \let\teni=\smalli \let\tensy=\smallsy
-  \let\tenttsl=\smallttsl
-  \def\curfontsize{small}%
-  \def\lsize{smaller}\def\lllsize{smaller}%
-  \resetmathfonts \setleading{10.5pt}}
-\def\smallerfonts{%
-  \let\tenrm=\smallerrm \let\tenit=\smallerit \let\tensl=\smallersl
-  \let\tenbf=\smallerbf \let\tentt=\smallertt \let\smallcaps=\smallersc
-  \let\tensf=\smallersf \let\teni=\smalleri \let\tensy=\smallersy
-  \let\tenttsl=\smallerttsl
-  \def\curfontsize{smaller}%
-  \def\lsize{smaller}\def\lllsize{smaller}%
-  \resetmathfonts \setleading{9.5pt}}
-
-% Set the fonts to use with the @small... environments.
-\let\smallexamplefonts = \smallfonts
-
-% About \smallexamplefonts.  If we use \smallfonts (9pt), @smallexample
-% can fit this many characters:
-%   8.5x11=86   smallbook=72  a4=90  a5=69
-% If we use \scriptfonts (8pt), then we can fit this many characters:
-%   8.5x11=90+  smallbook=80  a4=90+  a5=77
-% For me, subjectively, the few extra characters that fit aren't worth
-% the additional smallness of 8pt.  So I'm making the default 9pt.
-%
-% By the way, for comparison, here's what fits with @example (10pt):
-%   8.5x11=71  smallbook=60  a4=75  a5=58
-%
-% I wish the USA used A4 paper.
-% --karl, 24jan03.
-
-
-% Set up the default fonts, so we can use them for creating boxes.
-%
-\textfonts \rm
-
-% Define these so they can be easily changed for other fonts.
-\def\angleleft{$\langle$}
-\def\angleright{$\rangle$}
-
-% Count depth in font-changes, for error checks
-\newcount\fontdepth \fontdepth=0
-
-% Fonts for short table of contents.
-\setfont\shortcontrm\rmshape{12}{1000}
-\setfont\shortcontbf\bfshape{10}{\magstep1}  % no cmb12
-\setfont\shortcontsl\slshape{12}{1000}
-\setfont\shortconttt\ttshape{12}{1000}
-
-%% Add scribe-like font environments, plus @l for inline lisp (usually sans
-%% serif) and @ii for TeX italic
-
-% \smartitalic{ARG} outputs arg in italics, followed by an italic correction
-% unless the following character is such as not to need one.
-\def\smartitalicx{\ifx\next,\else\ifx\next-\else\ifx\next.\else
-                    \ptexslash\fi\fi\fi}
-\def\smartslanted#1{{\ifusingtt\ttsl\sl #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx}
-\def\smartitalic#1{{\ifusingtt\ttsl\it #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx}
-
-% like \smartslanted except unconditionally uses \ttsl.
-% @var is set to this for defun arguments.
-\def\ttslanted#1{{\ttsl #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx}
-
-% like \smartslanted except unconditionally use \sl.  We never want
-% ttsl for book titles, do we?
-\def\cite#1{{\sl #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx}
-
-\let\i=\smartitalic
-\let\slanted=\smartslanted
-\let\var=\smartslanted
-\let\dfn=\smartslanted
-\let\emph=\smartitalic
-
-% @b, explicit bold.
-\def\b#1{{\bf #1}}
-\let\strong=\b
-
-% @sansserif, explicit sans.
-\def\sansserif#1{{\sf #1}}
-
-% We can't just use \exhyphenpenalty, because that only has effect at
-% the end of a paragraph.  Restore normal hyphenation at the end of the
-% group within which \nohyphenation is presumably called.
-%
-\def\nohyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = -1  \aftergroup\restorehyphenation}
-\def\restorehyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = `- }
-
-% Set sfcode to normal for the chars that usually have another value.
-% Can't use plain's \frenchspacing because it uses the `\x notation, and
-% sometimes \x has an active definition that messes things up.
-%
-\catcode`@=11
-  \def\frenchspacing{%
-    \sfcode\dotChar  =\@m \sfcode\questChar=\@m \sfcode\exclamChar=\@m
-    \sfcode\colonChar=\@m \sfcode\semiChar =\@m \sfcode\commaChar =\@m
-  }
-\catcode`@=\other
-
-\def\t#1{%
-  {\tt \rawbackslash \frenchspacing #1}%
-  \null
-}
-\def\samp#1{`\tclose{#1}'\null}
-\setfont\keyrm\rmshape{8}{1000}
-\font\keysy=cmsy9
-\def\key#1{{\keyrm\textfont2=\keysy \leavevmode\hbox{%
-  \raise0.4pt\hbox{\angleleft}\kern-.08em\vtop{%
-    \vbox{\hrule\kern-0.4pt
-     \hbox{\raise0.4pt\hbox{\vphantom{\angleleft}}#1}}%
-    \kern-0.4pt\hrule}%
-  \kern-.06em\raise0.4pt\hbox{\angleright}}}}
-% The old definition, with no lozenge:
-%\def\key #1{{\ttsl \nohyphenation \uppercase{#1}}\null}
-\def\ctrl #1{{\tt \rawbackslash \hat}#1}
-
-% @file, @option are the same as @samp.
-\let\file=\samp
-\let\option=\samp
-
-% @code is a modification of @t,
-% which makes spaces the same size as normal in the surrounding text.
-\def\tclose#1{%
-  {%
-    % Change normal interword space to be same as for the current font.
-    \spaceskip = \fontdimen2\font
-    %
-    % Switch to typewriter.
-    \tt
-    %
-    % But `\ ' produces the large typewriter interword space.
-    \def\ {{\spaceskip = 0pt{} }}%
-    %
-    % Turn off hyphenation.
-    \nohyphenation
-    %
-    \rawbackslash
-    \frenchspacing
-    #1%
-  }%
-  \null
-}
-
-% We *must* turn on hyphenation at `-' and `_' in @code.
-% Otherwise, it is too hard to avoid overfull hboxes
-% in the Emacs manual, the Library manual, etc.
-
-% Unfortunately, TeX uses one parameter (\hyphenchar) to control
-% both hyphenation at - and hyphenation within words.
-% We must therefore turn them both off (\tclose does that)
-% and arrange explicitly to hyphenate at a dash.
-%  -- rms.
-{
-  \catcode`\-=\active
-  \catcode`\_=\active
-  %
-  \global\def\code{\begingroup
-    \catcode`\-=\active \let-\codedash
-    \catcode`\_=\active \let_\codeunder
-    \codex
-  }
-}
-
-\def\realdash{-}
-\def\codedash{-\discretionary{}{}{}}
-\def\codeunder{%
-  % this is all so @math{@code{var_name}+1} can work.  In math mode, _
-  % is "active" (mathcode"8000) and \normalunderscore (or \char95, etc.)
-  % will therefore expand the active definition of _, which is us
-  % (inside @code that is), therefore an endless loop.
-  \ifusingtt{\ifmmode
-               \mathchar"075F % class 0=ordinary, family 7=ttfam, pos 0x5F=_.
-             \else\normalunderscore \fi
-             \discretionary{}{}{}}%
-            {\_}%
-}
-\def\codex #1{\tclose{#1}\endgroup}
-
-% @kbd is like @code, except that if the argument is just one @key command,
-% then @kbd has no effect.
-
-% @kbdinputstyle -- arg is `distinct' (@kbd uses slanted tty font always),
-%   `example' (@kbd uses ttsl only inside of @example and friends),
-%   or `code' (@kbd uses normal tty font always).
-\parseargdef\kbdinputstyle{%
-  \def\arg{#1}%
-  \ifx\arg\worddistinct
-    \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\ttsl}\gdef\kbdfont{\ttsl}%
-  \else\ifx\arg\wordexample
-    \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\ttsl}\gdef\kbdfont{\tt}%
-  \else\ifx\arg\wordcode
-    \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\tt}\gdef\kbdfont{\tt}%
-  \else
-    \errhelp = \EMsimple
-    \errmessage{Unknown @kbdinputstyle option `\arg'}%
-  \fi\fi\fi
-}
-\def\worddistinct{distinct}
-\def\wordexample{example}
-\def\wordcode{code}
-
-% Default is `distinct.'
-\kbdinputstyle distinct
-
-\def\xkey{\key}
-\def\kbdfoo#1#2#3\par{\def\one{#1}\def\three{#3}\def\threex{??}%
-\ifx\one\xkey\ifx\threex\three \key{#2}%
-\else{\tclose{\kbdfont\look}}\fi
-\else{\tclose{\kbdfont\look}}\fi}
-
-% For @indicateurl, @env, @command quotes seem unnecessary, so use \code.
-\let\indicateurl=\code
-\let\env=\code
-\let\command=\code
-
-% @uref (abbreviation for `urlref') takes an optional (comma-separated)
-% second argument specifying the text to display and an optional third
-% arg as text to display instead of (rather than in addition to) the url
-% itself.  First (mandatory) arg is the url.  Perhaps eventually put in
-% a hypertex \special here.
-%
-\def\uref#1{\douref #1,,,\finish}
-\def\douref#1,#2,#3,#4\finish{\begingroup
-  \unsepspaces
-  \pdfurl{#1}%
-  \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #3}%
-  \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt
-    \unhbox0 % third arg given, show only that
-  \else
-    \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}%
-    \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt
-      \ifpdf
-        \unhbox0             % PDF: 2nd arg given, show only it
-      \else
-        \unhbox0\ (\code{#1})% DVI: 2nd arg given, show both it and url
-      \fi
-    \else
-      \code{#1}% only url given, so show it
-    \fi
-  \fi
-  \endlink
-\endgroup}
-
-% @url synonym for @uref, since that's how everyone uses it.
-%
-\let\url=\uref
-
-% rms does not like angle brackets --karl, 17may97.
-% So now @email is just like @uref, unless we are pdf.
-%
-%\def\email#1{\angleleft{\tt #1}\angleright}
-\ifpdf
-  \def\email#1{\doemail#1,,\finish}
-  \def\doemail#1,#2,#3\finish{\begingroup
-    \unsepspaces
-    \pdfurl{mailto:#1}%
-    \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}%
-    \ifdim\wd0>0pt\unhbox0\else\code{#1}\fi
-    \endlink
-  \endgroup}
-\else
-  \let\email=\uref
-\fi
-
-% Check if we are currently using a typewriter font.  Since all the
-% Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero interword stretch (and
-% shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all typewriter fonts to have
-% this property, we can check that font parameter.
-%
-\def\ifmonospace{\ifdim\fontdimen3\font=0pt }
-
-% Typeset a dimension, e.g., `in' or `pt'.  The only reason for the
-% argument is to make the input look right: @dmn{pt} instead of @dmn{}pt.
-%
-\def\dmn#1{\thinspace #1}
-
-\def\kbd#1{\def\look{#1}\expandafter\kbdfoo\look??\par}
-
-% @l was never documented to mean ``switch to the Lisp font'',
-% and it is not used as such in any manual I can find.  We need it for
-% Polish suppressed-l.  --karl, 22sep96.
-%\def\l#1{{\li #1}\null}
-
-% Explicit font changes: @r, @sc, undocumented @ii.
-\def\r#1{{\rm #1}}              % roman font
-\def\sc#1{{\smallcaps#1}}       % smallcaps font
-\def\ii#1{{\it #1}}             % italic font
-
-% @acronym for "FBI", "NATO", and the like.
-% We print this one point size smaller, since it's intended for
-% all-uppercase.
-% 
-\def\acronym#1{\doacronym #1,,\finish}
-\def\doacronym#1,#2,#3\finish{%
-  {\selectfonts\lsize #1}%
-  \def\temp{#2}%
-  \ifx\temp\empty \else
-    \space ({\unsepspaces \ignorespaces \temp \unskip})%
-  \fi
-}
-
-% @abbr for "Comput. J." and the like.
-% No font change, but don't do end-of-sentence spacing.
-% 
-\def\abbr#1{\doabbr #1,,\finish}
-\def\doabbr#1,#2,#3\finish{%
-  {\frenchspacing #1}%
-  \def\temp{#2}%
-  \ifx\temp\empty \else
-    \space ({\unsepspaces \ignorespaces \temp \unskip})%
-  \fi
-}
-
-% @pounds{} is a sterling sign, which Knuth put in the CM italic font.
-%
-\def\pounds{{\it\$}}
-
-% @euro{} comes from a separate font, depending on the current style.
-% We use the free feym* fonts from the eurosym package by Henrik
-% Theiling, which support regular, slanted, bold and bold slanted (and
-% "outlined" (blackboard board, sort of) versions, which we don't need).
-% It is available from http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/eurosym.
-% 
-% Although only regular is the truly official Euro symbol, we ignore
-% that.  The Euro is designed to be slightly taller than the regular
-% font height.
-% 
-% feymr - regular
-% feymo - slanted
-% feybr - bold
-% feybo - bold slanted
-% 
-% There is no good (free) typewriter version, to my knowledge.
-% A feymr10 euro is ~7.3pt wide, while a normal cmtt10 char is ~5.25pt wide.
-% Hmm.
-% 
-% Also doesn't work in math.  Do we need to do math with euro symbols?
-% Hope not.
-% 
-% 
-\def\euro{{\eurofont e}}
-\def\eurofont{%
-  % We set the font at each command, rather than predefining it in
-  % \textfonts and the other font-switching commands, so that
-  % installations which never need the symbol don't have to have the
-  % font installed.
-  % 
-  % There is only one designed size (nominal 10pt), so we always scale
-  % that to the current nominal size.
-  % 
-  % By the way, simply using "at 1em" works for cmr10 and the like, but
-  % does not work for cmbx10 and other extended/shrunken fonts.
-  % 
-  \def\eurosize{\csname\curfontsize nominalsize\endcsname}%
-  %
-  \ifx\curfontstyle\bfstylename 
-    % bold:
-    \font\thiseurofont = \ifusingit{feybo10}{feybr10} at \eurosize
-  \else 
-    % regular:
-    \font\thiseurofont = \ifusingit{feymo10}{feymr10} at \eurosize
-  \fi
-  \thiseurofont
-}
-
-% @registeredsymbol - R in a circle.  The font for the R should really
-% be smaller yet, but lllsize is the best we can do for now.
-% Adapted from the plain.tex definition of \copyright.
-%
-\def\registeredsymbol{%
-  $^{{\ooalign{\hfil\raise.07ex\hbox{\selectfonts\lllsize R}%
-               \hfil\crcr\Orb}}%
-    }$%
-}
-
-% Laurent Siebenmann reports \Orb undefined with:
-%  Textures 1.7.7 (preloaded format=plain 93.10.14)  (68K)  16 APR 2004 02:38
-% so we'll define it if necessary.
-% 
-\ifx\Orb\undefined
-\def\Orb{\mathhexbox20D}
-\fi
-
-
-\message{page headings,}
-
-\newskip\titlepagetopglue \titlepagetopglue = 1.5in
-\newskip\titlepagebottomglue \titlepagebottomglue = 2pc
-
-% First the title page.  Must do @settitle before @titlepage.
-\newif\ifseenauthor
-\newif\iffinishedtitlepage
-
-% Do an implicit @contents or @shortcontents after @end titlepage if the
-% user says @setcontentsaftertitlepage or @setshortcontentsaftertitlepage.
-%
-\newif\ifsetcontentsaftertitlepage
- \let\setcontentsaftertitlepage = \setcontentsaftertitlepagetrue
-\newif\ifsetshortcontentsaftertitlepage
- \let\setshortcontentsaftertitlepage = \setshortcontentsaftertitlepagetrue
-
-\parseargdef\shorttitlepage{\begingroup\hbox{}\vskip 1.5in \chaprm \centerline{#1}%
-        \endgroup\page\hbox{}\page}
-
-\envdef\titlepage{%
-  % Open one extra group, as we want to close it in the middle of \Etitlepage.
-  \begingroup
-    \parindent=0pt \textfonts
-    % Leave some space at the very top of the page.
-    \vglue\titlepagetopglue
-    % No rule at page bottom unless we print one at the top with @title.
-    \finishedtitlepagetrue
-    %
-    % Most title ``pages'' are actually two pages long, with space
-    % at the top of the second.  We don't want the ragged left on the second.
-    \let\oldpage = \page
-    \def\page{%
-      \iffinishedtitlepage\else
-	 \finishtitlepage
-      \fi
-      \let\page = \oldpage
-      \page
-      \null
-    }%
-}
-
-\def\Etitlepage{%
-    \iffinishedtitlepage\else
-	\finishtitlepage
-    \fi
-    % It is important to do the page break before ending the group,
-    % because the headline and footline are only empty inside the group.
-    % If we use the new definition of \page, we always get a blank page
-    % after the title page, which we certainly don't want.
-    \oldpage
-  \endgroup
-  %
-  % Need this before the \...aftertitlepage checks so that if they are
-  % in effect the toc pages will come out with page numbers.
-  \HEADINGSon
-  %
-  % If they want short, they certainly want long too.
-  \ifsetshortcontentsaftertitlepage
-    \shortcontents
-    \contents
-    \global\let\shortcontents = \relax
-    \global\let\contents = \relax
-  \fi
-  %
-  \ifsetcontentsaftertitlepage
-    \contents
-    \global\let\contents = \relax
-    \global\let\shortcontents = \relax
-  \fi
-}
-
-\def\finishtitlepage{%
-  \vskip4pt \hrule height 2pt width \hsize
-  \vskip\titlepagebottomglue
-  \finishedtitlepagetrue
-}
-
-%%% Macros to be used within @titlepage:
-
-\let\subtitlerm=\tenrm
-\def\subtitlefont{\subtitlerm \normalbaselineskip = 13pt \normalbaselines}
-
-\def\authorfont{\authorrm \normalbaselineskip = 16pt \normalbaselines
-		\let\tt=\authortt}
-
-\parseargdef\title{%
-  \checkenv\titlepage
-  \leftline{\titlefonts\rm #1}
-  % print a rule at the page bottom also.
-  \finishedtitlepagefalse
-  \vskip4pt \hrule height 4pt width \hsize \vskip4pt
-}
-
-\parseargdef\subtitle{%
-  \checkenv\titlepage
-  {\subtitlefont \rightline{#1}}%
-}
-
-% @author should come last, but may come many times.
-% It can also be used inside @quotation.
-%
-\parseargdef\author{%
-  \def\temp{\quotation}%
-  \ifx\thisenv\temp
-    \def\quotationauthor{#1}% printed in \Equotation.
-  \else
-    \checkenv\titlepage
-    \ifseenauthor\else \vskip 0pt plus 1filll \seenauthortrue \fi
-    {\authorfont \leftline{#1}}%
-  \fi
-}
-
-
-%%% Set up page headings and footings.
-
-\let\thispage=\folio
-
-\newtoks\evenheadline    % headline on even pages
-\newtoks\oddheadline     % headline on odd pages
-\newtoks\evenfootline    % footline on even pages
-\newtoks\oddfootline     % footline on odd pages
-
-% Now make TeX use those variables
-\headline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddheadline
-                            \else \the\evenheadline \fi}}
-\footline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddfootline
-                            \else \the\evenfootline \fi}\HEADINGShook}
-\let\HEADINGShook=\relax
-
-% Commands to set those variables.
-% For example, this is what  @headings on  does
-% @evenheading @thistitle|@thispage|@thischapter
-% @oddheading @thischapter|@thispage|@thistitle
-% @evenfooting @thisfile||
-% @oddfooting ||@thisfile
-
-
-\def\evenheading{\parsearg\evenheadingxxx}
-\def\evenheadingxxx #1{\evenheadingyyy #1\|\|\|\|\finish}
-\def\evenheadingyyy #1\|#2\|#3\|#4\finish{%
-\global\evenheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}
-
-\def\oddheading{\parsearg\oddheadingxxx}
-\def\oddheadingxxx #1{\oddheadingyyy #1\|\|\|\|\finish}
-\def\oddheadingyyy #1\|#2\|#3\|#4\finish{%
-\global\oddheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}
-
-\parseargdef\everyheading{\oddheadingxxx{#1}\evenheadingxxx{#1}}%
-
-\def\evenfooting{\parsearg\evenfootingxxx}
-\def\evenfootingxxx #1{\evenfootingyyy #1\|\|\|\|\finish}
-\def\evenfootingyyy #1\|#2\|#3\|#4\finish{%
-\global\evenfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}
-
-\def\oddfooting{\parsearg\oddfootingxxx}
-\def\oddfootingxxx #1{\oddfootingyyy #1\|\|\|\|\finish}
-\def\oddfootingyyy #1\|#2\|#3\|#4\finish{%
-  \global\oddfootline = {\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}%
-  %
-  % Leave some space for the footline.  Hopefully ok to assume
-  % @evenfooting will not be used by itself.
-  \global\advance\pageheight by -\baselineskip
-  \global\advance\vsize by -\baselineskip
-}
-
-\parseargdef\everyfooting{\oddfootingxxx{#1}\evenfootingxxx{#1}}
-
-
-% @headings double      turns headings on for double-sided printing.
-% @headings single      turns headings on for single-sided printing.
-% @headings off         turns them off.
-% @headings on          same as @headings double, retained for compatibility.
-% @headings after       turns on double-sided headings after this page.
-% @headings doubleafter turns on double-sided headings after this page.
-% @headings singleafter turns on single-sided headings after this page.
-% By default, they are off at the start of a document,
-% and turned `on' after @end titlepage.
-
-\def\headings #1 {\csname HEADINGS#1\endcsname}
-
-\def\HEADINGSoff{%
-\global\evenheadline={\hfil} \global\evenfootline={\hfil}
-\global\oddheadline={\hfil} \global\oddfootline={\hfil}}
-\HEADINGSoff
-% When we turn headings on, set the page number to 1.
-% For double-sided printing, put current file name in lower left corner,
-% chapter name on inside top of right hand pages, document
-% title on inside top of left hand pages, and page numbers on outside top
-% edge of all pages.
-\def\HEADINGSdouble{%
-\global\pageno=1
-\global\evenfootline={\hfil}
-\global\oddfootline={\hfil}
-\global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}}
-\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
-\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chapoddpage
-}
-\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
-
-% For single-sided printing, chapter title goes across top left of page,
-% page number on top right.
-\def\HEADINGSsingle{%
-\global\pageno=1
-\global\evenfootline={\hfil}
-\global\oddfootline={\hfil}
-\global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
-\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
-\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
-}
-\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble}
-
-\def\HEADINGSafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSdoublex}
-\let\HEADINGSdoubleafter=\HEADINGSafter
-\def\HEADINGSdoublex{%
-\global\evenfootline={\hfil}
-\global\oddfootline={\hfil}
-\global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}}
-\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
-\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chapoddpage
-}
-
-\def\HEADINGSsingleafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSsinglex}
-\def\HEADINGSsinglex{%
-\global\evenfootline={\hfil}
-\global\oddfootline={\hfil}
-\global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
-\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
-\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
-}
-
-% Subroutines used in generating headings
-% This produces Day Month Year style of output.
-% Only define if not already defined, in case a txi-??.tex file has set
-% up a different format (e.g., txi-cs.tex does this).
-\ifx\today\undefined
-\def\today{%
-  \number\day\space
-  \ifcase\month
-  \or\putwordMJan\or\putwordMFeb\or\putwordMMar\or\putwordMApr
-  \or\putwordMMay\or\putwordMJun\or\putwordMJul\or\putwordMAug
-  \or\putwordMSep\or\putwordMOct\or\putwordMNov\or\putwordMDec
-  \fi
-  \space\number\year}
-\fi
-
-% @settitle line...  specifies the title of the document, for headings.
-% It generates no output of its own.
-\def\thistitle{\putwordNoTitle}
-\def\settitle{\parsearg{\gdef\thistitle}}
-
-
-\message{tables,}
-% Tables -- @table, @ftable, @vtable, @item(x).
-
-% default indentation of table text
-\newdimen\tableindent \tableindent=.8in
-% default indentation of @itemize and @enumerate text
-\newdimen\itemindent  \itemindent=.3in
-% margin between end of table item and start of table text.
-\newdimen\itemmargin  \itemmargin=.1in
-
-% used internally for \itemindent minus \itemmargin
-\newdimen\itemmax
-
-% Note @table, @ftable, and @vtable define @item, @itemx, etc., with
-% these defs.
-% They also define \itemindex
-% to index the item name in whatever manner is desired (perhaps none).
-
-\newif\ifitemxneedsnegativevskip
-
-\def\itemxpar{\par\ifitemxneedsnegativevskip\nobreak\vskip-\parskip\nobreak\fi}
-
-\def\internalBitem{\smallbreak \parsearg\itemzzz}
-\def\internalBitemx{\itemxpar \parsearg\itemzzz}
-
-\def\itemzzz #1{\begingroup %
-  \advance\hsize by -\rightskip
-  \advance\hsize by -\tableindent
-  \setbox0=\hbox{\itemindicate{#1}}%
-  \itemindex{#1}%
-  \nobreak % This prevents a break before @itemx.
-  %
-  % If the item text does not fit in the space we have, put it on a line
-  % by itself, and do not allow a page break either before or after that
-  % line.  We do not start a paragraph here because then if the next
-  % command is, e.g., @kindex, the whatsit would get put into the
-  % horizontal list on a line by itself, resulting in extra blank space.
-  \ifdim \wd0>\itemmax
-    %
-    % Make this a paragraph so we get the \parskip glue and wrapping,
-    % but leave it ragged-right.
-    \begingroup
-      \advance\leftskip by-\tableindent
-      \advance\hsize by\tableindent
-      \advance\rightskip by0pt plus1fil
-      \leavevmode\unhbox0\par
-    \endgroup
-    %
-    % We're going to be starting a paragraph, but we don't want the
-    % \parskip glue -- logically it's part of the @item we just started.
-    \nobreak \vskip-\parskip
-    %
-    % Stop a page break at the \parskip glue coming up.  However, if
-    % what follows is an environment such as @example, there will be no
-    % \parskip glue; then the negative vskip we just inserted would
-    % cause the example and the item to crash together.  So we use this
-    % bizarre value of 10001 as a signal to \aboveenvbreak to insert
-    % \parskip glue after all.  Section titles are handled this way also.
-    % 
-    \penalty 10001
-    \endgroup
-    \itemxneedsnegativevskipfalse
-  \else
-    % The item text fits into the space.  Start a paragraph, so that the
-    % following text (if any) will end up on the same line.
-    \noindent
-    % Do this with kerns and \unhbox so that if there is a footnote in
-    % the item text, it can migrate to the main vertical list and
-    % eventually be printed.
-    \nobreak\kern-\tableindent
-    \dimen0 = \itemmax  \advance\dimen0 by \itemmargin \advance\dimen0 by -\wd0
-    \unhbox0
-    \nobreak\kern\dimen0
-    \endgroup
-    \itemxneedsnegativevskiptrue
-  \fi
-}
-
-\def\item{\errmessage{@item while not in a list environment}}
-\def\itemx{\errmessage{@itemx while not in a list environment}}
-
-% @table, @ftable, @vtable.
-\envdef\table{%
-  \let\itemindex\gobble
-  \tablecheck{table}%
-}
-\envdef\ftable{%
-  \def\itemindex ##1{\doind {fn}{\code{##1}}}%
-  \tablecheck{ftable}%
-}
-\envdef\vtable{%
-  \def\itemindex ##1{\doind {vr}{\code{##1}}}%
-  \tablecheck{vtable}%
-}
-\def\tablecheck#1{%
-  \ifnum \the\catcode`\^^M=\active
-    \endgroup
-    \errmessage{This command won't work in this context; perhaps the problem is
-      that we are \inenvironment\thisenv}%
-    \def\next{\doignore{#1}}%
-  \else
-    \let\next\tablex
-  \fi
-  \next
-}
-\def\tablex#1{%
-  \def\itemindicate{#1}%
-  \parsearg\tabley
-}
-\def\tabley#1{%
-  {%
-    \makevalueexpandable
-    \edef\temp{\noexpand\tablez #1\space\space\space}%
-    \expandafter
-  }\temp \endtablez
-}
-\def\tablez #1 #2 #3 #4\endtablez{%
-  \aboveenvbreak
-  \ifnum 0#1>0 \advance \leftskip by #1\mil \fi
-  \ifnum 0#2>0 \tableindent=#2\mil \fi
-  \ifnum 0#3>0 \advance \rightskip by #3\mil \fi
-  \itemmax=\tableindent
-  \advance \itemmax by -\itemmargin
-  \advance \leftskip by \tableindent
-  \exdentamount=\tableindent
-  \parindent = 0pt
-  \parskip = \smallskipamount
-  \ifdim \parskip=0pt \parskip=2pt \fi
-  \let\item = \internalBitem
-  \let\itemx = \internalBitemx
-}
-\def\Etable{\endgraf\afterenvbreak}
-\let\Eftable\Etable
-\let\Evtable\Etable
-\let\Eitemize\Etable
-\let\Eenumerate\Etable
-
-% This is the counter used by @enumerate, which is really @itemize
-
-\newcount \itemno
-
-\envdef\itemize{\parsearg\doitemize}
-
-\def\doitemize#1{%
-  \aboveenvbreak
-  \itemmax=\itemindent
-  \advance\itemmax by -\itemmargin
-  \advance\leftskip by \itemindent
-  \exdentamount=\itemindent
-  \parindent=0pt
-  \parskip=\smallskipamount
-  \ifdim\parskip=0pt \parskip=2pt \fi
-  \def\itemcontents{#1}%
-  % @itemize with no arg is equivalent to @itemize @bullet.
-  \ifx\itemcontents\empty\def\itemcontents{\bullet}\fi
-  \let\item=\itemizeitem
-}
-
-% Definition of @item while inside @itemize and @enumerate.
-%
-\def\itemizeitem{%
-  \advance\itemno by 1  % for enumerations
-  {\let\par=\endgraf \smallbreak}% reasonable place to break
-  {%
-   % If the document has an @itemize directly after a section title, a
-   % \nobreak will be last on the list, and \sectionheading will have
-   % done a \vskip-\parskip.  In that case, we don't want to zero
-   % parskip, or the item text will crash with the heading.  On the
-   % other hand, when there is normal text preceding the item (as there
-   % usually is), we do want to zero parskip, or there would be too much
-   % space.  In that case, we won't have a \nobreak before.  At least
-   % that's the theory.
-   \ifnum\lastpenalty<10000 \parskip=0in \fi
-   \noindent
-   \hbox to 0pt{\hss \itemcontents \kern\itemmargin}%
-   \vadjust{\penalty 1200}}% not good to break after first line of item.
-  \flushcr
-}
-
-% \splitoff TOKENS\endmark defines \first to be the first token in
-% TOKENS, and \rest to be the remainder.
-%
-\def\splitoff#1#2\endmark{\def\first{#1}\def\rest{#2}}%
-
-% Allow an optional argument of an uppercase letter, lowercase letter,
-% or number, to specify the first label in the enumerated list.  No
-% argument is the same as `1'.
-%
-\envparseargdef\enumerate{\enumeratey #1  \endenumeratey}
-\def\enumeratey #1 #2\endenumeratey{%
-  % If we were given no argument, pretend we were given `1'.
-  \def\thearg{#1}%
-  \ifx\thearg\empty \def\thearg{1}\fi
-  %
-  % Detect if the argument is a single token.  If so, it might be a
-  % letter.  Otherwise, the only valid thing it can be is a number.
-  % (We will always have one token, because of the test we just made.
-  % This is a good thing, since \splitoff doesn't work given nothing at
-  % all -- the first parameter is undelimited.)
-  \expandafter\splitoff\thearg\endmark
-  \ifx\rest\empty
-    % Only one token in the argument.  It could still be anything.
-    % A ``lowercase letter'' is one whose \lccode is nonzero.
-    % An ``uppercase letter'' is one whose \lccode is both nonzero, and
-    %   not equal to itself.
-    % Otherwise, we assume it's a number.
-    %
-    % We need the \relax at the end of the \ifnum lines to stop TeX from
-    % continuing to look for a <number>.
-    %
-    \ifnum\lccode\expandafter`\thearg=0\relax
-      \numericenumerate % a number (we hope)
-    \else
-      % It's a letter.
-      \ifnum\lccode\expandafter`\thearg=\expandafter`\thearg\relax
-        \lowercaseenumerate % lowercase letter
-      \else
-        \uppercaseenumerate % uppercase letter
-      \fi
-    \fi
-  \else
-    % Multiple tokens in the argument.  We hope it's a number.
-    \numericenumerate
-  \fi
-}
-
-% An @enumerate whose labels are integers.  The starting integer is
-% given in \thearg.
-%
-\def\numericenumerate{%
-  \itemno = \thearg
-  \startenumeration{\the\itemno}%
-}
-
-% The starting (lowercase) letter is in \thearg.
-\def\lowercaseenumerate{%
-  \itemno = \expandafter`\thearg
-  \startenumeration{%
-    % Be sure we're not beyond the end of the alphabet.
-    \ifnum\itemno=0
-      \errmessage{No more lowercase letters in @enumerate; get a bigger
-                  alphabet}%
-    \fi
-    \char\lccode\itemno
-  }%
-}
-
-% The starting (uppercase) letter is in \thearg.
-\def\uppercaseenumerate{%
-  \itemno = \expandafter`\thearg
-  \startenumeration{%
-    % Be sure we're not beyond the end of the alphabet.
-    \ifnum\itemno=0
-      \errmessage{No more uppercase letters in @enumerate; get a bigger
-                  alphabet}
-    \fi
-    \char\uccode\itemno
-  }%
-}
-
-% Call \doitemize, adding a period to the first argument and supplying the
-% common last two arguments.  Also subtract one from the initial value in
-% \itemno, since @item increments \itemno.
-%
-\def\startenumeration#1{%
-  \advance\itemno by -1
-  \doitemize{#1.}\flushcr
-}
-
-% @alphaenumerate and @capsenumerate are abbreviations for giving an arg
-% to @enumerate.
-%
-\def\alphaenumerate{\enumerate{a}}
-\def\capsenumerate{\enumerate{A}}
-\def\Ealphaenumerate{\Eenumerate}
-\def\Ecapsenumerate{\Eenumerate}
-
-
-% @multitable macros
-% Amy Hendrickson, 8/18/94, 3/6/96
-%
-% @multitable ... @end multitable will make as many columns as desired.
-% Contents of each column will wrap at width given in preamble.  Width
-% can be specified either with sample text given in a template line,
-% or in percent of \hsize, the current width of text on page.
-
-% Table can continue over pages but will only break between lines.
-
-% To make preamble:
-%
-% Either define widths of columns in terms of percent of \hsize:
-%   @multitable @columnfractions .25 .3 .45
-%   @item ...
-%
-%   Numbers following @columnfractions are the percent of the total
-%   current hsize to be used for each column. You may use as many
-%   columns as desired.
-
-
-% Or use a template:
-%   @multitable {Column 1 template} {Column 2 template} {Column 3 template}
-%   @item ...
-%   using the widest term desired in each column.
-
-% Each new table line starts with @item, each subsequent new column
-% starts with @tab. Empty columns may be produced by supplying @tab's
-% with nothing between them for as many times as empty columns are needed,
-% ie, @tab@tab@tab will produce two empty columns.
-
-% @item, @tab do not need to be on their own lines, but it will not hurt
-% if they are.
-
-% Sample multitable:
-
-%   @multitable {Column 1 template} {Column 2 template} {Column 3 template}
-%   @item first col stuff @tab second col stuff @tab third col
-%   @item
-%   first col stuff
-%   @tab
-%   second col stuff
-%   @tab
-%   third col
-%   @item first col stuff @tab second col stuff
-%   @tab Many paragraphs of text may be used in any column.
-%
-%         They will wrap at the width determined by the template.
-%   @item@tab@tab This will be in third column.
-%   @end multitable
-
-% Default dimensions may be reset by user.
-% @multitableparskip is vertical space between paragraphs in table.
-% @multitableparindent is paragraph indent in table.
-% @multitablecolmargin is horizontal space to be left between columns.
-% @multitablelinespace is space to leave between table items, baseline
-%                                                            to baseline.
-%   0pt means it depends on current normal line spacing.
-%
-\newskip\multitableparskip
-\newskip\multitableparindent
-\newdimen\multitablecolspace
-\newskip\multitablelinespace
-\multitableparskip=0pt
-\multitableparindent=6pt
-\multitablecolspace=12pt
-\multitablelinespace=0pt
-
-% Macros used to set up halign preamble:
-%
-\let\endsetuptable\relax
-\def\xendsetuptable{\endsetuptable}
-\let\columnfractions\relax
-\def\xcolumnfractions{\columnfractions}
-\newif\ifsetpercent
-
-% #1 is the @columnfraction, usually a decimal number like .5, but might
-% be just 1.  We just use it, whatever it is.
-%
-\def\pickupwholefraction#1 {%
-  \global\advance\colcount by 1
-  \expandafter\xdef\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname{#1\hsize}%
-  \setuptable
-}
-
-\newcount\colcount
-\def\setuptable#1{%
-  \def\firstarg{#1}%
-  \ifx\firstarg\xendsetuptable
-    \let\go = \relax
-  \else
-    \ifx\firstarg\xcolumnfractions
-      \global\setpercenttrue
-    \else
-      \ifsetpercent
-         \let\go\pickupwholefraction
-      \else
-         \global\advance\colcount by 1
-         \setbox0=\hbox{#1\unskip\space}% Add a normal word space as a
-                   % separator; typically that is always in the input, anyway.
-         \expandafter\xdef\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname{\the\wd0}%
-      \fi
-    \fi
-    \ifx\go\pickupwholefraction
-      % Put the argument back for the \pickupwholefraction call, so
-      % we'll always have a period there to be parsed.
-      \def\go{\pickupwholefraction#1}%
-    \else
-      \let\go = \setuptable
-    \fi%
-  \fi
-  \go
-}
-
-% multitable-only commands.
-%
-% @headitem starts a heading row, which we typeset in bold.
-% Assignments have to be global since we are inside the implicit group
-% of an alignment entry.  Note that \everycr resets \everytab.
-\def\headitem{\checkenv\multitable \crcr \global\everytab={\bf}\the\everytab}%
-%
-% A \tab used to include \hskip1sp.  But then the space in a template
-% line is not enough.  That is bad.  So let's go back to just `&' until
-% we encounter the problem it was intended to solve again.
-%					--karl, nathan@acm.org, 20apr99.
-\def\tab{\checkenv\multitable &\the\everytab}%
-
-% @multitable ... @end multitable definitions:
-%
-\newtoks\everytab  % insert after every tab.
-%
-\envdef\multitable{%
-  \vskip\parskip
-  \startsavinginserts
-  %
-  % @item within a multitable starts a normal row.
-  % We use \def instead of \let so that if one of the multitable entries
-  % contains an @itemize, we don't choke on the \item (seen as \crcr aka
-  % \endtemplate) expanding \doitemize.
-  \def\item{\crcr}%
-  %
-  \tolerance=9500
-  \hbadness=9500
-  \setmultitablespacing
-  \parskip=\multitableparskip
-  \parindent=\multitableparindent
-  \overfullrule=0pt
-  \global\colcount=0
-  %
-  \everycr = {%
-    \noalign{%
-      \global\everytab={}%
-      \global\colcount=0 % Reset the column counter.
-      % Check for saved footnotes, etc.
-      \checkinserts
-      % Keeps underfull box messages off when table breaks over pages.
-      %\filbreak
-	% Maybe so, but it also creates really weird page breaks when the
-	% table breaks over pages. Wouldn't \vfil be better?  Wait until the
-	% problem manifests itself, so it can be fixed for real --karl.
-    }%
-  }%
-  %
-  \parsearg\domultitable
-}
-\def\domultitable#1{%
-  % To parse everything between @multitable and @item:
-  \setuptable#1 \endsetuptable
-  %
-  % This preamble sets up a generic column definition, which will
-  % be used as many times as user calls for columns.
-  % \vtop will set a single line and will also let text wrap and
-  % continue for many paragraphs if desired.
-  \halign\bgroup &%
-    \global\advance\colcount by 1
-    \multistrut
-    \vtop{%
-      % Use the current \colcount to find the correct column width:
-      \hsize=\expandafter\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname
-      %
-      % In order to keep entries from bumping into each other
-      % we will add a \leftskip of \multitablecolspace to all columns after
-      % the first one.
-      %
-      % If a template has been used, we will add \multitablecolspace
-      % to the width of each template entry.
-      %
-      % If the user has set preamble in terms of percent of \hsize we will
-      % use that dimension as the width of the column, and the \leftskip
-      % will keep entries from bumping into each other.  Table will start at
-      % left margin and final column will justify at right margin.
-      %
-      % Make sure we don't inherit \rightskip from the outer environment.
-      \rightskip=0pt
-      \ifnum\colcount=1
-	% The first column will be indented with the surrounding text.
-	\advance\hsize by\leftskip
-      \else
-	\ifsetpercent \else
-	  % If user has not set preamble in terms of percent of \hsize
-	  % we will advance \hsize by \multitablecolspace.
-	  \advance\hsize by \multitablecolspace
-	\fi
-       % In either case we will make \leftskip=\multitablecolspace:
-      \leftskip=\multitablecolspace
-      \fi
-      % Ignoring space at the beginning and end avoids an occasional spurious
-      % blank line, when TeX decides to break the line at the space before the
-      % box from the multistrut, so the strut ends up on a line by itself.
-      % For example:
-      % @multitable @columnfractions .11 .89
-      % @item @code{#}
-      % @tab Legal holiday which is valid in major parts of the whole country.
-      % Is automatically provided with highlighting sequences respectively
-      % marking characters.
-      \noindent\ignorespaces##\unskip\multistrut
-    }\cr
-}
-\def\Emultitable{%
-  \crcr
-  \egroup % end the \halign
-  \global\setpercentfalse
-}
-
-\def\setmultitablespacing{%
-  \def\multistrut{\strut}% just use the standard line spacing
-  %
-  % Compute \multitablelinespace (if not defined by user) for use in
-  % \multitableparskip calculation.  We used define \multistrut based on
-  % this, but (ironically) that caused the spacing to be off.
-  % See bug-texinfo report from Werner Lemberg, 31 Oct 2004 12:52:20 +0100.
-\ifdim\multitablelinespace=0pt
-\setbox0=\vbox{X}\global\multitablelinespace=\the\baselineskip
-\global\advance\multitablelinespace by-\ht0
-\fi
-%% Test to see if parskip is larger than space between lines of
-%% table. If not, do nothing.
-%%        If so, set to same dimension as multitablelinespace.
-\ifdim\multitableparskip>\multitablelinespace
-\global\multitableparskip=\multitablelinespace
-\global\advance\multitableparskip-7pt %% to keep parskip somewhat smaller
-                                      %% than skip between lines in the table.
-\fi%
-\ifdim\multitableparskip=0pt
-\global\multitableparskip=\multitablelinespace
-\global\advance\multitableparskip-7pt %% to keep parskip somewhat smaller
-                                      %% than skip between lines in the table.
-\fi}
-
-
-\message{conditionals,}
-
-% @iftex, @ifnotdocbook, @ifnothtml, @ifnotinfo, @ifnotplaintext,
-% @ifnotxml always succeed.  They currently do nothing; we don't
-% attempt to check whether the conditionals are properly nested.  But we
-% have to remember that they are conditionals, so that @end doesn't
-% attempt to close an environment group.
-%
-\def\makecond#1{%
-  \expandafter\let\csname #1\endcsname = \relax
-  \expandafter\let\csname iscond.#1\endcsname = 1
-}
-\makecond{iftex}
-\makecond{ifnotdocbook}
-\makecond{ifnothtml}
-\makecond{ifnotinfo}
-\makecond{ifnotplaintext}
-\makecond{ifnotxml}
-
-% Ignore @ignore, @ifhtml, @ifinfo, and the like.
-%
-\def\direntry{\doignore{direntry}}
-\def\documentdescription{\doignore{documentdescription}}
-\def\docbook{\doignore{docbook}}
-\def\html{\doignore{html}}
-\def\ifdocbook{\doignore{ifdocbook}}
-\def\ifhtml{\doignore{ifhtml}}
-\def\ifinfo{\doignore{ifinfo}}
-\def\ifnottex{\doignore{ifnottex}}
-\def\ifplaintext{\doignore{ifplaintext}}
-\def\ifxml{\doignore{ifxml}}
-\def\ignore{\doignore{ignore}}
-\def\menu{\doignore{menu}}
-\def\xml{\doignore{xml}}
-
-% Ignore text until a line `@end #1', keeping track of nested conditionals.
-%
-% A count to remember the depth of nesting.
-\newcount\doignorecount
-
-\def\doignore#1{\begingroup
-  % Scan in ``verbatim'' mode:
-  \catcode`\@ = \other
-  \catcode`\{ = \other
-  \catcode`\} = \other
-  %
-  % Make sure that spaces turn into tokens that match what \doignoretext wants.
-  \spaceisspace
-  %
-  % Count number of #1's that we've seen.
-  \doignorecount = 0
-  %
-  % Swallow text until we reach the matching `@end #1'.
-  \dodoignore{#1}%
-}
-
-{ \catcode`_=11 % We want to use \_STOP_ which cannot appear in texinfo source.
-  \obeylines %
-  %
-  \gdef\dodoignore#1{%
-    % #1 contains the command name as a string, e.g., `ifinfo'.
-    %
-    % Define a command to find the next `@end #1', which must be on a line
-    % by itself.
-    \long\def\doignoretext##1^^M@end #1{\doignoretextyyy##1^^M@#1\_STOP_}%
-    % And this command to find another #1 command, at the beginning of a
-    % line.  (Otherwise, we would consider a line `@c @ifset', for
-    % example, to count as an @ifset for nesting.)
-    \long\def\doignoretextyyy##1^^M@#1##2\_STOP_{\doignoreyyy{##2}\_STOP_}%
-    %
-    % And now expand that command.
-    \obeylines %
-    \doignoretext ^^M%
-  }%
-}
-
-\def\doignoreyyy#1{%
-  \def\temp{#1}%
-  \ifx\temp\empty			% Nothing found.
-    \let\next\doignoretextzzz
-  \else					% Found a nested condition, ...
-    \advance\doignorecount by 1
-    \let\next\doignoretextyyy		% ..., look for another.
-    % If we're here, #1 ends with ^^M\ifinfo (for example).
-  \fi
-  \next #1% the token \_STOP_ is present just after this macro.
-}
-
-% We have to swallow the remaining "\_STOP_".
-%
-\def\doignoretextzzz#1{%
-  \ifnum\doignorecount = 0	% We have just found the outermost @end.
-    \let\next\enddoignore
-  \else				% Still inside a nested condition.
-    \advance\doignorecount by -1
-    \let\next\doignoretext      % Look for the next @end.
-  \fi
-  \next
-}
-
-% Finish off ignored text.
-\def\enddoignore{\endgroup\ignorespaces}
-
-
-% @set VAR sets the variable VAR to an empty value.
-% @set VAR REST-OF-LINE sets VAR to the value REST-OF-LINE.
-%
-% Since we want to separate VAR from REST-OF-LINE (which might be
-% empty), we can't just use \parsearg; we have to insert a space of our
-% own to delimit the rest of the line, and then take it out again if we
-% didn't need it.
-% We rely on the fact that \parsearg sets \catcode`\ =10.
-%
-\parseargdef\set{\setyyy#1 \endsetyyy}
-\def\setyyy#1 #2\endsetyyy{%
-  {%
-    \makevalueexpandable
-    \def\temp{#2}%
-    \edef\next{\gdef\makecsname{SET#1}}%
-    \ifx\temp\empty
-      \next{}%
-    \else
-      \setzzz#2\endsetzzz
-    \fi
-  }%
-}
-% Remove the trailing space \setxxx inserted.
-\def\setzzz#1 \endsetzzz{\next{#1}}
-
-% @clear VAR clears (i.e., unsets) the variable VAR.
-%
-\parseargdef\clear{%
-  {%
-    \makevalueexpandable
-    \global\expandafter\let\csname SET#1\endcsname=\relax
-  }%
-}
-
-% @value{foo} gets the text saved in variable foo.
-\def\value{\begingroup\makevalueexpandable\valuexxx}
-\def\valuexxx#1{\expandablevalue{#1}\endgroup}
-{
-  \catcode`\- = \active \catcode`\_ = \active
-  %
-  \gdef\makevalueexpandable{%
-    \let\value = \expandablevalue
-    % We don't want these characters active, ...
-    \catcode`\-=\other \catcode`\_=\other
-    % ..., but we might end up with active ones in the argument if
-    % we're called from @code, as @code{@value{foo-bar_}}, though.
-    % So \let them to their normal equivalents.
-    \let-\realdash \let_\normalunderscore
-  }
-}
-
-% We have this subroutine so that we can handle at least some @value's
-% properly in indexes (we call \makevalueexpandable in \indexdummies).
-% The command has to be fully expandable (if the variable is set), since
-% the result winds up in the index file.  This means that if the
-% variable's value contains other Texinfo commands, it's almost certain
-% it will fail (although perhaps we could fix that with sufficient work
-% to do a one-level expansion on the result, instead of complete).
-%
-\def\expandablevalue#1{%
-  \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax
-    {[No value for ``#1'']}%
-    \message{Variable `#1', used in @value, is not set.}%
-  \else
-    \csname SET#1\endcsname
-  \fi
-}
-
-% @ifset VAR ... @end ifset reads the `...' iff VAR has been defined
-% with @set.
-%
-% To get special treatment of `@end ifset,' call \makeond and the redefine.
-%
-\makecond{ifset}
-\def\ifset{\parsearg{\doifset{\let\next=\ifsetfail}}}
-\def\doifset#1#2{%
-  {%
-    \makevalueexpandable
-    \let\next=\empty
-    \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#2\endcsname\relax
-      #1% If not set, redefine \next.
-    \fi
-    \expandafter
-  }\next
-}
-\def\ifsetfail{\doignore{ifset}}
-
-% @ifclear VAR ... @end ifclear reads the `...' iff VAR has never been
-% defined with @set, or has been undefined with @clear.
-%
-% The `\else' inside the `\doifset' parameter is a trick to reuse the
-% above code: if the variable is not set, do nothing, if it is set,
-% then redefine \next to \ifclearfail.
-%
-\makecond{ifclear}
-\def\ifclear{\parsearg{\doifset{\else \let\next=\ifclearfail}}}
-\def\ifclearfail{\doignore{ifclear}}
-
-% @dircategory CATEGORY  -- specify a category of the dir file
-% which this file should belong to.  Ignore this in TeX.
-\let\dircategory=\comment
-
-% @defininfoenclose.
-\let\definfoenclose=\comment
-
-
-\message{indexing,}
-% Index generation facilities
-
-% Define \newwrite to be identical to plain tex's \newwrite
-% except not \outer, so it can be used within macros and \if's.
-\edef\newwrite{\makecsname{ptexnewwrite}}
-
-% \newindex {foo} defines an index named foo.
-% It automatically defines \fooindex such that
-% \fooindex ...rest of line... puts an entry in the index foo.
-% It also defines \fooindfile to be the number of the output channel for
-% the file that accumulates this index.  The file's extension is foo.
-% The name of an index should be no more than 2 characters long
-% for the sake of vms.
-%
-\def\newindex#1{%
-  \iflinks
-    \expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname
-    \openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1 % Open the file
-  \fi
-  \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{%     % Define @#1index
-    \noexpand\doindex{#1}}
-}
-
-% @defindex foo  ==  \newindex{foo}
-%
-\def\defindex{\parsearg\newindex}
-
-% Define @defcodeindex, like @defindex except put all entries in @code.
-%
-\def\defcodeindex{\parsearg\newcodeindex}
-%
-\def\newcodeindex#1{%
-  \iflinks
-    \expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname
-    \openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1
-  \fi
-  \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{%
-    \noexpand\docodeindex{#1}}%
-}
-
-
-% @synindex foo bar    makes index foo feed into index bar.
-% Do this instead of @defindex foo if you don't want it as a separate index.
-%
-% @syncodeindex foo bar   similar, but put all entries made for index foo
-% inside @code.
-%
-\def\synindex#1 #2 {\dosynindex\doindex{#1}{#2}}
-\def\syncodeindex#1 #2 {\dosynindex\docodeindex{#1}{#2}}
-
-% #1 is \doindex or \docodeindex, #2 the index getting redefined (foo),
-% #3 the target index (bar).
-\def\dosynindex#1#2#3{%
-  % Only do \closeout if we haven't already done it, else we'll end up
-  % closing the target index.
-  \expandafter \ifx\csname donesynindex#2\endcsname \undefined
-    % The \closeout helps reduce unnecessary open files; the limit on the
-    % Acorn RISC OS is a mere 16 files.
-    \expandafter\closeout\csname#2indfile\endcsname
-    \expandafter\let\csname\donesynindex#2\endcsname = 1
-  \fi
-  % redefine \fooindfile:
-  \expandafter\let\expandafter\temp\expandafter=\csname#3indfile\endcsname
-  \expandafter\let\csname#2indfile\endcsname=\temp
-  % redefine \fooindex:
-  \expandafter\xdef\csname#2index\endcsname{\noexpand#1{#3}}%
-}
-
-% Define \doindex, the driver for all \fooindex macros.
-% Argument #1 is generated by the calling \fooindex macro,
-%  and it is "foo", the name of the index.
-
-% \doindex just uses \parsearg; it calls \doind for the actual work.
-% This is because \doind is more useful to call from other macros.
-
-% There is also \dosubind {index}{topic}{subtopic}
-% which makes an entry in a two-level index such as the operation index.
-
-\def\doindex#1{\edef\indexname{#1}\parsearg\singleindexer}
-\def\singleindexer #1{\doind{\indexname}{#1}}
-
-% like the previous two, but they put @code around the argument.
-\def\docodeindex#1{\edef\indexname{#1}\parsearg\singlecodeindexer}
-\def\singlecodeindexer #1{\doind{\indexname}{\code{#1}}}
-
-% Take care of Texinfo commands that can appear in an index entry.
-% Since there are some commands we want to expand, and others we don't,
-% we have to laboriously prevent expansion for those that we don't.
-%
-\def\indexdummies{%
-  \def\@{@}% change to @@ when we switch to @ as escape char in index files.
-  \def\ {\realbackslash\space }%
-  % Need these in case \tex is in effect and \{ is a \delimiter again.
-  % But can't use \lbracecmd and \rbracecmd because texindex assumes
-  % braces and backslashes are used only as delimiters.
-  \let\{ = \mylbrace
-  \let\} = \myrbrace
-  %
-  % \definedummyword defines \#1 as \realbackslash #1\space, thus
-  % effectively preventing its expansion.  This is used only for control
-  % words, not control letters, because the \space would be incorrect
-  % for control characters, but is needed to separate the control word
-  % from whatever follows.
-  %
-  % For control letters, we have \definedummyletter, which omits the
-  % space.
-  %
-  % These can be used both for control words that take an argument and
-  % those that do not.  If it is followed by {arg} in the input, then
-  % that will dutifully get written to the index (or wherever).
-  %
-  \def\definedummyword##1{%
-    \expandafter\def\csname ##1\endcsname{\realbackslash ##1\space}%
-  }%
-  \def\definedummyletter##1{%
-    \expandafter\def\csname ##1\endcsname{\realbackslash ##1}%
-  }%
-  \let\definedummyaccent\definedummyletter
-  %
-  % Do the redefinitions.
-  \commondummies
-}
-
-% For the aux file, @ is the escape character.  So we want to redefine
-% everything using @ instead of \realbackslash.  When everything uses
-% @, this will be simpler.
-%
-\def\atdummies{%
-  \def\@{@@}%
-  \def\ {@ }%
-  \let\{ = \lbraceatcmd
-  \let\} = \rbraceatcmd
-  %
-  % (See comments in \indexdummies.)
-  \def\definedummyword##1{%
-    \expandafter\def\csname ##1\endcsname{@##1\space}%
-  }%
-  \def\definedummyletter##1{%
-    \expandafter\def\csname ##1\endcsname{@##1}%
-  }%
-  \let\definedummyaccent\definedummyletter
-  %
-  % Do the redefinitions.
-  \commondummies
-}
-
-% Called from \indexdummies and \atdummies.  \definedummyword and
-% \definedummyletter must be defined first.
-%
-\def\commondummies{%
-  %
-  \normalturnoffactive
-  %
-  \commondummiesnofonts
-  %
-  \definedummyletter{_}%
-  %
-  % Non-English letters.
-  \definedummyword{AA}%
-  \definedummyword{AE}%
-  \definedummyword{L}%
-  \definedummyword{OE}%
-  \definedummyword{O}%
-  \definedummyword{aa}%
-  \definedummyword{ae}%
-  \definedummyword{l}%
-  \definedummyword{oe}%
-  \definedummyword{o}%
-  \definedummyword{ss}%
-  \definedummyword{exclamdown}%
-  \definedummyword{questiondown}%
-  \definedummyword{ordf}%
-  \definedummyword{ordm}%
-  %
-  % Although these internal commands shouldn't show up, sometimes they do.
-  \definedummyword{bf}%
-  \definedummyword{gtr}%
-  \definedummyword{hat}%
-  \definedummyword{less}%
-  \definedummyword{sf}%
-  \definedummyword{sl}%
-  \definedummyword{tclose}%
-  \definedummyword{tt}%
-  %
-  \definedummyword{LaTeX}%
-  \definedummyword{TeX}%
-  %
-  % Assorted special characters.
-  \definedummyword{bullet}%
-  \definedummyword{comma}%
-  \definedummyword{copyright}%
-  \definedummyword{registeredsymbol}%
-  \definedummyword{dots}%
-  \definedummyword{enddots}%
-  \definedummyword{equiv}%
-  \definedummyword{error}%
-  \definedummyword{euro}%
-  \definedummyword{expansion}%
-  \definedummyword{minus}%
-  \definedummyword{pounds}%
-  \definedummyword{point}%
-  \definedummyword{print}%
-  \definedummyword{result}%
-  %
-  % Handle some cases of @value -- where it does not contain any
-  % (non-fully-expandable) commands.
-  \makevalueexpandable
-  %
-  % Normal spaces, not active ones.
-  \unsepspaces
-  %
-  % No macro expansion.
-  \turnoffmacros
-}
-
-% \commondummiesnofonts: common to \commondummies and \indexnofonts.
-%
-% Better have this without active chars.
-{
-  \catcode`\~=\other
-  \gdef\commondummiesnofonts{%
-    % Control letters and accents.
-    \definedummyletter{!}%
-    \definedummyaccent{"}%
-    \definedummyaccent{'}%
-    \definedummyletter{*}%
-    \definedummyaccent{,}%
-    \definedummyletter{.}%
-    \definedummyletter{/}%
-    \definedummyletter{:}%
-    \definedummyaccent{=}%
-    \definedummyletter{?}%
-    \definedummyaccent{^}%
-    \definedummyaccent{`}%
-    \definedummyaccent{~}%
-    \definedummyword{u}%
-    \definedummyword{v}%
-    \definedummyword{H}%
-    \definedummyword{dotaccent}%
-    \definedummyword{ringaccent}%
-    \definedummyword{tieaccent}%
-    \definedummyword{ubaraccent}%
-    \definedummyword{udotaccent}%
-    \definedummyword{dotless}%
-    %
-    % Texinfo font commands.
-    \definedummyword{b}%
-    \definedummyword{i}%
-    \definedummyword{r}%
-    \definedummyword{sc}%
-    \definedummyword{t}%
-    %
-    % Commands that take arguments.
-    \definedummyword{acronym}%
-    \definedummyword{cite}%
-    \definedummyword{code}%
-    \definedummyword{command}%
-    \definedummyword{dfn}%
-    \definedummyword{emph}%
-    \definedummyword{env}%
-    \definedummyword{file}%
-    \definedummyword{kbd}%
-    \definedummyword{key}%
-    \definedummyword{math}%
-    \definedummyword{option}%
-    \definedummyword{samp}%
-    \definedummyword{strong}%
-    \definedummyword{tie}%
-    \definedummyword{uref}%
-    \definedummyword{url}%
-    \definedummyword{var}%
-    \definedummyword{verb}%
-    \definedummyword{w}%
-  }
-}
-
-% \indexnofonts is used when outputting the strings to sort the index
-% by, and when constructing control sequence names.  It eliminates all
-% control sequences and just writes whatever the best ASCII sort string
-% would be for a given command (usually its argument).
-%
-\def\indexnofonts{%
-  % Accent commands should become @asis.
-  \def\definedummyaccent##1{%
-    \expandafter\let\csname ##1\endcsname\asis
-  }%
-  % We can just ignore other control letters.
-  \def\definedummyletter##1{%
-    \expandafter\def\csname ##1\endcsname{}%
-  }%
-  % Hopefully, all control words can become @asis.
-  \let\definedummyword\definedummyaccent
-  %
-  \commondummiesnofonts
-  %
-  % Don't no-op \tt, since it isn't a user-level command
-  % and is used in the definitions of the active chars like <, >, |, etc.
-  % Likewise with the other plain tex font commands.
-  %\let\tt=\asis
-  %
-  \def\ { }%
-  \def\@{@}%
-  % how to handle braces?
-  \def\_{\normalunderscore}%
-  %
-  % Non-English letters.
-  \def\AA{AA}%
-  \def\AE{AE}%
-  \def\L{L}%
-  \def\OE{OE}%
-  \def\O{O}%
-  \def\aa{aa}%
-  \def\ae{ae}%
-  \def\l{l}%
-  \def\oe{oe}%
-  \def\o{o}%
-  \def\ss{ss}%
-  \def\exclamdown{!}%
-  \def\questiondown{?}%
-  \def\ordf{a}%
-  \def\ordm{o}%
-  %
-  \def\LaTeX{LaTeX}%
-  \def\TeX{TeX}%
-  %
-  % Assorted special characters.
-  % (The following {} will end up in the sort string, but that's ok.)
-  \def\bullet{bullet}%
-  \def\comma{,}%
-  \def\copyright{copyright}%
-  \def\registeredsymbol{R}%
-  \def\dots{...}%
-  \def\enddots{...}%
-  \def\equiv{==}%
-  \def\error{error}%
-  \def\euro{euro}%
-  \def\expansion{==>}%
-  \def\minus{-}%
-  \def\pounds{pounds}%
-  \def\point{.}%
-  \def\print{-|}%
-  \def\result{=>}%
-  %
-  % Don't write macro names.
-  \emptyusermacros
-}
-
-\let\indexbackslash=0  %overridden during \printindex.
-\let\SETmarginindex=\relax % put index entries in margin (undocumented)?
-
-% Most index entries go through here, but \dosubind is the general case.
-% #1 is the index name, #2 is the entry text.
-\def\doind#1#2{\dosubind{#1}{#2}{}}
-
-% Workhorse for all \fooindexes.
-% #1 is name of index, #2 is stuff to put there, #3 is subentry --
-% empty if called from \doind, as we usually are (the main exception
-% is with most defuns, which call us directly).
-%
-\def\dosubind#1#2#3{%
-  \iflinks
-  {%
-    % Store the main index entry text (including the third arg).
-    \toks0 = {#2}%
-    % If third arg is present, precede it with a space.
-    \def\thirdarg{#3}%
-    \ifx\thirdarg\empty \else
-      \toks0 = \expandafter{\the\toks0 \space #3}%
-    \fi
-    %
-    \edef\writeto{\csname#1indfile\endcsname}%
-    %
-    \ifvmode
-      \dosubindsanitize
-    \else
-      \dosubindwrite
-    \fi
-  }%
-  \fi
-}
-
-% Write the entry in \toks0 to the index file:
-%
-\def\dosubindwrite{%
-  % Put the index entry in the margin if desired.
-  \ifx\SETmarginindex\relax\else
-    \insert\margin{\hbox{\vrule height8pt depth3pt width0pt \the\toks0}}%
-  \fi
-  %
-  % Remember, we are within a group.
-  \indexdummies % Must do this here, since \bf, etc expand at this stage
-  \escapechar=`\\
-  \def\backslashcurfont{\indexbackslash}% \indexbackslash isn't defined now
-      % so it will be output as is; and it will print as backslash.
-  %
-  % Process the index entry with all font commands turned off, to
-  % get the string to sort by.
-  {\indexnofonts
-   \edef\temp{\the\toks0}% need full expansion
-   \xdef\indexsorttmp{\temp}%
-  }%
-  %
-  % Set up the complete index entry, with both the sort key and
-  % the original text, including any font commands.  We write
-  % three arguments to \entry to the .?? file (four in the
-  % subentry case), texindex reduces to two when writing the .??s
-  % sorted result.
-  \edef\temp{%
-    \write\writeto{%
-      \string\entry{\indexsorttmp}{\noexpand\folio}{\the\toks0}}%
-  }%
-  \temp
-}
-
-% Take care of unwanted page breaks:
-%
-% If a skip is the last thing on the list now, preserve it
-% by backing up by \lastskip, doing the \write, then inserting
-% the skip again.  Otherwise, the whatsit generated by the
-% \write will make \lastskip zero.  The result is that sequences
-% like this:
-% @end defun
-% @tindex whatever
-% @defun ...
-% will have extra space inserted, because the \medbreak in the
-% start of the @defun won't see the skip inserted by the @end of
-% the previous defun.
-%
-% But don't do any of this if we're not in vertical mode.  We
-% don't want to do a \vskip and prematurely end a paragraph.
-%
-% Avoid page breaks due to these extra skips, too.
-%
-% But wait, there is a catch there:
-% We'll have to check whether \lastskip is zero skip.  \ifdim is not
-% sufficient for this purpose, as it ignores stretch and shrink parts
-% of the skip.  The only way seems to be to check the textual
-% representation of the skip.
-%
-% The following is almost like \def\zeroskipmacro{0.0pt} except that
-% the ``p'' and ``t'' characters have catcode \other, not 11 (letter).
-%
-\edef\zeroskipmacro{\expandafter\the\csname z@skip\endcsname}
-%
-% ..., ready, GO:
-%
-\def\dosubindsanitize{%
-  % \lastskip and \lastpenalty cannot both be nonzero simultaneously.
-  \skip0 = \lastskip
-  \edef\lastskipmacro{\the\lastskip}%
-  \count255 = \lastpenalty
-  %
-  % If \lastskip is nonzero, that means the last item was a
-  % skip.  And since a skip is discardable, that means this
-  % -\skip0 glue we're inserting is preceded by a
-  % non-discardable item, therefore it is not a potential
-  % breakpoint, therefore no \nobreak needed.
-  \ifx\lastskipmacro\zeroskipmacro
-  \else
-    \vskip-\skip0
-  \fi
-  %
-  \dosubindwrite
-  %
-  \ifx\lastskipmacro\zeroskipmacro
-    % If \lastskip was zero, perhaps the last item was a penalty, and
-    % perhaps it was >=10000, e.g., a \nobreak.  In that case, we want
-    % to re-insert the same penalty (values >10000 are used for various
-    % signals); since we just inserted a non-discardable item, any
-    % following glue (such as a \parskip) would be a breakpoint.  For example:
-    % 
-    %   @deffn deffn-whatever
-    %   @vindex index-whatever
-    %   Description.
-    % would allow a break between the index-whatever whatsit
-    % and the "Description." paragraph.
-    \ifnum\count255>9999 \penalty\count255 \fi
-  \else
-    % On the other hand, if we had a nonzero \lastskip,
-    % this make-up glue would be preceded by a non-discardable item
-    % (the whatsit from the \write), so we must insert a \nobreak.
-    \nobreak\vskip\skip0
-  \fi
-}
-
-% The index entry written in the file actually looks like
-%  \entry {sortstring}{page}{topic}
-% or
-%  \entry {sortstring}{page}{topic}{subtopic}
-% The texindex program reads in these files and writes files
-% containing these kinds of lines:
-%  \initial {c}
-%     before the first topic whose initial is c
-%  \entry {topic}{pagelist}
-%     for a topic that is used without subtopics
-%  \primary {topic}
-%     for the beginning of a topic that is used with subtopics
-%  \secondary {subtopic}{pagelist}
-%     for each subtopic.
-
-% Define the user-accessible indexing commands
-% @findex, @vindex, @kindex, @cindex.
-
-\def\findex {\fnindex}
-\def\kindex {\kyindex}
-\def\cindex {\cpindex}
-\def\vindex {\vrindex}
-\def\tindex {\tpindex}
-\def\pindex {\pgindex}
-
-\def\cindexsub {\begingroup\obeylines\cindexsub}
-{\obeylines %
-\gdef\cindexsub "#1" #2^^M{\endgroup %
-\dosubind{cp}{#2}{#1}}}
-
-% Define the macros used in formatting output of the sorted index material.
-
-% @printindex causes a particular index (the ??s file) to get printed.
-% It does not print any chapter heading (usually an @unnumbered).
-%
-\parseargdef\printindex{\begingroup
-  \dobreak \chapheadingskip{10000}%
-  %
-  \smallfonts \rm
-  \tolerance = 9500
-  \everypar = {}% don't want the \kern\-parindent from indentation suppression.
-  %
-  % See if the index file exists and is nonempty.
-  % Change catcode of @ here so that if the index file contains
-  % \initial {@}
-  % as its first line, TeX doesn't complain about mismatched braces
-  % (because it thinks @} is a control sequence).
-  \catcode`\@ = 11
-  \openin 1 \jobname.#1s
-  \ifeof 1
-    % \enddoublecolumns gets confused if there is no text in the index,
-    % and it loses the chapter title and the aux file entries for the
-    % index.  The easiest way to prevent this problem is to make sure
-    % there is some text.
-    \putwordIndexNonexistent
-  \else
-    %
-    % If the index file exists but is empty, then \openin leaves \ifeof
-    % false.  We have to make TeX try to read something from the file, so
-    % it can discover if there is anything in it.
-    \read 1 to \temp
-    \ifeof 1
-      \putwordIndexIsEmpty
-    \else
-      % Index files are almost Texinfo source, but we use \ as the escape
-      % character.  It would be better to use @, but that's too big a change
-      % to make right now.
-      \def\indexbackslash{\backslashcurfont}%
-      \catcode`\\ = 0
-      \escapechar = `\\
-      \begindoublecolumns
-      \input \jobname.#1s
-      \enddoublecolumns
-    \fi
-  \fi
-  \closein 1
-\endgroup}
-
-% These macros are used by the sorted index file itself.
-% Change them to control the appearance of the index.
-
-\def\initial#1{{%
-  % Some minor font changes for the special characters.
-  \let\tentt=\sectt \let\tt=\sectt \let\sf=\sectt
-  %
-  % Remove any glue we may have, we'll be inserting our own.
-  \removelastskip
-  %
-  % We like breaks before the index initials, so insert a bonus.
-  \nobreak
-  \vskip 0pt plus 3\baselineskip
-  \penalty 0
-  \vskip 0pt plus -3\baselineskip
-  %
-  % Typeset the initial.  Making this add up to a whole number of
-  % baselineskips increases the chance of the dots lining up from column
-  % to column.  It still won't often be perfect, because of the stretch
-  % we need before each entry, but it's better.
-  %
-  % No shrink because it confuses \balancecolumns.
-  \vskip 1.67\baselineskip plus .5\baselineskip
-  \leftline{\secbf #1}%
-  % Do our best not to break after the initial.
-  \nobreak
-  \vskip .33\baselineskip plus .1\baselineskip
-}}
-
-% \entry typesets a paragraph consisting of the text (#1), dot leaders, and
-% then page number (#2) flushed to the right margin.  It is used for index
-% and table of contents entries.  The paragraph is indented by \leftskip.
-%
-% A straightforward implementation would start like this:
-%	\def\entry#1#2{...
-% But this frozes the catcodes in the argument, and can cause problems to
-% @code, which sets - active.  This problem was fixed by a kludge---
-% ``-'' was active throughout whole index, but this isn't really right.
-%
-% The right solution is to prevent \entry from swallowing the whole text.
-%                                 --kasal, 21nov03
-\def\entry{%
-  \begingroup
-    %
-    % Start a new paragraph if necessary, so our assignments below can't
-    % affect previous text.
-    \par
-    %
-    % Do not fill out the last line with white space.
-    \parfillskip = 0in
-    %
-    % No extra space above this paragraph.
-    \parskip = 0in
-    %
-    % Do not prefer a separate line ending with a hyphen to fewer lines.
-    \finalhyphendemerits = 0
-    %
-    % \hangindent is only relevant when the entry text and page number
-    % don't both fit on one line.  In that case, bob suggests starting the
-    % dots pretty far over on the line.  Unfortunately, a large
-    % indentation looks wrong when the entry text itself is broken across
-    % lines.  So we use a small indentation and put up with long leaders.
-    %
-    % \hangafter is reset to 1 (which is the value we want) at the start
-    % of each paragraph, so we need not do anything with that.
-    \hangindent = 2em
-    %
-    % When the entry text needs to be broken, just fill out the first line
-    % with blank space.
-    \rightskip = 0pt plus1fil
-    %
-    % A bit of stretch before each entry for the benefit of balancing
-    % columns.
-    \vskip 0pt plus1pt
-    %
-    % Swallow the left brace of the text (first parameter):
-    \afterassignment\doentry
-    \let\temp =
-}
-\def\doentry{%
-    \bgroup % Instead of the swallowed brace.
-      \noindent
-      \aftergroup\finishentry
-      % And now comes the text of the entry.
-}
-\def\finishentry#1{%
-    % #1 is the page number.
-    %
-    % The following is kludged to not output a line of dots in the index if
-    % there are no page numbers.  The next person who breaks this will be
-    % cursed by a Unix daemon.
-    \def\tempa{{\rm }}%
-    \def\tempb{#1}%
-    \edef\tempc{\tempa}%
-    \edef\tempd{\tempb}%
-    \ifx\tempc\tempd
-      \ %
-    \else
-      %
-      % If we must, put the page number on a line of its own, and fill out
-      % this line with blank space.  (The \hfil is overwhelmed with the
-      % fill leaders glue in \indexdotfill if the page number does fit.)
-      \hfil\penalty50
-      \null\nobreak\indexdotfill % Have leaders before the page number.
-      %
-      % The `\ ' here is removed by the implicit \unskip that TeX does as
-      % part of (the primitive) \par.  Without it, a spurious underfull
-      % \hbox ensues.
-      \ifpdf
-	\pdfgettoks#1.%
-	\ \the\toksA
-      \else
-	\ #1%
-      \fi
-    \fi
-    \par
-  \endgroup
-}
-
-% Like \dotfill except takes at least 1 em.
-\def\indexdotfill{\cleaders
-  \hbox{$\mathsurround=0pt \mkern1.5mu ${\it .}$ \mkern1.5mu$}\hskip 1em plus 1fill}
-
-\def\primary #1{\line{#1\hfil}}
-
-\newskip\secondaryindent \secondaryindent=0.5cm
-\def\secondary#1#2{{%
-  \parfillskip=0in
-  \parskip=0in
-  \hangindent=1in
-  \hangafter=1
-  \noindent\hskip\secondaryindent\hbox{#1}\indexdotfill
-  \ifpdf
-    \pdfgettoks#2.\ \the\toksA % The page number ends the paragraph.
-  \else
-    #2
-  \fi
-  \par
-}}
-
-% Define two-column mode, which we use to typeset indexes.
-% Adapted from the TeXbook, page 416, which is to say,
-% the manmac.tex format used to print the TeXbook itself.
-\catcode`\@=11
-
-\newbox\partialpage
-\newdimen\doublecolumnhsize
-
-\def\begindoublecolumns{\begingroup % ended by \enddoublecolumns
-  % Grab any single-column material above us.
-  \output = {%
-    %
-    % Here is a possibility not foreseen in manmac: if we accumulate a
-    % whole lot of material, we might end up calling this \output
-    % routine twice in a row (see the doublecol-lose test, which is
-    % essentially a couple of indexes with @setchapternewpage off).  In
-    % that case we just ship out what is in \partialpage with the normal
-    % output routine.  Generally, \partialpage will be empty when this
-    % runs and this will be a no-op.  See the indexspread.tex test case.
-    \ifvoid\partialpage \else
-      \onepageout{\pagecontents\partialpage}%
-    \fi
-    %
-    \global\setbox\partialpage = \vbox{%
-      % Unvbox the main output page.
-      \unvbox\PAGE
-      \kern-\topskip \kern\baselineskip
-    }%
-  }%
-  \eject % run that output routine to set \partialpage
-  %
-  % Use the double-column output routine for subsequent pages.
-  \output = {\doublecolumnout}%
-  %
-  % Change the page size parameters.  We could do this once outside this
-  % routine, in each of @smallbook, @afourpaper, and the default 8.5x11
-  % format, but then we repeat the same computation.  Repeating a couple
-  % of assignments once per index is clearly meaningless for the
-  % execution time, so we may as well do it in one place.
-  %
-  % First we halve the line length, less a little for the gutter between
-  % the columns.  We compute the gutter based on the line length, so it
-  % changes automatically with the paper format.  The magic constant
-  % below is chosen so that the gutter has the same value (well, +-<1pt)
-  % as it did when we hard-coded it.
-  %
-  % We put the result in a separate register, \doublecolumhsize, so we
-  % can restore it in \pagesofar, after \hsize itself has (potentially)
-  % been clobbered.
-  %
-  \doublecolumnhsize = \hsize
-    \advance\doublecolumnhsize by -.04154\hsize
-    \divide\doublecolumnhsize by 2
-  \hsize = \doublecolumnhsize
-  %
-  % Double the \vsize as well.  (We don't need a separate register here,
-  % since nobody clobbers \vsize.)
-  \vsize = 2\vsize
-}
-
-% The double-column output routine for all double-column pages except
-% the last.
-%
-\def\doublecolumnout{%
-  \splittopskip=\topskip \splitmaxdepth=\maxdepth
-  % Get the available space for the double columns -- the normal
-  % (undoubled) page height minus any material left over from the
-  % previous page.
-  \dimen@ = \vsize
-  \divide\dimen@ by 2
-  \advance\dimen@ by -\ht\partialpage
-  %
-  % box0 will be the left-hand column, box2 the right.
-  \setbox0=\vsplit255 to\dimen@ \setbox2=\vsplit255 to\dimen@
-  \onepageout\pagesofar
-  \unvbox255
-  \penalty\outputpenalty
-}
-%
-% Re-output the contents of the output page -- any previous material,
-% followed by the two boxes we just split, in box0 and box2.
-\def\pagesofar{%
-  \unvbox\partialpage
-  %
-  \hsize = \doublecolumnhsize
-  \wd0=\hsize \wd2=\hsize
-  \hbox to\pagewidth{\box0\hfil\box2}%
-}
-%
-% All done with double columns.
-\def\enddoublecolumns{%
-  \output = {%
-    % Split the last of the double-column material.  Leave it on the
-    % current page, no automatic page break.
-    \balancecolumns
-    %
-    % If we end up splitting too much material for the current page,
-    % though, there will be another page break right after this \output
-    % invocation ends.  Having called \balancecolumns once, we do not
-    % want to call it again.  Therefore, reset \output to its normal
-    % definition right away.  (We hope \balancecolumns will never be
-    % called on to balance too much material, but if it is, this makes
-    % the output somewhat more palatable.)
-    \global\output = {\onepageout{\pagecontents\PAGE}}%
-  }%
-  \eject
-  \endgroup % started in \begindoublecolumns
-  %
-  % \pagegoal was set to the doubled \vsize above, since we restarted
-  % the current page.  We're now back to normal single-column
-  % typesetting, so reset \pagegoal to the normal \vsize (after the
-  % \endgroup where \vsize got restored).
-  \pagegoal = \vsize
-}
-%
-% Called at the end of the double column material.
-\def\balancecolumns{%
-  \setbox0 = \vbox{\unvbox255}% like \box255 but more efficient, see p.120.
-  \dimen@ = \ht0
-  \advance\dimen@ by \topskip
-  \advance\dimen@ by-\baselineskip
-  \divide\dimen@ by 2 % target to split to
-  %debug\message{final 2-column material height=\the\ht0, target=\the\dimen@.}%
-  \splittopskip = \topskip
-  % Loop until we get a decent breakpoint.
-  {%
-    \vbadness = 10000
-    \loop
-      \global\setbox3 = \copy0
-      \global\setbox1 = \vsplit3 to \dimen@
-    \ifdim\ht3>\dimen@
-      \global\advance\dimen@ by 1pt
-    \repeat
-  }%
-  %debug\message{split to \the\dimen@, column heights: \the\ht1, \the\ht3.}%
-  \setbox0=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox1}%
-  \setbox2=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox3}%
-  %
-  \pagesofar
-}
-\catcode`\@ = \other
-
-
-\message{sectioning,}
-% Chapters, sections, etc.
-
-% \unnumberedno is an oxymoron, of course.  But we count the unnumbered
-% sections so that we can refer to them unambiguously in the pdf
-% outlines by their "section number".  We avoid collisions with chapter
-% numbers by starting them at 10000.  (If a document ever has 10000
-% chapters, we're in trouble anyway, I'm sure.)
-\newcount\unnumberedno \unnumberedno = 10000
-\newcount\chapno
-\newcount\secno        \secno=0
-\newcount\subsecno     \subsecno=0
-\newcount\subsubsecno  \subsubsecno=0
-
-% This counter is funny since it counts through charcodes of letters A, B, ...
-\newcount\appendixno  \appendixno = `\@
-%
-% \def\appendixletter{\char\the\appendixno}
-% We do the following ugly conditional instead of the above simple
-% construct for the sake of pdftex, which needs the actual
-% letter in the expansion, not just typeset.
-%
-\def\appendixletter{%
-  \ifnum\appendixno=`A A%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`B B%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`C C%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`D D%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`E E%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`F F%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`G G%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`H H%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`I I%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`J J%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`K K%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`L L%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`M M%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`N N%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`O O%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`P P%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`Q Q%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`R R%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`S S%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`T T%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`U U%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`V V%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`W W%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`X X%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`Y Y%
-  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`Z Z%
-  % The \the is necessary, despite appearances, because \appendixletter is
-  % expanded while writing the .toc file.  \char\appendixno is not
-  % expandable, thus it is written literally, thus all appendixes come out
-  % with the same letter (or @) in the toc without it.
-  \else\char\the\appendixno
-  \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
-  \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi}
-
-% Each @chapter defines this as the name of the chapter.
-% page headings and footings can use it.  @section does likewise.
-% However, they are not reliable, because we don't use marks.
-\def\thischapter{}
-\def\thissection{}
-
-\newcount\absseclevel % used to calculate proper heading level
-\newcount\secbase\secbase=0 % @raisesections/@lowersections modify this count
-
-% @raisesections: treat @section as chapter, @subsection as section, etc.
-\def\raisesections{\global\advance\secbase by -1}
-\let\up=\raisesections % original BFox name
-
-% @lowersections: treat @chapter as section, @section as subsection, etc.
-\def\lowersections{\global\advance\secbase by 1}
-\let\down=\lowersections % original BFox name
-
-% we only have subsub.
-\chardef\maxseclevel = 3
-%
-% A numbered section within an unnumbered changes to unnumbered too.
-% To achive this, remember the "biggest" unnum. sec. we are currently in:
-\chardef\unmlevel = \maxseclevel
-%
-% Trace whether the current chapter is an appendix or not:
-% \chapheadtype is "N" or "A", unnumbered chapters are ignored.
-\def\chapheadtype{N}
-
-% Choose a heading macro
-% #1 is heading type
-% #2 is heading level
-% #3 is text for heading
-\def\genhead#1#2#3{%
-  % Compute the abs. sec. level:
-  \absseclevel=#2
-  \advance\absseclevel by \secbase
-  % Make sure \absseclevel doesn't fall outside the range:
-  \ifnum \absseclevel < 0
-    \absseclevel = 0
-  \else
-    \ifnum \absseclevel > 3
-      \absseclevel = 3
-    \fi
-  \fi
-  % The heading type:
-  \def\headtype{#1}%
-  \if \headtype U%
-    \ifnum \absseclevel < \unmlevel
-      \chardef\unmlevel = \absseclevel
-    \fi
-  \else
-    % Check for appendix sections:
-    \ifnum \absseclevel = 0
-      \edef\chapheadtype{\headtype}%
-    \else
-      \if \headtype A\if \chapheadtype N%
-	\errmessage{@appendix... within a non-appendix chapter}%
-      \fi\fi
-    \fi
-    % Check for numbered within unnumbered:
-    \ifnum \absseclevel > \unmlevel
-      \def\headtype{U}%
-    \else
-      \chardef\unmlevel = 3
-    \fi
-  \fi
-  % Now print the heading:
-  \if \headtype U%
-    \ifcase\absseclevel
-	\unnumberedzzz{#3}%
-    \or \unnumberedseczzz{#3}%
-    \or \unnumberedsubseczzz{#3}%
-    \or \unnumberedsubsubseczzz{#3}%
-    \fi
-  \else
-    \if \headtype A%
-      \ifcase\absseclevel
-	  \appendixzzz{#3}%
-      \or \appendixsectionzzz{#3}%
-      \or \appendixsubseczzz{#3}%
-      \or \appendixsubsubseczzz{#3}%
-      \fi
-    \else
-      \ifcase\absseclevel
-	  \chapterzzz{#3}%
-      \or \seczzz{#3}%
-      \or \numberedsubseczzz{#3}%
-      \or \numberedsubsubseczzz{#3}%
-      \fi
-    \fi
-  \fi
-  \suppressfirstparagraphindent
-}
-
-% an interface:
-\def\numhead{\genhead N}
-\def\apphead{\genhead A}
-\def\unnmhead{\genhead U}
-
-% @chapter, @appendix, @unnumbered.  Increment top-level counter, reset
-% all lower-level sectioning counters to zero.
-%
-% Also set \chaplevelprefix, which we prepend to @float sequence numbers
-% (e.g., figures), q.v.  By default (before any chapter), that is empty.
-\let\chaplevelprefix = \empty
-%
-\outer\parseargdef\chapter{\numhead0{#1}} % normally numhead0 calls chapterzzz
-\def\chapterzzz#1{%
-  % section resetting is \global in case the chapter is in a group, such
-  % as an @include file.
-  \global\secno=0 \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0
-    \global\advance\chapno by 1
-  %
-  % Used for \float.
-  \gdef\chaplevelprefix{\the\chapno.}%
-  \resetallfloatnos
-  %
-  \message{\putwordChapter\space \the\chapno}%
-  %
-  % Write the actual heading.
-  \chapmacro{#1}{Ynumbered}{\the\chapno}%
-  %
-  % So @section and the like are numbered underneath this chapter.
-  \global\let\section = \numberedsec
-  \global\let\subsection = \numberedsubsec
-  \global\let\subsubsection = \numberedsubsubsec
-}
-
-\outer\parseargdef\appendix{\apphead0{#1}} % normally apphead0 calls appendixzzz
-\def\appendixzzz#1{%
-  \global\secno=0 \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0
-    \global\advance\appendixno by 1
-  \gdef\chaplevelprefix{\appendixletter.}%
-  \resetallfloatnos
-  %
-  \def\appendixnum{\putwordAppendix\space \appendixletter}%
-  \message{\appendixnum}%
-  %
-  \chapmacro{#1}{Yappendix}{\appendixletter}%
-  %
-  \global\let\section = \appendixsec
-  \global\let\subsection = \appendixsubsec
-  \global\let\subsubsection = \appendixsubsubsec
-}
-
-\outer\parseargdef\unnumbered{\unnmhead0{#1}} % normally unnmhead0 calls unnumberedzzz
-\def\unnumberedzzz#1{%
-  \global\secno=0 \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0
-    \global\advance\unnumberedno by 1
-  %
-  % Since an unnumbered has no number, no prefix for figures.
-  \global\let\chaplevelprefix = \empty
-  \resetallfloatnos
-  %
-  % This used to be simply \message{#1}, but TeX fully expands the
-  % argument to \message.  Therefore, if #1 contained @-commands, TeX
-  % expanded them.  For example, in `@unnumbered The @cite{Book}', TeX
-  % expanded @cite (which turns out to cause errors because \cite is meant
-  % to be executed, not expanded).
-  %
-  % Anyway, we don't want the fully-expanded definition of @cite to appear
-  % as a result of the \message, we just want `@cite' itself.  We use
-  % \the<toks register> to achieve this: TeX expands \the<toks> only once,
-  % simply yielding the contents of <toks register>.  (We also do this for
-  % the toc entries.)
-  \toks0 = {#1}%
-  \message{(\the\toks0)}%
-  %
-  \chapmacro{#1}{Ynothing}{\the\unnumberedno}%
-  %
-  \global\let\section = \unnumberedsec
-  \global\let\subsection = \unnumberedsubsec
-  \global\let\subsubsection = \unnumberedsubsubsec
-}
-
-% @centerchap is like @unnumbered, but the heading is centered.
-\outer\parseargdef\centerchap{%
-  % Well, we could do the following in a group, but that would break
-  % an assumption that \chapmacro is called at the outermost level.
-  % Thus we are safer this way:		--kasal, 24feb04
-  \let\centerparametersmaybe = \centerparameters
-  \unnmhead0{#1}%
-  \let\centerparametersmaybe = \relax
-}
-
-% @top is like @unnumbered.
-\let\top\unnumbered
-
-% Sections.
-\outer\parseargdef\numberedsec{\numhead1{#1}} % normally calls seczzz
-\def\seczzz#1{%
-  \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0  \global\advance\secno by 1
-  \sectionheading{#1}{sec}{Ynumbered}{\the\chapno.\the\secno}%
-}
-
-\outer\parseargdef\appendixsection{\apphead1{#1}} % normally calls appendixsectionzzz
-\def\appendixsectionzzz#1{%
-  \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0  \global\advance\secno by 1
-  \sectionheading{#1}{sec}{Yappendix}{\appendixletter.\the\secno}%
-}
-\let\appendixsec\appendixsection
-
-\outer\parseargdef\unnumberedsec{\unnmhead1{#1}} % normally calls unnumberedseczzz
-\def\unnumberedseczzz#1{%
-  \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0  \global\advance\secno by 1
-  \sectionheading{#1}{sec}{Ynothing}{\the\unnumberedno.\the\secno}%
-}
-
-% Subsections.
-\outer\parseargdef\numberedsubsec{\numhead2{#1}} % normally calls numberedsubseczzz
-\def\numberedsubseczzz#1{%
-  \global\subsubsecno=0  \global\advance\subsecno by 1
-  \sectionheading{#1}{subsec}{Ynumbered}{\the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno}%
-}
-
-\outer\parseargdef\appendixsubsec{\apphead2{#1}} % normally calls appendixsubseczzz
-\def\appendixsubseczzz#1{%
-  \global\subsubsecno=0  \global\advance\subsecno by 1
-  \sectionheading{#1}{subsec}{Yappendix}%
-                 {\appendixletter.\the\secno.\the\subsecno}%
-}
-
-\outer\parseargdef\unnumberedsubsec{\unnmhead2{#1}} %normally calls unnumberedsubseczzz
-\def\unnumberedsubseczzz#1{%
-  \global\subsubsecno=0  \global\advance\subsecno by 1
-  \sectionheading{#1}{subsec}{Ynothing}%
-                 {\the\unnumberedno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno}%
-}
-
-% Subsubsections.
-\outer\parseargdef\numberedsubsubsec{\numhead3{#1}} % normally numberedsubsubseczzz
-\def\numberedsubsubseczzz#1{%
-  \global\advance\subsubsecno by 1
-  \sectionheading{#1}{subsubsec}{Ynumbered}%
-                 {\the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno}%
-}
-
-\outer\parseargdef\appendixsubsubsec{\apphead3{#1}} % normally appendixsubsubseczzz
-\def\appendixsubsubseczzz#1{%
-  \global\advance\subsubsecno by 1
-  \sectionheading{#1}{subsubsec}{Yappendix}%
-                 {\appendixletter.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno}%
-}
-
-\outer\parseargdef\unnumberedsubsubsec{\unnmhead3{#1}} %normally unnumberedsubsubseczzz
-\def\unnumberedsubsubseczzz#1{%
-  \global\advance\subsubsecno by 1
-  \sectionheading{#1}{subsubsec}{Ynothing}%
-                 {\the\unnumberedno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno}%
-}
-
-% These macros control what the section commands do, according
-% to what kind of chapter we are in (ordinary, appendix, or unnumbered).
-% Define them by default for a numbered chapter.
-\let\section = \numberedsec
-\let\subsection = \numberedsubsec
-\let\subsubsection = \numberedsubsubsec
-
-% Define @majorheading, @heading and @subheading
-
-% NOTE on use of \vbox for chapter headings, section headings, and such:
-%       1) We use \vbox rather than the earlier \line to permit
-%          overlong headings to fold.
-%       2) \hyphenpenalty is set to 10000 because hyphenation in a
-%          heading is obnoxious; this forbids it.
-%       3) Likewise, headings look best if no \parindent is used, and
-%          if justification is not attempted.  Hence \raggedright.
-
-
-\def\majorheading{%
-  {\advance\chapheadingskip by 10pt \chapbreak }%
-  \parsearg\chapheadingzzz
-}
-
-\def\chapheading{\chapbreak \parsearg\chapheadingzzz}
-\def\chapheadingzzz#1{%
-  {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
-                    \parindent=0pt\raggedright
-                    \rm #1\hfill}}%
-  \bigskip \par\penalty 200\relax
-  \suppressfirstparagraphindent
-}
-
-% @heading, @subheading, @subsubheading.
-\parseargdef\heading{\sectionheading{#1}{sec}{Yomitfromtoc}{}
-  \suppressfirstparagraphindent}
-\parseargdef\subheading{\sectionheading{#1}{subsec}{Yomitfromtoc}{}
-  \suppressfirstparagraphindent}
-\parseargdef\subsubheading{\sectionheading{#1}{subsubsec}{Yomitfromtoc}{}
-  \suppressfirstparagraphindent}
-
-% These macros generate a chapter, section, etc. heading only
-% (including whitespace, linebreaking, etc. around it),
-% given all the information in convenient, parsed form.
-
-%%% Args are the skip and penalty (usually negative)
-\def\dobreak#1#2{\par\ifdim\lastskip<#1\removelastskip\penalty#2\vskip#1\fi}
-
-%%% Define plain chapter starts, and page on/off switching for it
-% Parameter controlling skip before chapter headings (if needed)
-
-\newskip\chapheadingskip
-
-\def\chapbreak{\dobreak \chapheadingskip {-4000}}
-\def\chappager{\par\vfill\supereject}
-\def\chapoddpage{\chappager \ifodd\pageno \else \hbox to 0pt{} \chappager\fi}
-
-\def\setchapternewpage #1 {\csname CHAPPAG#1\endcsname}
-
-\def\CHAPPAGoff{%
-\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
-\global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapbreak
-\global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager}
-
-\def\CHAPPAGon{%
-\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
-\global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chappager
-\global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager
-\global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSsingle}}
-
-\def\CHAPPAGodd{%
-\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chapoddpage
-\global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapoddpage
-\global\let\pagealignmacro=\chapoddpage
-\global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble}}
-
-\CHAPPAGon
-
-% Chapter opening.
-%
-% #1 is the text, #2 is the section type (Ynumbered, Ynothing,
-% Yappendix, Yomitfromtoc), #3 the chapter number.
-%
-% To test against our argument.
-\def\Ynothingkeyword{Ynothing}
-\def\Yomitfromtockeyword{Yomitfromtoc}
-\def\Yappendixkeyword{Yappendix}
-%
-\def\chapmacro#1#2#3{%
-  \pchapsepmacro
-  {%
-    \chapfonts \rm
-    %
-    % Have to define \thissection before calling \donoderef, because the
-    % xref code eventually uses it.  On the other hand, it has to be called
-    % after \pchapsepmacro, or the headline will change too soon.
-    \gdef\thissection{#1}%
-    \gdef\thischaptername{#1}%
-    %
-    % Only insert the separating space if we have a chapter/appendix
-    % number, and don't print the unnumbered ``number''.
-    \def\temptype{#2}%
-    \ifx\temptype\Ynothingkeyword
-      \setbox0 = \hbox{}%
-      \def\toctype{unnchap}%
-      \gdef\thischapter{#1}%
-    \else\ifx\temptype\Yomitfromtockeyword
-      \setbox0 = \hbox{}% contents like unnumbered, but no toc entry
-      \def\toctype{omit}%
-      \gdef\thischapter{}%
-    \else\ifx\temptype\Yappendixkeyword
-      \setbox0 = \hbox{\putwordAppendix{} #3\enspace}%
-      \def\toctype{app}%
-      % We don't substitute the actual chapter name into \thischapter
-      % because we don't want its macros evaluated now.  And we don't
-      % use \thissection because that changes with each section.
-      %
-      \xdef\thischapter{\putwordAppendix{} \appendixletter:
-                        \noexpand\thischaptername}%
-    \else
-      \setbox0 = \hbox{#3\enspace}%
-      \def\toctype{numchap}%
-      \xdef\thischapter{\putwordChapter{} \the\chapno:
-                        \noexpand\thischaptername}%
-    \fi\fi\fi
-    %
-    % Write the toc entry for this chapter.  Must come before the
-    % \donoderef, because we include the current node name in the toc
-    % entry, and \donoderef resets it to empty.
-    \writetocentry{\toctype}{#1}{#3}%
-    %
-    % For pdftex, we have to write out the node definition (aka, make
-    % the pdfdest) after any page break, but before the actual text has
-    % been typeset.  If the destination for the pdf outline is after the
-    % text, then jumping from the outline may wind up with the text not
-    % being visible, for instance under high magnification.
-    \donoderef{#2}%
-    %
-    % Typeset the actual heading.
-    \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000 \tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt \raggedright
-          \hangindent=\wd0 \centerparametersmaybe
-          \unhbox0 #1\par}%
-  }%
-  \nobreak\bigskip % no page break after a chapter title
-  \nobreak
-}
-
-% @centerchap -- centered and unnumbered.
-\let\centerparametersmaybe = \relax
-\def\centerparameters{%
-  \advance\rightskip by 3\rightskip
-  \leftskip = \rightskip
-  \parfillskip = 0pt
-}
-
-
-% I don't think this chapter style is supported any more, so I'm not
-% updating it with the new noderef stuff.  We'll see.  --karl, 11aug03.
-%
-\def\setchapterstyle #1 {\csname CHAPF#1\endcsname}
-%
-\def\unnchfopen #1{%
-\chapoddpage {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
-                       \parindent=0pt\raggedright
-                       \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\nobreak
-}
-\def\chfopen #1#2{\chapoddpage {\chapfonts
-\vbox to 3in{\vfil \hbox to\hsize{\hfil #2} \hbox to\hsize{\hfil #1} \vfil}}%
-\par\penalty 5000 %
-}
-\def\centerchfopen #1{%
-\chapoddpage {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
-                       \parindent=0pt
-                       \hfill {\rm #1}\hfill}}\bigskip \par\nobreak
-}
-\def\CHAPFopen{%
-  \global\let\chapmacro=\chfopen
-  \global\let\centerchapmacro=\centerchfopen}
-
-
-% Section titles.  These macros combine the section number parts and
-% call the generic \sectionheading to do the printing.
-%
-\newskip\secheadingskip
-\def\secheadingbreak{\dobreak \secheadingskip{-1000}}
-
-% Subsection titles.
-\newskip\subsecheadingskip
-\def\subsecheadingbreak{\dobreak \subsecheadingskip{-500}}
-
-% Subsubsection titles.
-\def\subsubsecheadingskip{\subsecheadingskip}
-\def\subsubsecheadingbreak{\subsecheadingbreak}
-
-
-% Print any size, any type, section title.
-%
-% #1 is the text, #2 is the section level (sec/subsec/subsubsec), #3 is
-% the section type for xrefs (Ynumbered, Ynothing, Yappendix), #4 is the
-% section number.
-%
-\def\sectionheading#1#2#3#4{%
-  {%
-    % Switch to the right set of fonts.
-    \csname #2fonts\endcsname \rm
-    %
-    % Insert space above the heading.
-    \csname #2headingbreak\endcsname
-    %
-    % Only insert the space after the number if we have a section number.
-    \def\sectionlevel{#2}%
-    \def\temptype{#3}%
-    %
-    \ifx\temptype\Ynothingkeyword
-      \setbox0 = \hbox{}%
-      \def\toctype{unn}%
-      \gdef\thissection{#1}%
-    \else\ifx\temptype\Yomitfromtockeyword
-      % for @headings -- no section number, don't include in toc,
-      % and don't redefine \thissection.
-      \setbox0 = \hbox{}%
-      \def\toctype{omit}%
-      \let\sectionlevel=\empty
-    \else\ifx\temptype\Yappendixkeyword
-      \setbox0 = \hbox{#4\enspace}%
-      \def\toctype{app}%
-      \gdef\thissection{#1}%
-    \else
-      \setbox0 = \hbox{#4\enspace}%
-      \def\toctype{num}%
-      \gdef\thissection{#1}%
-    \fi\fi\fi
-    %
-    % Write the toc entry (before \donoderef).  See comments in \chfplain.
-    \writetocentry{\toctype\sectionlevel}{#1}{#4}%
-    %
-    % Write the node reference (= pdf destination for pdftex).
-    % Again, see comments in \chfplain.
-    \donoderef{#3}%
-    %
-    % Output the actual section heading.
-    \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000 \tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt \raggedright
-          \hangindent=\wd0  % zero if no section number
-          \unhbox0 #1}%
-  }%
-  % Add extra space after the heading -- half of whatever came above it.
-  % Don't allow stretch, though.
-  \kern .5 \csname #2headingskip\endcsname
-  %
-  % Do not let the kern be a potential breakpoint, as it would be if it
-  % was followed by glue.
-  \nobreak
-  %
-  % We'll almost certainly start a paragraph next, so don't let that
-  % glue accumulate.  (Not a breakpoint because it's preceded by a
-  % discardable item.)
-  \vskip-\parskip
-  % 
-  % This is purely so the last item on the list is a known \penalty >
-  % 10000.  This is so \startdefun can avoid allowing breakpoints after
-  % section headings.  Otherwise, it would insert a valid breakpoint between:
-  % 
-  %   @section sec-whatever
-  %   @deffn def-whatever
-  \penalty 10001
-}
-
-
-\message{toc,}
-% Table of contents.
-\newwrite\tocfile
-
-% Write an entry to the toc file, opening it if necessary.
-% Called from @chapter, etc.
-%
-% Example usage: \writetocentry{sec}{Section Name}{\the\chapno.\the\secno}
-% We append the current node name (if any) and page number as additional
-% arguments for the \{chap,sec,...}entry macros which will eventually
-% read this.  The node name is used in the pdf outlines as the
-% destination to jump to.
-%
-% We open the .toc file for writing here instead of at @setfilename (or
-% any other fixed time) so that @contents can be anywhere in the document.
-% But if #1 is `omit', then we don't do anything.  This is used for the
-% table of contents chapter openings themselves.
-%
-\newif\iftocfileopened
-\def\omitkeyword{omit}%
-%
-\def\writetocentry#1#2#3{%
-  \edef\writetoctype{#1}%
-  \ifx\writetoctype\omitkeyword \else
-    \iftocfileopened\else
-      \immediate\openout\tocfile = \jobname.toc
-      \global\tocfileopenedtrue
-    \fi
-    %
-    \iflinks
-      \toks0 = {#2}%
-      \toks2 = \expandafter{\lastnode}%
-      \edef\temp{\write\tocfile{\realbackslash #1entry{\the\toks0}{#3}%
-                               {\the\toks2}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
-      \temp
-    \fi
-  \fi
-  %
-  % Tell \shipout to create a pdf destination on each page, if we're
-  % writing pdf.  These are used in the table of contents.  We can't
-  % just write one on every page because the title pages are numbered
-  % 1 and 2 (the page numbers aren't printed), and so are the first
-  % two pages of the document.  Thus, we'd have two destinations named
-  % `1', and two named `2'.
-  \ifpdf \global\pdfmakepagedesttrue \fi
-}
-
-\newskip\contentsrightmargin \contentsrightmargin=1in
-\newcount\savepageno
-\newcount\lastnegativepageno \lastnegativepageno = -1
-
-% Prepare to read what we've written to \tocfile.
-%
-\def\startcontents#1{%
-  % If @setchapternewpage on, and @headings double, the contents should
-  % start on an odd page, unlike chapters.  Thus, we maintain
-  % \contentsalignmacro in parallel with \pagealignmacro.
-  % From: Torbjorn Granlund <tege@matematik.su.se>
-  \contentsalignmacro
-  \immediate\closeout\tocfile
-  %
-  % Don't need to put `Contents' or `Short Contents' in the headline.
-  % It is abundantly clear what they are.
-  \def\thischapter{}%
-  \chapmacro{#1}{Yomitfromtoc}{}%
-  %
-  \savepageno = \pageno
-  \begingroup                  % Set up to handle contents files properly.
-    \catcode`\\=0  \catcode`\{=1  \catcode`\}=2  \catcode`\@=11
-    % We can't do this, because then an actual ^ in a section
-    % title fails, e.g., @chapter ^ -- exponentiation.  --karl, 9jul97.
-    %\catcode`\^=7 % to see ^^e4 as \"a etc. juha@piuha.ydi.vtt.fi
-    \raggedbottom             % Worry more about breakpoints than the bottom.
-    \advance\hsize by -\contentsrightmargin % Don't use the full line length.
-    %
-    % Roman numerals for page numbers.
-    \ifnum \pageno>0 \global\pageno = \lastnegativepageno \fi
-}
-
-
-% Normal (long) toc.
-\def\contents{%
-  \startcontents{\putwordTOC}%
-    \openin 1 \jobname.toc
-    \ifeof 1 \else
-      \input \jobname.toc
-    \fi
-    \vfill \eject
-    \contentsalignmacro % in case @setchapternewpage odd is in effect
-    \ifeof 1 \else
-      \pdfmakeoutlines
-    \fi
-    \closein 1
-  \endgroup
-  \lastnegativepageno = \pageno
-  \global\pageno = \savepageno
-}
-
-% And just the chapters.
-\def\summarycontents{%
-  \startcontents{\putwordShortTOC}%
-    %
-    \let\numchapentry = \shortchapentry
-    \let\appentry = \shortchapentry
-    \let\unnchapentry = \shortunnchapentry
-    % We want a true roman here for the page numbers.
-    \secfonts
-    \let\rm=\shortcontrm \let\bf=\shortcontbf
-    \let\sl=\shortcontsl \let\tt=\shortconttt
-    \rm
-    \hyphenpenalty = 10000
-    \advance\baselineskip by 1pt % Open it up a little.
-    \def\numsecentry##1##2##3##4{}
-    \let\appsecentry = \numsecentry
-    \let\unnsecentry = \numsecentry
-    \let\numsubsecentry = \numsecentry
-    \let\appsubsecentry = \numsecentry
-    \let\unnsubsecentry = \numsecentry
-    \let\numsubsubsecentry = \numsecentry
-    \let\appsubsubsecentry = \numsecentry
-    \let\unnsubsubsecentry = \numsecentry
-    \openin 1 \jobname.toc
-    \ifeof 1 \else
-      \input \jobname.toc
-    \fi
-    \closein 1
-    \vfill \eject
-    \contentsalignmacro % in case @setchapternewpage odd is in effect
-  \endgroup
-  \lastnegativepageno = \pageno
-  \global\pageno = \savepageno
-}
-\let\shortcontents = \summarycontents
-
-% Typeset the label for a chapter or appendix for the short contents.
-% The arg is, e.g., `A' for an appendix, or `3' for a chapter.
-%
-\def\shortchaplabel#1{%
-  % This space should be enough, since a single number is .5em, and the
-  % widest letter (M) is 1em, at least in the Computer Modern fonts.
-  % But use \hss just in case.
-  % (This space doesn't include the extra space that gets added after
-  % the label; that gets put in by \shortchapentry above.)
-  %
-  % We'd like to right-justify chapter numbers, but that looks strange
-  % with appendix letters.  And right-justifying numbers and
-  % left-justifying letters looks strange when there is less than 10
-  % chapters.  Have to read the whole toc once to know how many chapters
-  % there are before deciding ...
-  \hbox to 1em{#1\hss}%
-}
-
-% These macros generate individual entries in the table of contents.
-% The first argument is the chapter or section name.
-% The last argument is the page number.
-% The arguments in between are the chapter number, section number, ...
-
-% Chapters, in the main contents.
-\def\numchapentry#1#2#3#4{\dochapentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#4}}
-%
-% Chapters, in the short toc.
-% See comments in \dochapentry re vbox and related settings.
-\def\shortchapentry#1#2#3#4{%
-  \tocentry{\shortchaplabel{#2}\labelspace #1}{\doshortpageno\bgroup#4\egroup}%
-}
-
-% Appendices, in the main contents.
-% Need the word Appendix, and a fixed-size box.
-%
-\def\appendixbox#1{%
-  % We use M since it's probably the widest letter.
-  \setbox0 = \hbox{\putwordAppendix{} M}%
-  \hbox to \wd0{\putwordAppendix{} #1\hss}}
-%
-\def\appentry#1#2#3#4{\dochapentry{\appendixbox{#2}\labelspace#1}{#4}}
-
-% Unnumbered chapters.
-\def\unnchapentry#1#2#3#4{\dochapentry{#1}{#4}}
-\def\shortunnchapentry#1#2#3#4{\tocentry{#1}{\doshortpageno\bgroup#4\egroup}}
-
-% Sections.
-\def\numsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosecentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#4}}
-\let\appsecentry=\numsecentry
-\def\unnsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosecentry{#1}{#4}}
-
-% Subsections.
-\def\numsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsecentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#4}}
-\let\appsubsecentry=\numsubsecentry
-\def\unnsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsecentry{#1}{#4}}
-
-% And subsubsections.
-\def\numsubsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsubsecentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#4}}
-\let\appsubsubsecentry=\numsubsubsecentry
-\def\unnsubsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsubsecentry{#1}{#4}}
-
-% This parameter controls the indentation of the various levels.
-% Same as \defaultparindent.
-\newdimen\tocindent \tocindent = 15pt
-
-% Now for the actual typesetting. In all these, #1 is the text and #2 is the
-% page number.
-%
-% If the toc has to be broken over pages, we want it to be at chapters
-% if at all possible; hence the \penalty.
-\def\dochapentry#1#2{%
-   \penalty-300 \vskip1\baselineskip plus.33\baselineskip minus.25\baselineskip
-   \begingroup
-     \chapentryfonts
-     \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
-   \endgroup
-   \nobreak\vskip .25\baselineskip plus.1\baselineskip
-}
-
-\def\dosecentry#1#2{\begingroup
-  \secentryfonts \leftskip=\tocindent
-  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
-\endgroup}
-
-\def\dosubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup
-  \subsecentryfonts \leftskip=2\tocindent
-  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
-\endgroup}
-
-\def\dosubsubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup
-  \subsubsecentryfonts \leftskip=3\tocindent
-  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
-\endgroup}
-
-% We use the same \entry macro as for the index entries.
-\let\tocentry = \entry
-
-% Space between chapter (or whatever) number and the title.
-\def\labelspace{\hskip1em \relax}
-
-\def\dopageno#1{{\rm #1}}
-\def\doshortpageno#1{{\rm #1}}
-
-\def\chapentryfonts{\secfonts \rm}
-\def\secentryfonts{\textfonts}
-\def\subsecentryfonts{\textfonts}
-\def\subsubsecentryfonts{\textfonts}
-
-
-\message{environments,}
-% @foo ... @end foo.
-
-% @point{}, @result{}, @expansion{}, @print{}, @equiv{}.
-%
-% Since these characters are used in examples, it should be an even number of
-% \tt widths. Each \tt character is 1en, so two makes it 1em.
-%
-\def\point{$\star$}
-\def\result{\leavevmode\raise.15ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\Rightarrow$\hfil}}
-\def\expansion{\leavevmode\raise.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\mapsto$\hfil}}
-\def\print{\leavevmode\lower.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\dashv$\hfil}}
-\def\equiv{\leavevmode\lower.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\ptexequiv$\hfil}}
-
-% The @error{} command.
-% Adapted from the TeXbook's \boxit.
-%
-\newbox\errorbox
-%
-{\tentt \global\dimen0 = 3em}% Width of the box.
-\dimen2 = .55pt % Thickness of rules
-% The text. (`r' is open on the right, `e' somewhat less so on the left.)
-\setbox0 = \hbox{\kern-.75pt \tensf error\kern-1.5pt}
-%
-\setbox\errorbox=\hbox to \dimen0{\hfil
-   \hsize = \dimen0 \advance\hsize by -5.8pt % Space to left+right.
-   \advance\hsize by -2\dimen2 % Rules.
-   \vbox{%
-      \hrule height\dimen2
-      \hbox{\vrule width\dimen2 \kern3pt          % Space to left of text.
-         \vtop{\kern2.4pt \box0 \kern2.4pt}% Space above/below.
-         \kern3pt\vrule width\dimen2}% Space to right.
-      \hrule height\dimen2}
-    \hfil}
-%
-\def\error{\leavevmode\lower.7ex\copy\errorbox}
-
-% @tex ... @end tex    escapes into raw Tex temporarily.
-% One exception: @ is still an escape character, so that @end tex works.
-% But \@ or @@ will get a plain tex @ character.
-
-\envdef\tex{%
-  \catcode `\\=0 \catcode `\{=1 \catcode `\}=2
-  \catcode `\$=3 \catcode `\&=4 \catcode `\#=6
-  \catcode `\^=7 \catcode `\_=8 \catcode `\~=\active \let~=\tie
-  \catcode `\%=14
-  \catcode `\+=\other
-  \catcode `\"=\other
-  \catcode `\|=\other
-  \catcode `\<=\other
-  \catcode `\>=\other
-  \escapechar=`\\
-  %
-  \let\b=\ptexb
-  \let\bullet=\ptexbullet
-  \let\c=\ptexc
-  \let\,=\ptexcomma
-  \let\.=\ptexdot
-  \let\dots=\ptexdots
-  \let\equiv=\ptexequiv
-  \let\!=\ptexexclam
-  \let\i=\ptexi
-  \let\indent=\ptexindent
-  \let\noindent=\ptexnoindent
-  \let\{=\ptexlbrace
-  \let\+=\tabalign
-  \let\}=\ptexrbrace
-  \let\/=\ptexslash
-  \let\*=\ptexstar
-  \let\t=\ptext
-  %
-  \def\endldots{\mathinner{\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots}}%
-  \def\enddots{\relax\ifmmode\endldots\else$\mathsurround=0pt \endldots\,$\fi}%
-  \def\@{@}%
-}
-% There is no need to define \Etex.
-
-% Define @lisp ... @end lisp.
-% @lisp environment forms a group so it can rebind things,
-% including the definition of @end lisp (which normally is erroneous).
-
-% Amount to narrow the margins by for @lisp.
-\newskip\lispnarrowing \lispnarrowing=0.4in
-
-% This is the definition that ^^M gets inside @lisp, @example, and other
-% such environments.  \null is better than a space, since it doesn't
-% have any width.
-\def\lisppar{\null\endgraf}
-
-% This space is always present above and below environments.
-\newskip\envskipamount \envskipamount = 0pt
-
-% Make spacing and below environment symmetrical.  We use \parskip here
-% to help in doing that, since in @example-like environments \parskip
-% is reset to zero; thus the \afterenvbreak inserts no space -- but the
-% start of the next paragraph will insert \parskip.
-%
-\def\aboveenvbreak{{%
-  % =10000 instead of <10000 because of a special case in \itemzzz and
-  % \sectionheading, q.v.
-  \ifnum \lastpenalty=10000 \else
-    \advance\envskipamount by \parskip
-    \endgraf
-    \ifdim\lastskip<\envskipamount
-      \removelastskip
-      % it's not a good place to break if the last penalty was \nobreak
-      % or better ...
-      \ifnum\lastpenalty<10000 \penalty-50 \fi
-      \vskip\envskipamount
-    \fi
-  \fi
-}}
-
-\let\afterenvbreak = \aboveenvbreak
-
-% \nonarrowing is a flag.  If "set", @lisp etc don't narrow margins.
-\let\nonarrowing=\relax
-
-% @cartouche ... @end cartouche: draw rectangle w/rounded corners around
-% environment contents.
-\font\circle=lcircle10
-\newdimen\circthick
-\newdimen\cartouter\newdimen\cartinner
-\newskip\normbskip\newskip\normpskip\newskip\normlskip
-\circthick=\fontdimen8\circle
-%
-\def\ctl{{\circle\char'013\hskip -6pt}}% 6pt from pl file: 1/2charwidth
-\def\ctr{{\hskip 6pt\circle\char'010}}
-\def\cbl{{\circle\char'012\hskip -6pt}}
-\def\cbr{{\hskip 6pt\circle\char'011}}
-\def\carttop{\hbox to \cartouter{\hskip\lskip
-        \ctl\leaders\hrule height\circthick\hfil\ctr
-        \hskip\rskip}}
-\def\cartbot{\hbox to \cartouter{\hskip\lskip
-        \cbl\leaders\hrule height\circthick\hfil\cbr
-        \hskip\rskip}}
-%
-\newskip\lskip\newskip\rskip
-
-\envdef\cartouche{%
-  \ifhmode\par\fi  % can't be in the midst of a paragraph.
-  \startsavinginserts
-  \lskip=\leftskip \rskip=\rightskip
-  \leftskip=0pt\rightskip=0pt % we want these *outside*.
-  \cartinner=\hsize \advance\cartinner by-\lskip
-  \advance\cartinner by-\rskip
-  \cartouter=\hsize
-  \advance\cartouter by 18.4pt	% allow for 3pt kerns on either
-				% side, and for 6pt waste from
-				% each corner char, and rule thickness
-  \normbskip=\baselineskip \normpskip=\parskip \normlskip=\lineskip
-  % Flag to tell @lisp, etc., not to narrow margin.
-  \let\nonarrowing=\comment
-  \vbox\bgroup
-      \baselineskip=0pt\parskip=0pt\lineskip=0pt
-      \carttop
-      \hbox\bgroup
-	  \hskip\lskip
-	  \vrule\kern3pt
-	  \vbox\bgroup
-	      \kern3pt
-	      \hsize=\cartinner
-	      \baselineskip=\normbskip
-	      \lineskip=\normlskip
-	      \parskip=\normpskip
-	      \vskip -\parskip
-	      \comment % For explanation, see the end of \def\group.
-}
-\def\Ecartouche{%
-              \ifhmode\par\fi
-	      \kern3pt
-	  \egroup
-	  \kern3pt\vrule
-	  \hskip\rskip
-      \egroup
-      \cartbot
-  \egroup
-  \checkinserts
-}
-
-
-% This macro is called at the beginning of all the @example variants,
-% inside a group.
-\def\nonfillstart{%
-  \aboveenvbreak
-  \hfuzz = 12pt % Don't be fussy
-  \sepspaces % Make spaces be word-separators rather than space tokens.
-  \let\par = \lisppar % don't ignore blank lines
-  \obeylines % each line of input is a line of output
-  \parskip = 0pt
-  \parindent = 0pt
-  \emergencystretch = 0pt % don't try to avoid overfull boxes
-  % @cartouche defines \nonarrowing to inhibit narrowing
-  % at next level down.
-  \ifx\nonarrowing\relax
-    \advance \leftskip by \lispnarrowing
-    \exdentamount=\lispnarrowing
-  \fi
-  \let\exdent=\nofillexdent
-}
-
-% If you want all examples etc. small: @set dispenvsize small.
-% If you want even small examples the full size: @set dispenvsize nosmall.
-% This affects the following displayed environments:
-%    @example, @display, @format, @lisp
-%
-\def\smallword{small}
-\def\nosmallword{nosmall}
-\let\SETdispenvsize\relax
-\def\setnormaldispenv{%
-  \ifx\SETdispenvsize\smallword
-    \smallexamplefonts \rm
-  \fi
-}
-\def\setsmalldispenv{%
-  \ifx\SETdispenvsize\nosmallword
-  \else
-    \smallexamplefonts \rm
-  \fi
-}
-
-% We often define two environments, @foo and @smallfoo.
-% Let's do it by one command:
-\def\makedispenv #1#2{
-  \expandafter\envdef\csname#1\endcsname {\setnormaldispenv #2}
-  \expandafter\envdef\csname small#1\endcsname {\setsmalldispenv #2}
-  \expandafter\let\csname E#1\endcsname \afterenvbreak
-  \expandafter\let\csname Esmall#1\endcsname \afterenvbreak
-}
-
-% Define two synonyms:
-\def\maketwodispenvs #1#2#3{
-  \makedispenv{#1}{#3}
-  \makedispenv{#2}{#3}
-}
-
-% @lisp: indented, narrowed, typewriter font; @example: same as @lisp.
-%
-% @smallexample and @smalllisp: use smaller fonts.
-% Originally contributed by Pavel@xerox.
-%
-\maketwodispenvs {lisp}{example}{%
-  \nonfillstart
-  \tt
-  \let\kbdfont = \kbdexamplefont % Allow @kbd to do something special.
-  \gobble       % eat return
-}
-
-% @display/@smalldisplay: same as @lisp except keep current font.
-%
-\makedispenv {display}{%
-  \nonfillstart
-  \gobble
-}
-
-% @format/@smallformat: same as @display except don't narrow margins.
-%
-\makedispenv{format}{%
-  \let\nonarrowing = t%
-  \nonfillstart
-  \gobble
-}
-
-% @flushleft: same as @format, but doesn't obey \SETdispenvsize.
-\envdef\flushleft{%
-  \let\nonarrowing = t%
-  \nonfillstart
-  \gobble
-}
-\let\Eflushleft = \afterenvbreak
-
-% @flushright.
-%
-\envdef\flushright{%
-  \let\nonarrowing = t%
-  \nonfillstart
-  \advance\leftskip by 0pt plus 1fill
-  \gobble
-}
-\let\Eflushright = \afterenvbreak
-
-
-% @quotation does normal linebreaking (hence we can't use \nonfillstart)
-% and narrows the margins.  We keep \parskip nonzero in general, since
-% we're doing normal filling.  So, when using \aboveenvbreak and
-% \afterenvbreak, temporarily make \parskip 0.
-%
-\envdef\quotation{%
-  {\parskip=0pt \aboveenvbreak}% because \aboveenvbreak inserts \parskip
-  \parindent=0pt
-  %
-  % @cartouche defines \nonarrowing to inhibit narrowing at next level down.
-  \ifx\nonarrowing\relax
-    \advance\leftskip by \lispnarrowing
-    \advance\rightskip by \lispnarrowing
-    \exdentamount = \lispnarrowing
-    \let\nonarrowing = \relax
-  \fi
-  \parsearg\quotationlabel
-}
-
-% We have retained a nonzero parskip for the environment, since we're
-% doing normal filling.
-%
-\def\Equotation{%
-  \par
-  \ifx\quotationauthor\undefined\else
-    % indent a bit.
-    \leftline{\kern 2\leftskip \sl ---\quotationauthor}%
-  \fi
-  {\parskip=0pt \afterenvbreak}%
-}
-
-% If we're given an argument, typeset it in bold with a colon after.
-\def\quotationlabel#1{%
-  \def\temp{#1}%
-  \ifx\temp\empty \else
-    {\bf #1: }%
-  \fi
-}
-
-
-% LaTeX-like @verbatim...@end verbatim and @verb{<char>...<char>}
-% If we want to allow any <char> as delimiter,
-% we need the curly braces so that makeinfo sees the @verb command, eg:
-% `@verbx...x' would look like the '@verbx' command.  --janneke@gnu.org
-%
-% [Knuth]: Donald Ervin Knuth, 1996.  The TeXbook.
-%
-% [Knuth] p.344; only we need to do the other characters Texinfo sets
-% active too.  Otherwise, they get lost as the first character on a
-% verbatim line.
-\def\dospecials{%
-  \do\ \do\\\do\{\do\}\do\$\do\&%
-  \do\#\do\^\do\^^K\do\_\do\^^A\do\%\do\~%
-  \do\<\do\>\do\|\do\@\do+\do\"%
-}
-%
-% [Knuth] p. 380
-\def\uncatcodespecials{%
-  \def\do##1{\catcode`##1=\other}\dospecials}
-%
-% [Knuth] pp. 380,381,391
-% Disable Spanish ligatures ?` and !` of \tt font
-\begingroup
-  \catcode`\`=\active\gdef`{\relax\lq}
-\endgroup
-%
-% Setup for the @verb command.
-%
-% Eight spaces for a tab
-\begingroup
-  \catcode`\^^I=\active
-  \gdef\tabeightspaces{\catcode`\^^I=\active\def^^I{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}
-\endgroup
-%
-\def\setupverb{%
-  \tt  % easiest (and conventionally used) font for verbatim
-  \def\par{\leavevmode\endgraf}%
-  \catcode`\`=\active
-  \tabeightspaces
-  % Respect line breaks,
-  % print special symbols as themselves, and
-  % make each space count
-  % must do in this order:
-  \obeylines \uncatcodespecials \sepspaces
-}
-
-% Setup for the @verbatim environment
-%
-% Real tab expansion
-\newdimen\tabw \setbox0=\hbox{\tt\space} \tabw=8\wd0 % tab amount
-%
-\def\starttabbox{\setbox0=\hbox\bgroup}
-\begingroup
-  \catcode`\^^I=\active
-  \gdef\tabexpand{%
-    \catcode`\^^I=\active
-    \def^^I{\leavevmode\egroup
-      \dimen0=\wd0 % the width so far, or since the previous tab
-      \divide\dimen0 by\tabw
-      \multiply\dimen0 by\tabw % compute previous multiple of \tabw
-      \advance\dimen0 by\tabw  % advance to next multiple of \tabw
-      \wd0=\dimen0 \box0 \starttabbox
-    }%
-  }
-\endgroup
-\def\setupverbatim{%
-  \nonfillstart
-  \advance\leftskip by -\defbodyindent
-  % Easiest (and conventionally used) font for verbatim
-  \tt
-  \def\par{\leavevmode\egroup\box0\endgraf}%
-  \catcode`\`=\active
-  \tabexpand
-  % Respect line breaks,
-  % print special symbols as themselves, and
-  % make each space count
-  % must do in this order:
-  \obeylines \uncatcodespecials \sepspaces
-  \everypar{\starttabbox}%
-}
-
-% Do the @verb magic: verbatim text is quoted by unique
-% delimiter characters.  Before first delimiter expect a
-% right brace, after last delimiter expect closing brace:
-%
-%    \def\doverb'{'<char>#1<char>'}'{#1}
-%
-% [Knuth] p. 382; only eat outer {}
-\begingroup
-  \catcode`[=1\catcode`]=2\catcode`\{=\other\catcode`\}=\other
-  \gdef\doverb{#1[\def\next##1#1}[##1\endgroup]\next]
-\endgroup
-%
-\def\verb{\begingroup\setupverb\doverb}
-%
-%
-% Do the @verbatim magic: define the macro \doverbatim so that
-% the (first) argument ends when '@end verbatim' is reached, ie:
-%
-%     \def\doverbatim#1@end verbatim{#1}
-%
-% For Texinfo it's a lot easier than for LaTeX,
-% because texinfo's \verbatim doesn't stop at '\end{verbatim}':
-% we need not redefine '\', '{' and '}'.
-%
-% Inspired by LaTeX's verbatim command set [latex.ltx]
-%
-\begingroup
-  \catcode`\ =\active
-  \obeylines %
-  % ignore everything up to the first ^^M, that's the newline at the end
-  % of the @verbatim input line itself.  Otherwise we get an extra blank
-  % line in the output.
-  \xdef\doverbatim#1^^M#2@end verbatim{#2\noexpand\end\gobble verbatim}%
-  % We really want {...\end verbatim} in the body of the macro, but
-  % without the active space; thus we have to use \xdef and \gobble.
-\endgroup
-%
-\envdef\verbatim{%
-    \setupverbatim\doverbatim
-}
-\let\Everbatim = \afterenvbreak
-
-
-% @verbatiminclude FILE - insert text of file in verbatim environment.
-%
-\def\verbatiminclude{\parseargusing\filenamecatcodes\doverbatiminclude}
-%
-\def\doverbatiminclude#1{%
-  {%
-    \makevalueexpandable
-    \setupverbatim
-    \input #1
-    \afterenvbreak
-  }%
-}
-
-% @copying ... @end copying.
-% Save the text away for @insertcopying later.
-%
-% We save the uninterpreted tokens, rather than creating a box.
-% Saving the text in a box would be much easier, but then all the
-% typesetting commands (@smallbook, font changes, etc.) have to be done
-% beforehand -- and a) we want @copying to be done first in the source
-% file; b) letting users define the frontmatter in as flexible order as
-% possible is very desirable.
-%
-\def\copying{\checkenv{}\begingroup\scanargctxt\docopying}
-\def\docopying#1@end copying{\endgroup\def\copyingtext{#1}}
-%
-\def\insertcopying{%
-  \begingroup
-    \parindent = 0pt  % paragraph indentation looks wrong on title page
-    \scanexp\copyingtext
-  \endgroup
-}
-
-\message{defuns,}
-% @defun etc.
-
-\newskip\defbodyindent \defbodyindent=.4in
-\newskip\defargsindent \defargsindent=50pt
-\newskip\deflastargmargin \deflastargmargin=18pt
-
-% Start the processing of @deffn:
-\def\startdefun{%
-  \ifnum\lastpenalty<10000
-    \medbreak
-  \else
-    % If there are two @def commands in a row, we'll have a \nobreak,
-    % which is there to keep the function description together with its
-    % header.  But if there's nothing but headers, we need to allow a
-    % break somewhere.  Check specifically for penalty 10002, inserted
-    % by \defargscommonending, instead of 10000, since the sectioning
-    % commands also insert a nobreak penalty, and we don't want to allow
-    % a break between a section heading and a defun.
-    % 
-    \ifnum\lastpenalty=10002 \penalty2000 \fi
-    %
-    % Similarly, after a section heading, do not allow a break.
-    % But do insert the glue.
-    \medskip  % preceded by discardable penalty, so not a breakpoint
-  \fi
-  %
-  \parindent=0in
-  \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
-  \exdentamount=\defbodyindent
-}
-
-\def\dodefunx#1{%
-  % First, check whether we are in the right environment:
-  \checkenv#1%
-  %
-  % As above, allow line break if we have multiple x headers in a row.
-  % It's not a great place, though.
-  \ifnum\lastpenalty=10002 \penalty3000 \fi
-  %
-  % And now, it's time to reuse the body of the original defun:
-  \expandafter\gobbledefun#1%
-}
-\def\gobbledefun#1\startdefun{}
-
-% \printdefunline \deffnheader{text}
-%
-\def\printdefunline#1#2{%
-  \begingroup
-    % call \deffnheader:
-    #1#2 \endheader
-    % common ending:
-    \interlinepenalty = 10000
-    \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil
-    \endgraf
-    \nobreak\vskip -\parskip
-    \penalty 10002  % signal to \startdefun and \dodefunx
-    % Some of the @defun-type tags do not enable magic parentheses,
-    % rendering the following check redundant.  But we don't optimize.
-    \checkparencounts
-  \endgroup
-}
-
-\def\Edefun{\endgraf\medbreak}
-
-% \makedefun{deffn} creates \deffn, \deffnx and \Edeffn;
-% the only thing remainnig is to define \deffnheader.
-%
-\def\makedefun#1{%
-  \expandafter\let\csname E#1\endcsname = \Edefun
-  \edef\temp{\noexpand\domakedefun
-    \makecsname{#1}\makecsname{#1x}\makecsname{#1header}}%
-  \temp
-}
-
-% \domakedefun \deffn \deffnx \deffnheader
-%
-% Define \deffn and \deffnx, without parameters.
-% \deffnheader has to be defined explicitly.
-%
-\def\domakedefun#1#2#3{%
-  \envdef#1{%
-    \startdefun
-    \parseargusing\activeparens{\printdefunline#3}%
-  }%
-  \def#2{\dodefunx#1}%
-  \def#3%
-}
-
-%%% Untyped functions:
-
-% @deffn category name args
-\makedefun{deffn}{\deffngeneral{}}
-
-% @deffn category class name args
-\makedefun{defop}#1 {\defopon{#1\ \putwordon}}
-
-% \defopon {category on}class name args
-\def\defopon#1#2 {\deffngeneral{\putwordon\ \code{#2}}{#1\ \code{#2}} }
-
-% \deffngeneral {subind}category name args
-%
-\def\deffngeneral#1#2 #3 #4\endheader{%
-  % Remember that \dosubind{fn}{foo}{} is equivalent to \doind{fn}{foo}.
-  \dosubind{fn}{\code{#3}}{#1}%
-  \defname{#2}{}{#3}\magicamp\defunargs{#4\unskip}%
-}
-
-%%% Typed functions:
-
-% @deftypefn category type name args
-\makedefun{deftypefn}{\deftypefngeneral{}}
-
-% @deftypeop category class type name args
-\makedefun{deftypeop}#1 {\deftypeopon{#1\ \putwordon}}
-
-% \deftypeopon {category on}class type name args
-\def\deftypeopon#1#2 {\deftypefngeneral{\putwordon\ \code{#2}}{#1\ \code{#2}} }
-
-% \deftypefngeneral {subind}category type name args
-%
-\def\deftypefngeneral#1#2 #3 #4 #5\endheader{%
-  \dosubind{fn}{\code{#4}}{#1}%
-  \defname{#2}{#3}{#4}\defunargs{#5\unskip}%
-}
-
-%%% Typed variables:
-
-% @deftypevr category type var args
-\makedefun{deftypevr}{\deftypecvgeneral{}}
-
-% @deftypecv category class type var args
-\makedefun{deftypecv}#1 {\deftypecvof{#1\ \putwordof}}
-
-% \deftypecvof {category of}class type var args
-\def\deftypecvof#1#2 {\deftypecvgeneral{\putwordof\ \code{#2}}{#1\ \code{#2}} }
-
-% \deftypecvgeneral {subind}category type var args
-%
-\def\deftypecvgeneral#1#2 #3 #4 #5\endheader{%
-  \dosubind{vr}{\code{#4}}{#1}%
-  \defname{#2}{#3}{#4}\defunargs{#5\unskip}%
-}
-
-%%% Untyped variables:
-
-% @defvr category var args
-\makedefun{defvr}#1 {\deftypevrheader{#1} {} }
-
-% @defcv category class var args
-\makedefun{defcv}#1 {\defcvof{#1\ \putwordof}}
-
-% \defcvof {category of}class var args
-\def\defcvof#1#2 {\deftypecvof{#1}#2 {} }
-
-%%% Type:
-% @deftp category name args
-\makedefun{deftp}#1 #2 #3\endheader{%
-  \doind{tp}{\code{#2}}%
-  \defname{#1}{}{#2}\defunargs{#3\unskip}%
-}
-
-% Remaining @defun-like shortcuts:
-\makedefun{defun}{\deffnheader{\putwordDeffunc} }
-\makedefun{defmac}{\deffnheader{\putwordDefmac} }
-\makedefun{defspec}{\deffnheader{\putwordDefspec} }
-\makedefun{deftypefun}{\deftypefnheader{\putwordDeffunc} }
-\makedefun{defvar}{\defvrheader{\putwordDefvar} }
-\makedefun{defopt}{\defvrheader{\putwordDefopt} }
-\makedefun{deftypevar}{\deftypevrheader{\putwordDefvar} }
-\makedefun{defmethod}{\defopon\putwordMethodon}
-\makedefun{deftypemethod}{\deftypeopon\putwordMethodon}
-\makedefun{defivar}{\defcvof\putwordInstanceVariableof}
-\makedefun{deftypeivar}{\deftypecvof\putwordInstanceVariableof}
-
-% \defname, which formats the name of the @def (not the args).
-% #1 is the category, such as "Function".
-% #2 is the return type, if any.
-% #3 is the function name.
-%
-% We are followed by (but not passed) the arguments, if any.
-%
-\def\defname#1#2#3{%
-  % Get the values of \leftskip and \rightskip as they were outside the @def...
-  \advance\leftskip by -\defbodyindent
-  %
-  % How we'll format the type name.  Putting it in brackets helps
-  % distinguish it from the body text that may end up on the next line
-  % just below it.
-  \def\temp{#1}%
-  \setbox0=\hbox{\kern\deflastargmargin \ifx\temp\empty\else [\rm\temp]\fi}
-  %
-  % Figure out line sizes for the paragraph shape.
-  % The first line needs space for \box0; but if \rightskip is nonzero,
-  % we need only space for the part of \box0 which exceeds it:
-  \dimen0=\hsize  \advance\dimen0 by -\wd0  \advance\dimen0 by \rightskip
-  % The continuations:
-  \dimen2=\hsize  \advance\dimen2 by -\defargsindent
-  % (plain.tex says that \dimen1 should be used only as global.)
-  \parshape 2 0in \dimen0 \defargsindent \dimen2
-  %
-  % Put the type name to the right margin.
-  \noindent
-  \hbox to 0pt{%
-    \hfil\box0 \kern-\hsize
-    % \hsize has to be shortened this way:
-    \kern\leftskip
-    % Intentionally do not respect \rightskip, since we need the space.
-  }%
-  %
-  % Allow all lines to be underfull without complaint:
-  \tolerance=10000 \hbadness=10000
-  \exdentamount=\defbodyindent
-  {%
-    % defun fonts. We use typewriter by default (used to be bold) because:
-    % . we're printing identifiers, they should be in tt in principle.
-    % . in languages with many accents, such as Czech or French, it's
-    %   common to leave accents off identifiers.  The result looks ok in
-    %   tt, but exceedingly strange in rm.
-    % . we don't want -- and --- to be treated as ligatures.
-    % . this still does not fix the ?` and !` ligatures, but so far no
-    %   one has made identifiers using them :).
-    \df \tt
-    \def\temp{#2}% return value type
-    \ifx\temp\empty\else \tclose{\temp} \fi
-    #3% output function name
-  }%
-  {\rm\enskip}% hskip 0.5 em of \tenrm
-  %
-  \boldbrax
-  % arguments will be output next, if any.
-}
-
-% Print arguments in slanted roman (not ttsl), inconsistently with using
-% tt for the name.  This is because literal text is sometimes needed in
-% the argument list (groff manual), and ttsl and tt are not very
-% distinguishable.  Prevent hyphenation at `-' chars.
-%
-\def\defunargs#1{%
-  % use sl by default (not ttsl),
-  % tt for the names.
-  \df \sl \hyphenchar\font=0
-  %
-  % On the other hand, if an argument has two dashes (for instance), we
-  % want a way to get ttsl.  Let's try @var for that.
-  \let\var=\ttslanted
-  #1%
-  \sl\hyphenchar\font=45
-}
-
-% We want ()&[] to print specially on the defun line.
-%
-\def\activeparens{%
-  \catcode`\(=\active \catcode`\)=\active
-  \catcode`\[=\active \catcode`\]=\active
-  \catcode`\&=\active
-}
-
-% Make control sequences which act like normal parenthesis chars.
-\let\lparen = ( \let\rparen = )
-
-% Be sure that we always have a definition for `(', etc.  For example,
-% if the fn name has parens in it, \boldbrax will not be in effect yet,
-% so TeX would otherwise complain about undefined control sequence.
-{
-  \activeparens
-  \global\let(=\lparen \global\let)=\rparen
-  \global\let[=\lbrack \global\let]=\rbrack
-  \global\let& = \&
-
-  \gdef\boldbrax{\let(=\opnr\let)=\clnr\let[=\lbrb\let]=\rbrb}
-  \gdef\magicamp{\let&=\amprm}
-}
-
-\newcount\parencount
-
-% If we encounter &foo, then turn on ()-hacking afterwards
-\newif\ifampseen
-\def\amprm#1 {\ampseentrue{\bf\&#1 }}
-
-\def\parenfont{%
-  \ifampseen
-    % At the first level, print parens in roman,
-    % otherwise use the default font.
-    \ifnum \parencount=1 \rm \fi
-  \else
-    % The \sf parens (in \boldbrax) actually are a little bolder than
-    % the contained text.  This is especially needed for [ and ] .
-    \sf
-  \fi
-}
-\def\infirstlevel#1{%
-  \ifampseen
-    \ifnum\parencount=1
-      #1%
-    \fi
-  \fi
-}
-\def\bfafterword#1 {#1 \bf}
-
-\def\opnr{%
-  \global\advance\parencount by 1
-  {\parenfont(}%
-  \infirstlevel \bfafterword
-}
-\def\clnr{%
-  {\parenfont)}%
-  \infirstlevel \sl
-  \global\advance\parencount by -1
-}
-
-\newcount\brackcount
-\def\lbrb{%
-  \global\advance\brackcount by 1
-  {\bf[}%
-}
-\def\rbrb{%
-  {\bf]}%
-  \global\advance\brackcount by -1
-}
-
-\def\checkparencounts{%
-  \ifnum\parencount=0 \else \badparencount \fi
-  \ifnum\brackcount=0 \else \badbrackcount \fi
-}
-\def\badparencount{%
-  \errmessage{Unbalanced parentheses in @def}%
-  \global\parencount=0
-}
-\def\badbrackcount{%
-  \errmessage{Unbalanced square braces in @def}%
-  \global\brackcount=0
-}
-
-
-\message{macros,}
-% @macro.
-
-% To do this right we need a feature of e-TeX, \scantokens,
-% which we arrange to emulate with a temporary file in ordinary TeX.
-\ifx\eTeXversion\undefined
-  \newwrite\macscribble
-  \def\scantokens#1{%
-    \toks0={#1}%
-    \immediate\openout\macscribble=\jobname.tmp
-    \immediate\write\macscribble{\the\toks0}%
-    \immediate\closeout\macscribble
-    \input \jobname.tmp
-  }
-\fi
-
-\def\scanmacro#1{%
-  \begingroup
-    \newlinechar`\^^M
-    \let\xeatspaces\eatspaces
-    % Undo catcode changes of \startcontents and \doprintindex
-    % When called from @insertcopying or (short)caption, we need active
-    % backslash to get it printed correctly.  Previously, we had
-    % \catcode`\\=\other instead.  We'll see whether a problem appears
-    % with macro expansion.				--kasal, 19aug04
-    \catcode`\@=0 \catcode`\\=\active \escapechar=`\@
-    % ... and \example
-    \spaceisspace
-    %
-    % Append \endinput to make sure that TeX does not see the ending newline.
-    %
-    % I've verified that it is necessary both for e-TeX and for ordinary TeX
-    %							--kasal, 29nov03
-    \scantokens{#1\endinput}%
-  \endgroup
-}
-
-\def\scanexp#1{%
-  \edef\temp{\noexpand\scanmacro{#1}}%
-  \temp
-}
-
-\newcount\paramno   % Count of parameters
-\newtoks\macname    % Macro name
-\newif\ifrecursive  % Is it recursive?
-\def\macrolist{}    % List of all defined macros in the form
-                    % \do\macro1\do\macro2...
-
-% Utility routines.
-% This does \let #1 = #2, with \csnames; that is,
-%   \let \csname#1\endcsname = \csname#2\endcsname
-% (except of course we have to play expansion games).
-% 
-\def\cslet#1#2{%
-  \expandafter\let
-  \csname#1\expandafter\endcsname
-  \csname#2\endcsname
-}
-
-% Trim leading and trailing spaces off a string.
-% Concepts from aro-bend problem 15 (see CTAN).
-{\catcode`\@=11
-\gdef\eatspaces #1{\expandafter\trim@\expandafter{#1 }}
-\gdef\trim@ #1{\trim@@ @#1 @ #1 @ @@}
-\gdef\trim@@ #1@ #2@ #3@@{\trim@@@\empty #2 @}
-\def\unbrace#1{#1}
-\unbrace{\gdef\trim@@@ #1 } #2@{#1}
-}
-
-% Trim a single trailing ^^M off a string.
-{\catcode`\^^M=\other \catcode`\Q=3%
-\gdef\eatcr #1{\eatcra #1Q^^MQ}%
-\gdef\eatcra#1^^MQ{\eatcrb#1Q}%
-\gdef\eatcrb#1Q#2Q{#1}%
-}
-
-% Macro bodies are absorbed as an argument in a context where
-% all characters are catcode 10, 11 or 12, except \ which is active
-% (as in normal texinfo). It is necessary to change the definition of \.
-
-% It's necessary to have hard CRs when the macro is executed. This is
-% done by  making ^^M (\endlinechar) catcode 12 when reading the macro
-% body, and then making it the \newlinechar in \scanmacro.
-
-\def\scanctxt{%
-  \catcode`\"=\other
-  \catcode`\+=\other
-  \catcode`\<=\other
-  \catcode`\>=\other
-  \catcode`\@=\other
-  \catcode`\^=\other
-  \catcode`\_=\other
-  \catcode`\|=\other
-  \catcode`\~=\other
-}
-
-\def\scanargctxt{%
-  \scanctxt
-  \catcode`\\=\other
-  \catcode`\^^M=\other
-}
-
-\def\macrobodyctxt{%
-  \scanctxt
-  \catcode`\{=\other
-  \catcode`\}=\other
-  \catcode`\^^M=\other
-  \usembodybackslash
-}
-
-\def\macroargctxt{%
-  \scanctxt
-  \catcode`\\=\other
-}
-
-% \mbodybackslash is the definition of \ in @macro bodies.
-% It maps \foo\ => \csname macarg.foo\endcsname => #N
-% where N is the macro parameter number.
-% We define \csname macarg.\endcsname to be \realbackslash, so
-% \\ in macro replacement text gets you a backslash.
-
-{\catcode`@=0 @catcode`@\=@active
- @gdef@usembodybackslash{@let\=@mbodybackslash}
- @gdef@mbodybackslash#1\{@csname macarg.#1@endcsname}
-}
-\expandafter\def\csname macarg.\endcsname{\realbackslash}
-
-\def\macro{\recursivefalse\parsearg\macroxxx}
-\def\rmacro{\recursivetrue\parsearg\macroxxx}
-
-\def\macroxxx#1{%
-  \getargs{#1}%           now \macname is the macname and \argl the arglist
-  \ifx\argl\empty       % no arguments
-     \paramno=0%
-  \else
-     \expandafter\parsemargdef \argl;%
-  \fi
-  \if1\csname ismacro.\the\macname\endcsname
-     \message{Warning: redefining \the\macname}%
-  \else
-     \expandafter\ifx\csname \the\macname\endcsname \relax
-     \else \errmessage{Macro name \the\macname\space already defined}\fi
-     \global\cslet{macsave.\the\macname}{\the\macname}%
-     \global\expandafter\let\csname ismacro.\the\macname\endcsname=1%
-     % Add the macroname to \macrolist
-     \toks0 = \expandafter{\macrolist\do}%
-     \xdef\macrolist{\the\toks0
-       \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname\endcsname}%
-  \fi
-  \begingroup \macrobodyctxt
-  \ifrecursive \expandafter\parsermacbody
-  \else \expandafter\parsemacbody
-  \fi}
-
-\parseargdef\unmacro{%
-  \if1\csname ismacro.#1\endcsname
-    \global\cslet{#1}{macsave.#1}%
-    \global\expandafter\let \csname ismacro.#1\endcsname=0%
-    % Remove the macro name from \macrolist:
-    \begingroup
-      \expandafter\let\csname#1\endcsname \relax
-      \let\do\unmacrodo
-      \xdef\macrolist{\macrolist}%
-    \endgroup
-  \else
-    \errmessage{Macro #1 not defined}%
-  \fi
-}
-
-% Called by \do from \dounmacro on each macro.  The idea is to omit any
-% macro definitions that have been changed to \relax.
-%
-\def\unmacrodo#1{%
-  \ifx#1\relax
-    % remove this
-  \else
-    \noexpand\do \noexpand #1%
-  \fi
-}
-
-% This makes use of the obscure feature that if the last token of a
-% <parameter list> is #, then the preceding argument is delimited by
-% an opening brace, and that opening brace is not consumed.
-\def\getargs#1{\getargsxxx#1{}}
-\def\getargsxxx#1#{\getmacname #1 \relax\getmacargs}
-\def\getmacname #1 #2\relax{\macname={#1}}
-\def\getmacargs#1{\def\argl{#1}}
-
-% Parse the optional {params} list.  Set up \paramno and \paramlist
-% so \defmacro knows what to do.  Define \macarg.blah for each blah
-% in the params list, to be ##N where N is the position in that list.
-% That gets used by \mbodybackslash (above).
-
-% We need to get `macro parameter char #' into several definitions.
-% The technique used is stolen from LaTeX:  let \hash be something
-% unexpandable, insert that wherever you need a #, and then redefine
-% it to # just before using the token list produced.
-%
-% The same technique is used to protect \eatspaces till just before
-% the macro is used.
-
-\def\parsemargdef#1;{\paramno=0\def\paramlist{}%
-        \let\hash\relax\let\xeatspaces\relax\parsemargdefxxx#1,;,}
-\def\parsemargdefxxx#1,{%
-  \if#1;\let\next=\relax
-  \else \let\next=\parsemargdefxxx
-    \advance\paramno by 1%
-    \expandafter\edef\csname macarg.\eatspaces{#1}\endcsname
-        {\xeatspaces{\hash\the\paramno}}%
-    \edef\paramlist{\paramlist\hash\the\paramno,}%
-  \fi\next}
-
-% These two commands read recursive and nonrecursive macro bodies.
-% (They're different since rec and nonrec macros end differently.)
-
-\long\def\parsemacbody#1@end macro%
-{\xdef\temp{\eatcr{#1}}\endgroup\defmacro}%
-\long\def\parsermacbody#1@end rmacro%
-{\xdef\temp{\eatcr{#1}}\endgroup\defmacro}%
-
-% This defines the macro itself. There are six cases: recursive and
-% nonrecursive macros of zero, one, and many arguments.
-% Much magic with \expandafter here.
-% \xdef is used so that macro definitions will survive the file
-% they're defined in; @include reads the file inside a group.
-\def\defmacro{%
-  \let\hash=##% convert placeholders to macro parameter chars
-  \ifrecursive
-    \ifcase\paramno
-    % 0
-      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
-        \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}%
-    \or % 1
-      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
-         \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt
-         \noexpand\braceorline
-         \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname}%
-      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname##1{%
-         \egroup\noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}%
-    \else % many
-      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
-         \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt
-         \noexpand\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname}%
-      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname##1{%
-          \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname ##1,}%
-      \expandafter\expandafter
-      \expandafter\xdef
-      \expandafter\expandafter
-        \csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname
-          \paramlist{\egroup\noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}%
-    \fi
-  \else
-    \ifcase\paramno
-    % 0
-      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
-        \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}%
-        \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}%
-    \or % 1
-      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
-         \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt
-         \noexpand\braceorline
-         \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname}%
-      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname##1{%
-        \egroup
-        \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}%
-        \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}%
-    \else % many
-      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
-         \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt
-         \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname}%
-      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname##1{%
-          \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname ##1,}%
-      \expandafter\expandafter
-      \expandafter\xdef
-      \expandafter\expandafter
-      \csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname
-      \paramlist{%
-          \egroup
-          \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}%
-          \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}%
-    \fi
-  \fi}
-
-\def\norecurse#1{\bgroup\cslet{#1}{macsave.#1}}
-
-% \braceorline decides whether the next nonwhitespace character is a
-% {.  If so it reads up to the closing }, if not, it reads the whole
-% line.  Whatever was read is then fed to the next control sequence
-% as an argument (by \parsebrace or \parsearg)
-\def\braceorline#1{\let\next=#1\futurelet\nchar\braceorlinexxx}
-\def\braceorlinexxx{%
-  \ifx\nchar\bgroup\else
-    \expandafter\parsearg
-  \fi \next}
-
-% We want to disable all macros during \shipout so that they are not
-% expanded by \write.
-\def\turnoffmacros{\begingroup \def\do##1{\let\noexpand##1=\relax}%
-  \edef\next{\macrolist}\expandafter\endgroup\next}
-
-% For \indexnofonts, we need to get rid of all macros, leaving only the
-% arguments (if present).  Of course this is not nearly correct, but it
-% is the best we can do for now.  makeinfo does not expand macros in the
-% argument to @deffn, which ends up writing an index entry, and texindex
-% isn't prepared for an index sort entry that starts with \.
-% 
-% Since macro invocations are followed by braces, we can just redefine them
-% to take a single TeX argument.  The case of a macro invocation that
-% goes to end-of-line is not handled.
-% 
-\def\emptyusermacros{\begingroup
-  \def\do##1{\let\noexpand##1=\noexpand\asis}%
-  \edef\next{\macrolist}\expandafter\endgroup\next}
-
-
-% @alias.
-% We need some trickery to remove the optional spaces around the equal
-% sign.  Just make them active and then expand them all to nothing.
-\def\alias{\parseargusing\obeyspaces\aliasxxx}
-\def\aliasxxx #1{\aliasyyy#1\relax}
-\def\aliasyyy #1=#2\relax{%
-  {%
-    \expandafter\let\obeyedspace=\empty
-    \xdef\next{\global\let\makecsname{#1}=\makecsname{#2}}%
-  }%
-  \next
-}
-
-
-\message{cross references,}
-
-\newwrite\auxfile
-
-\newif\ifhavexrefs    % True if xref values are known.
-\newif\ifwarnedxrefs  % True if we warned once that they aren't known.
-
-% @inforef is relatively simple.
-\def\inforef #1{\inforefzzz #1,,,,**}
-\def\inforefzzz #1,#2,#3,#4**{\putwordSee{} \putwordInfo{} \putwordfile{} \file{\ignorespaces #3{}},
-  node \samp{\ignorespaces#1{}}}
-
-% @node's only job in TeX is to define \lastnode, which is used in
-% cross-references.  The @node line might or might not have commas, and
-% might or might not have spaces before the first comma, like:
-% @node foo , bar , ...
-% We don't want such trailing spaces in the node name.
-%
-\parseargdef\node{\checkenv{}\donode #1 ,\finishnodeparse}
-%
-% also remove a trailing comma, in case of something like this:
-% @node Help-Cross,  ,  , Cross-refs
-\def\donode#1 ,#2\finishnodeparse{\dodonode #1,\finishnodeparse}
-\def\dodonode#1,#2\finishnodeparse{\gdef\lastnode{#1}}
-
-\let\nwnode=\node
-\let\lastnode=\empty
-
-% Write a cross-reference definition for the current node.  #1 is the
-% type (Ynumbered, Yappendix, Ynothing).
-%
-\def\donoderef#1{%
-  \ifx\lastnode\empty\else
-    \setref{\lastnode}{#1}%
-    \global\let\lastnode=\empty
-  \fi
-}
-
-% @anchor{NAME} -- define xref target at arbitrary point.
-%
-\newcount\savesfregister
-%
-\def\savesf{\relax \ifhmode \savesfregister=\spacefactor \fi}
-\def\restoresf{\relax \ifhmode \spacefactor=\savesfregister \fi}
-\def\anchor#1{\savesf \setref{#1}{Ynothing}\restoresf \ignorespaces}
-
-% \setref{NAME}{SNT} defines a cross-reference point NAME (a node or an
-% anchor), which consists of three parts:
-% 1) NAME-title - the current sectioning name taken from \thissection,
-%                 or the anchor name.
-% 2) NAME-snt   - section number and type, passed as the SNT arg, or
-%                 empty for anchors.
-% 3) NAME-pg    - the page number.
-%
-% This is called from \donoderef, \anchor, and \dofloat.  In the case of
-% floats, there is an additional part, which is not written here:
-% 4) NAME-lof   - the text as it should appear in a @listoffloats.
-%
-\def\setref#1#2{%
-  \pdfmkdest{#1}%
-  \iflinks
-    {%
-      \atdummies  % preserve commands, but don't expand them
-      \turnoffactive
-      \otherbackslash
-      \edef\writexrdef##1##2{%
-	\write\auxfile{@xrdef{#1-% #1 of \setref, expanded by the \edef
-	  ##1}{##2}}% these are parameters of \writexrdef
-      }%
-      \toks0 = \expandafter{\thissection}%
-      \immediate \writexrdef{title}{\the\toks0 }%
-      \immediate \writexrdef{snt}{\csname #2\endcsname}% \Ynumbered etc.
-      \writexrdef{pg}{\folio}% will be written later, during \shipout
-    }%
-  \fi
-}
-
-% @xref, @pxref, and @ref generate cross-references.  For \xrefX, #1 is
-% the node name, #2 the name of the Info cross-reference, #3 the printed
-% node name, #4 the name of the Info file, #5 the name of the printed
-% manual.  All but the node name can be omitted.
-%
-\def\pxref#1{\putwordsee{} \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]}
-\def\xref#1{\putwordSee{} \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]}
-\def\ref#1{\xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]}
-\def\xrefX[#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6]{\begingroup
-  \unsepspaces
-  \def\printedmanual{\ignorespaces #5}%
-  \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #3}%
-  \setbox1=\hbox{\printedmanual\unskip}%
-  \setbox0=\hbox{\printedrefname\unskip}%
-  \ifdim \wd0 = 0pt
-    % No printed node name was explicitly given.
-    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETxref-automatic-section-title\endcsname\relax
-      % Use the node name inside the square brackets.
-      \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
-    \else
-      % Use the actual chapter/section title appear inside
-      % the square brackets.  Use the real section title if we have it.
-      \ifdim \wd1 > 0pt
-        % It is in another manual, so we don't have it.
-        \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
-      \else
-        \ifhavexrefs
-          % We know the real title if we have the xref values.
-          \def\printedrefname{\refx{#1-title}{}}%
-        \else
-          % Otherwise just copy the Info node name.
-          \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
-        \fi%
-      \fi
-    \fi
-  \fi
-  %
-  % Make link in pdf output.
-  \ifpdf
-    \leavevmode
-    \getfilename{#4}%
-    {\turnoffactive \otherbackslash
-     \ifnum\filenamelength>0
-       \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}%
-         goto file{\the\filename.pdf} name{#1}%
-     \else
-       \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}%
-         goto name{\pdfmkpgn{#1}}%
-     \fi
-    }%
-    \linkcolor
-  \fi
-  %
-  % Float references are printed completely differently: "Figure 1.2"
-  % instead of "[somenode], p.3".  We distinguish them by the
-  % LABEL-title being set to a magic string.
-  {%
-    % Have to otherify everything special to allow the \csname to
-    % include an _ in the xref name, etc.
-    \indexnofonts
-    \turnoffactive
-    \otherbackslash
-    \expandafter\global\expandafter\let\expandafter\Xthisreftitle
-      \csname XR#1-title\endcsname
-  }%
-  \iffloat\Xthisreftitle
-    % If the user specified the print name (third arg) to the ref,
-    % print it instead of our usual "Figure 1.2".
-    \ifdim\wd0 = 0pt
-      \refx{#1-snt}%
-    \else
-      \printedrefname
-    \fi
-    %
-    % if the user also gave the printed manual name (fifth arg), append
-    % "in MANUALNAME".
-    \ifdim \wd1 > 0pt
-      \space \putwordin{} \cite{\printedmanual}%
-    \fi
-  \else
-    % node/anchor (non-float) references.
-    %
-    % If we use \unhbox0 and \unhbox1 to print the node names, TeX does not
-    % insert empty discretionaries after hyphens, which means that it will
-    % not find a line break at a hyphen in a node names.  Since some manuals
-    % are best written with fairly long node names, containing hyphens, this
-    % is a loss.  Therefore, we give the text of the node name again, so it
-    % is as if TeX is seeing it for the first time.
-    \ifdim \wd1 > 0pt
-      \putwordsection{} ``\printedrefname'' \putwordin{} \cite{\printedmanual}%
-    \else
-      % _ (for example) has to be the character _ for the purposes of the
-      % control sequence corresponding to the node, but it has to expand
-      % into the usual \leavevmode...\vrule stuff for purposes of
-      % printing. So we \turnoffactive for the \refx-snt, back on for the
-      % printing, back off for the \refx-pg.
-      {\turnoffactive \otherbackslash
-       % Only output a following space if the -snt ref is nonempty; for
-       % @unnumbered and @anchor, it won't be.
-       \setbox2 = \hbox{\ignorespaces \refx{#1-snt}{}}%
-       \ifdim \wd2 > 0pt \refx{#1-snt}\space\fi
-      }%
-      % output the `[mynode]' via a macro so it can be overridden.
-      \xrefprintnodename\printedrefname
-      %
-      % But we always want a comma and a space:
-      ,\space
-      %
-      % output the `page 3'.
-      \turnoffactive \otherbackslash \putwordpage\tie\refx{#1-pg}{}%
-    \fi
-  \fi
-  \endlink
-\endgroup}
-
-% This macro is called from \xrefX for the `[nodename]' part of xref
-% output.  It's a separate macro only so it can be changed more easily,
-% since square brackets don't work well in some documents.  Particularly
-% one that Bob is working on :).
-%
-\def\xrefprintnodename#1{[#1]}
-
-% Things referred to by \setref.
-%
-\def\Ynothing{}
-\def\Yomitfromtoc{}
-\def\Ynumbered{%
-  \ifnum\secno=0
-    \putwordChapter@tie \the\chapno
-  \else \ifnum\subsecno=0
-    \putwordSection@tie \the\chapno.\the\secno
-  \else \ifnum\subsubsecno=0
-    \putwordSection@tie \the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno
-  \else
-    \putwordSection@tie \the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno
-  \fi\fi\fi
-}
-\def\Yappendix{%
-  \ifnum\secno=0
-     \putwordAppendix@tie @char\the\appendixno{}%
-  \else \ifnum\subsecno=0
-     \putwordSection@tie @char\the\appendixno.\the\secno
-  \else \ifnum\subsubsecno=0
-    \putwordSection@tie @char\the\appendixno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno
-  \else
-    \putwordSection@tie
-      @char\the\appendixno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno
-  \fi\fi\fi
-}
-
-% Define \refx{NAME}{SUFFIX} to reference a cross-reference string named NAME.
-% If its value is nonempty, SUFFIX is output afterward.
-%
-\def\refx#1#2{%
-  {%
-    \indexnofonts
-    \otherbackslash
-    \expandafter\global\expandafter\let\expandafter\thisrefX
-      \csname XR#1\endcsname
-  }%
-  \ifx\thisrefX\relax
-    % If not defined, say something at least.
-    \angleleft un\-de\-fined\angleright
-    \iflinks
-      \ifhavexrefs
-        \message{\linenumber Undefined cross reference `#1'.}%
-      \else
-        \ifwarnedxrefs\else
-          \global\warnedxrefstrue
-          \message{Cross reference values unknown; you must run TeX again.}%
-        \fi
-      \fi
-    \fi
-  \else
-    % It's defined, so just use it.
-    \thisrefX
-  \fi
-  #2% Output the suffix in any case.
-}
-
-% This is the macro invoked by entries in the aux file.  Usually it's
-% just a \def (we prepend XR to the control sequence name to avoid
-% collisions).  But if this is a float type, we have more work to do.
-%
-\def\xrdef#1#2{%
-  \expandafter\gdef\csname XR#1\endcsname{#2}% remember this xref value.
-  %
-  % Was that xref control sequence that we just defined for a float?
-  \expandafter\iffloat\csname XR#1\endcsname
-    % it was a float, and we have the (safe) float type in \iffloattype.
-    \expandafter\let\expandafter\floatlist
-      \csname floatlist\iffloattype\endcsname
-    %
-    % Is this the first time we've seen this float type?
-    \expandafter\ifx\floatlist\relax
-      \toks0 = {\do}% yes, so just \do
-    \else
-      % had it before, so preserve previous elements in list.
-      \toks0 = \expandafter{\floatlist\do}%
-    \fi
-    %
-    % Remember this xref in the control sequence \floatlistFLOATTYPE,
-    % for later use in \listoffloats.
-    \expandafter\xdef\csname floatlist\iffloattype\endcsname{\the\toks0{#1}}%
-  \fi
-}
-
-% Read the last existing aux file, if any.  No error if none exists.
-%
-\def\tryauxfile{%
-  \openin 1 \jobname.aux
-  \ifeof 1 \else
-    \readauxfile
-    \global\havexrefstrue
-  \fi
-  \closein 1
-}
-
-\def\readauxfile{\begingroup
-  \catcode`\^^@=\other
-  \catcode`\^^A=\other
-  \catcode`\^^B=\other
-  \catcode`\^^C=\other
-  \catcode`\^^D=\other
-  \catcode`\^^E=\other
-  \catcode`\^^F=\other
-  \catcode`\^^G=\other
-  \catcode`\^^H=\other
-  \catcode`\^^K=\other
-  \catcode`\^^L=\other
-  \catcode`\^^N=\other
-  \catcode`\^^P=\other
-  \catcode`\^^Q=\other
-  \catcode`\^^R=\other
-  \catcode`\^^S=\other
-  \catcode`\^^T=\other
-  \catcode`\^^U=\other
-  \catcode`\^^V=\other
-  \catcode`\^^W=\other
-  \catcode`\^^X=\other
-  \catcode`\^^Z=\other
-  \catcode`\^^[=\other
-  \catcode`\^^\=\other
-  \catcode`\^^]=\other
-  \catcode`\^^^=\other
-  \catcode`\^^_=\other
-  % It was suggested to set the catcode of ^ to 7, which would allow ^^e4 etc.
-  % in xref tags, i.e., node names.  But since ^^e4 notation isn't
-  % supported in the main text, it doesn't seem desirable.  Furthermore,
-  % that is not enough: for node names that actually contain a ^
-  % character, we would end up writing a line like this: 'xrdef {'hat
-  % b-title}{'hat b} and \xrdef does a \csname...\endcsname on the first
-  % argument, and \hat is not an expandable control sequence.  It could
-  % all be worked out, but why?  Either we support ^^ or we don't.
-  %
-  % The other change necessary for this was to define \auxhat:
-  % \def\auxhat{\def^{'hat }}% extra space so ok if followed by letter
-  % and then to call \auxhat in \setq.
-  %
-  \catcode`\^=\other
-  %
-  % Special characters.  Should be turned off anyway, but...
-  \catcode`\~=\other
-  \catcode`\[=\other
-  \catcode`\]=\other
-  \catcode`\"=\other
-  \catcode`\_=\other
-  \catcode`\|=\other
-  \catcode`\<=\other
-  \catcode`\>=\other
-  \catcode`\$=\other
-  \catcode`\#=\other
-  \catcode`\&=\other
-  \catcode`\%=\other
-  \catcode`+=\other % avoid \+ for paranoia even though we've turned it off
-  %
-  % This is to support \ in node names and titles, since the \
-  % characters end up in a \csname.  It's easier than
-  % leaving it active and making its active definition an actual \
-  % character.  What I don't understand is why it works in the *value*
-  % of the xrdef.  Seems like it should be a catcode12 \, and that
-  % should not typeset properly.  But it works, so I'm moving on for
-  % now.  --karl, 15jan04.
-  \catcode`\\=\other
-  %
-  % Make the characters 128-255 be printing characters.
-  {%
-    \count 1=128
-    \def\loop{%
-      \catcode\count 1=\other
-      \advance\count 1 by 1
-      \ifnum \count 1<256 \loop \fi
-    }%
-  }%
-  %
-  % @ is our escape character in .aux files, and we need braces.
-  \catcode`\{=1
-  \catcode`\}=2
-  \catcode`\@=0
-  %
-  \input \jobname.aux
-\endgroup}
-
-
-\message{insertions,}
-% including footnotes.
-
-\newcount \footnoteno
-
-% The trailing space in the following definition for supereject is
-% vital for proper filling; pages come out unaligned when you do a
-% pagealignmacro call if that space before the closing brace is
-% removed. (Generally, numeric constants should always be followed by a
-% space to prevent strange expansion errors.)
-\def\supereject{\par\penalty -20000\footnoteno =0 }
-
-% @footnotestyle is meaningful for info output only.
-\let\footnotestyle=\comment
-
-{\catcode `\@=11
-%
-% Auto-number footnotes.  Otherwise like plain.
-\gdef\footnote{%
-  \let\indent=\ptexindent
-  \let\noindent=\ptexnoindent
-  \global\advance\footnoteno by \@ne
-  \edef\thisfootno{$^{\the\footnoteno}$}%
-  %
-  % In case the footnote comes at the end of a sentence, preserve the
-  % extra spacing after we do the footnote number.
-  \let\@sf\empty
-  \ifhmode\edef\@sf{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\ptexslash\fi
-  %
-  % Remove inadvertent blank space before typesetting the footnote number.
-  \unskip
-  \thisfootno\@sf
-  \dofootnote
-}%
-
-% Don't bother with the trickery in plain.tex to not require the
-% footnote text as a parameter.  Our footnotes don't need to be so general.
-%
-% Oh yes, they do; otherwise, @ifset (and anything else that uses
-% \parseargline) fails inside footnotes because the tokens are fixed when
-% the footnote is read.  --karl, 16nov96.
-%
-\gdef\dofootnote{%
-  \insert\footins\bgroup
-  % We want to typeset this text as a normal paragraph, even if the
-  % footnote reference occurs in (for example) a display environment.
-  % So reset some parameters.
-  \hsize=\pagewidth
-  \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
-  \splittopskip\ht\strutbox % top baseline for broken footnotes
-  \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox
-  \floatingpenalty\@MM
-  \leftskip\z@skip
-  \rightskip\z@skip
-  \spaceskip\z@skip
-  \xspaceskip\z@skip
-  \parindent\defaultparindent
-  %
-  \smallfonts \rm
-  %
-  % Because we use hanging indentation in footnotes, a @noindent appears
-  % to exdent this text, so make it be a no-op.  makeinfo does not use
-  % hanging indentation so @noindent can still be needed within footnote
-  % text after an @example or the like (not that this is good style).
-  \let\noindent = \relax
-  %
-  % Hang the footnote text off the number.  Use \everypar in case the
-  % footnote extends for more than one paragraph.
-  \everypar = {\hang}%
-  \textindent{\thisfootno}%
-  %
-  % Don't crash into the line above the footnote text.  Since this
-  % expands into a box, it must come within the paragraph, lest it
-  % provide a place where TeX can split the footnote.
-  \footstrut
-  \futurelet\next\fo@t
-}
-}%end \catcode `\@=11
-
-% In case a @footnote appears in a vbox, save the footnote text and create
-% the real \insert just after the vbox finished.  Otherwise, the insertion
-% would be lost.
-% Similarily, if a @footnote appears inside an alignment, save the footnote
-% text to a box and make the \insert when a row of the table is finished.
-% And the same can be done for other insert classes.  --kasal, 16nov03.
-
-% Replace the \insert primitive by a cheating macro.
-% Deeper inside, just make sure that the saved insertions are not spilled
-% out prematurely.
-%
-\def\startsavinginserts{%
-  \ifx \insert\ptexinsert
-    \let\insert\saveinsert
-  \else
-    \let\checkinserts\relax
-  \fi
-}
-
-% This \insert replacement works for both \insert\footins{foo} and
-% \insert\footins\bgroup foo\egroup, but it doesn't work for \insert27{foo}.
-%
-\def\saveinsert#1{%
-  \edef\next{\noexpand\savetobox \makeSAVEname#1}%
-  \afterassignment\next
-  % swallow the left brace
-  \let\temp =
-}
-\def\makeSAVEname#1{\makecsname{SAVE\expandafter\gobble\string#1}}
-\def\savetobox#1{\global\setbox#1 = \vbox\bgroup \unvbox#1}
-
-\def\checksaveins#1{\ifvoid#1\else \placesaveins#1\fi}
-
-\def\placesaveins#1{%
-  \ptexinsert \csname\expandafter\gobblesave\string#1\endcsname
-    {\box#1}%
-}
-
-% eat @SAVE -- beware, all of them have catcode \other:
-{
-  \def\dospecials{\do S\do A\do V\do E} \uncatcodespecials  %  ;-)
-  \gdef\gobblesave @SAVE{}
-}
-
-% initialization:
-\def\newsaveins #1{%
-  \edef\next{\noexpand\newsaveinsX \makeSAVEname#1}%
-  \next
-}
-\def\newsaveinsX #1{%
-  \csname newbox\endcsname #1%
-  \expandafter\def\expandafter\checkinserts\expandafter{\checkinserts
-    \checksaveins #1}%
-}
-
-% initialize:
-\let\checkinserts\empty
-\newsaveins\footins
-\newsaveins\margin
-
-
-% @image.  We use the macros from epsf.tex to support this.
-% If epsf.tex is not installed and @image is used, we complain.
-%
-% Check for and read epsf.tex up front.  If we read it only at @image
-% time, we might be inside a group, and then its definitions would get
-% undone and the next image would fail.
-\openin 1 = epsf.tex
-\ifeof 1 \else
-  % Do not bother showing banner with epsf.tex v2.7k (available in
-  % doc/epsf.tex and on ctan).
-  \def\epsfannounce{\toks0 = }%
-  \input epsf.tex
-\fi
-\closein 1
-%
-% We will only complain once about lack of epsf.tex.
-\newif\ifwarnednoepsf
-\newhelp\noepsfhelp{epsf.tex must be installed for images to
-  work.  It is also included in the Texinfo distribution, or you can get
-  it from ftp://tug.org/tex/epsf.tex.}
-%
-\def\image#1{%
-  \ifx\epsfbox\undefined
-    \ifwarnednoepsf \else
-      \errhelp = \noepsfhelp
-      \errmessage{epsf.tex not found, images will be ignored}%
-      \global\warnednoepsftrue
-    \fi
-  \else
-    \imagexxx #1,,,,,\finish
-  \fi
-}
-%
-% Arguments to @image:
-% #1 is (mandatory) image filename; we tack on .eps extension.
-% #2 is (optional) width, #3 is (optional) height.
-% #4 is (ignored optional) html alt text.
-% #5 is (ignored optional) extension.
-% #6 is just the usual extra ignored arg for parsing this stuff.
-\newif\ifimagevmode
-\def\imagexxx#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6\finish{\begingroup
-  \catcode`\^^M = 5     % in case we're inside an example
-  \normalturnoffactive  % allow _ et al. in names
-  % If the image is by itself, center it.
-  \ifvmode
-    \imagevmodetrue
-    \nobreak\bigskip
-    % Usually we'll have text after the image which will insert
-    % \parskip glue, so insert it here too to equalize the space
-    % above and below.
-    \nobreak\vskip\parskip
-    \nobreak
-    \line\bgroup\hss
-  \fi
-  %
-  % Output the image.
-  \ifpdf
-    \dopdfimage{#1}{#2}{#3}%
-  \else
-    % \epsfbox itself resets \epsf?size at each figure.
-    \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \epsfxsize=#2\relax \fi
-    \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #3}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \epsfysize=#3\relax \fi
-    \epsfbox{#1.eps}%
-  \fi
-  %
-  \ifimagevmode \hss \egroup \bigbreak \fi  % space after the image
-\endgroup}
-
-
-% @float FLOATTYPE,LABEL,LOC ... @end float for displayed figures, tables,
-% etc.  We don't actually implement floating yet, we always include the
-% float "here".  But it seemed the best name for the future.
-%
-\envparseargdef\float{\eatcommaspace\eatcommaspace\dofloat#1, , ,\finish}
-
-% There may be a space before second and/or third parameter; delete it.
-\def\eatcommaspace#1, {#1,}
-
-% #1 is the optional FLOATTYPE, the text label for this float, typically
-% "Figure", "Table", "Example", etc.  Can't contain commas.  If omitted,
-% this float will not be numbered and cannot be referred to.
-%
-% #2 is the optional xref label.  Also must be present for the float to
-% be referable.
-%
-% #3 is the optional positioning argument; for now, it is ignored.  It
-% will somehow specify the positions allowed to float to (here, top, bottom).
-%
-% We keep a separate counter for each FLOATTYPE, which we reset at each
-% chapter-level command.
-\let\resetallfloatnos=\empty
-%
-\def\dofloat#1,#2,#3,#4\finish{%
-  \let\thiscaption=\empty
-  \let\thisshortcaption=\empty
-  %
-  % don't lose footnotes inside @float.
-  %
-  % BEWARE: when the floats start float, we have to issue warning whenever an
-  % insert appears inside a float which could possibly float. --kasal, 26may04
-  %
-  \startsavinginserts
-  %
-  % We can't be used inside a paragraph.
-  \par
-  %
-  \vtop\bgroup
-    \def\floattype{#1}%
-    \def\floatlabel{#2}%
-    \def\floatloc{#3}% we do nothing with this yet.
-    %
-    \ifx\floattype\empty
-      \let\safefloattype=\empty
-    \else
-      {%
-        % the floattype might have accents or other special characters,
-        % but we need to use it in a control sequence name.
-        \indexnofonts
-        \turnoffactive
-        \xdef\safefloattype{\floattype}%
-      }%
-    \fi
-    %
-    % If label is given but no type, we handle that as the empty type.
-    \ifx\floatlabel\empty \else
-      % We want each FLOATTYPE to be numbered separately (Figure 1,
-      % Table 1, Figure 2, ...).  (And if no label, no number.)
-      %
-      \expandafter\getfloatno\csname\safefloattype floatno\endcsname
-      \global\advance\floatno by 1
-      %
-      {%
-        % This magic value for \thissection is output by \setref as the
-        % XREFLABEL-title value.  \xrefX uses it to distinguish float
-        % labels (which have a completely different output format) from
-        % node and anchor labels.  And \xrdef uses it to construct the
-        % lists of floats.
-        %
-        \edef\thissection{\floatmagic=\safefloattype}%
-        \setref{\floatlabel}{Yfloat}%
-      }%
-    \fi
-    %
-    % start with \parskip glue, I guess.
-    \vskip\parskip
-    %
-    % Don't suppress indentation if a float happens to start a section.
-    \restorefirstparagraphindent
-}
-
-% we have these possibilities:
-% @float Foo,lbl & @caption{Cap}: Foo 1.1: Cap
-% @float Foo,lbl & no caption:    Foo 1.1
-% @float Foo & @caption{Cap}:     Foo: Cap
-% @float Foo & no caption:        Foo
-% @float ,lbl & Caption{Cap}:     1.1: Cap
-% @float ,lbl & no caption:       1.1
-% @float & @caption{Cap}:         Cap
-% @float & no caption:
-%
-\def\Efloat{%
-    \let\floatident = \empty
-    %
-    % In all cases, if we have a float type, it comes first.
-    \ifx\floattype\empty \else \def\floatident{\floattype}\fi
-    %
-    % If we have an xref label, the number comes next.
-    \ifx\floatlabel\empty \else
-      \ifx\floattype\empty \else % if also had float type, need tie first.
-        \appendtomacro\floatident{\tie}%
-      \fi
-      % the number.
-      \appendtomacro\floatident{\chaplevelprefix\the\floatno}%
-    \fi
-    %
-    % Start the printed caption with what we've constructed in
-    % \floatident, but keep it separate; we need \floatident again.
-    \let\captionline = \floatident
-    %
-    \ifx\thiscaption\empty \else
-      \ifx\floatident\empty \else
-	\appendtomacro\captionline{: }% had ident, so need a colon between
-      \fi
-      %
-      % caption text.
-      \appendtomacro\captionline{\scanexp\thiscaption}%
-    \fi
-    %
-    % If we have anything to print, print it, with space before.
-    % Eventually this needs to become an \insert.
-    \ifx\captionline\empty \else
-      \vskip.5\parskip
-      \captionline
-      %
-      % Space below caption.
-      \vskip\parskip
-    \fi
-    %
-    % If have an xref label, write the list of floats info.  Do this
-    % after the caption, to avoid chance of it being a breakpoint.
-    \ifx\floatlabel\empty \else
-      % Write the text that goes in the lof to the aux file as
-      % \floatlabel-lof.  Besides \floatident, we include the short
-      % caption if specified, else the full caption if specified, else nothing.
-      {%
-        \atdummies \turnoffactive \otherbackslash
-        % since we read the caption text in the macro world, where ^^M
-        % is turned into a normal character, we have to scan it back, so
-        % we don't write the literal three characters "^^M" into the aux file.
-	\scanexp{%
-	  \xdef\noexpand\gtemp{%
-	    \ifx\thisshortcaption\empty
-	      \thiscaption
-	    \else
-	      \thisshortcaption
-	    \fi
-	  }%
-	}%
-        \immediate\write\auxfile{@xrdef{\floatlabel-lof}{\floatident
-	  \ifx\gtemp\empty \else : \gtemp \fi}}%
-      }%
-    \fi
-  \egroup  % end of \vtop
-  %
-  % place the captured inserts
-  %
-  % BEWARE: when the floats start float, we have to issue warning whenever an
-  % insert appears inside a float which could possibly float. --kasal, 26may04
-  %
-  \checkinserts
-}
-
-% Append the tokens #2 to the definition of macro #1, not expanding either.
-%
-\def\appendtomacro#1#2{%
-  \expandafter\def\expandafter#1\expandafter{#1#2}%
-}
-
-% @caption, @shortcaption
-%
-\def\caption{\docaption\thiscaption}
-\def\shortcaption{\docaption\thisshortcaption}
-\def\docaption{\checkenv\float \bgroup\scanargctxt\defcaption}
-\def\defcaption#1#2{\egroup \def#1{#2}}
-
-% The parameter is the control sequence identifying the counter we are
-% going to use.  Create it if it doesn't exist and assign it to \floatno.
-\def\getfloatno#1{%
-  \ifx#1\relax
-      % Haven't seen this figure type before.
-      \csname newcount\endcsname #1%
-      %
-      % Remember to reset this floatno at the next chap.
-      \expandafter\gdef\expandafter\resetallfloatnos
-        \expandafter{\resetallfloatnos #1=0 }%
-  \fi
-  \let\floatno#1%
-}
-
-% \setref calls this to get the XREFLABEL-snt value.  We want an @xref
-% to the FLOATLABEL to expand to "Figure 3.1".  We call \setref when we
-% first read the @float command.
-%
-\def\Yfloat{\floattype@tie \chaplevelprefix\the\floatno}%
-
-% Magic string used for the XREFLABEL-title value, so \xrefX can
-% distinguish floats from other xref types.
-\def\floatmagic{!!float!!}
-
-% #1 is the control sequence we are passed; we expand into a conditional
-% which is true if #1 represents a float ref.  That is, the magic
-% \thissection value which we \setref above.
-%
-\def\iffloat#1{\expandafter\doiffloat#1==\finish}
-%
-% #1 is (maybe) the \floatmagic string.  If so, #2 will be the
-% (safe) float type for this float.  We set \iffloattype to #2.
-%
-\def\doiffloat#1=#2=#3\finish{%
-  \def\temp{#1}%
-  \def\iffloattype{#2}%
-  \ifx\temp\floatmagic
-}
-
-% @listoffloats FLOATTYPE - print a list of floats like a table of contents.
-%
-\parseargdef\listoffloats{%
-  \def\floattype{#1}% floattype
-  {%
-    % the floattype might have accents or other special characters,
-    % but we need to use it in a control sequence name.
-    \indexnofonts
-    \turnoffactive
-    \xdef\safefloattype{\floattype}%
-  }%
-  %
-  % \xrdef saves the floats as a \do-list in \floatlistSAFEFLOATTYPE.
-  \expandafter\ifx\csname floatlist\safefloattype\endcsname \relax
-    \ifhavexrefs
-      % if the user said @listoffloats foo but never @float foo.
-      \message{\linenumber No `\safefloattype' floats to list.}%
-    \fi
-  \else
-    \begingroup
-      \leftskip=\tocindent  % indent these entries like a toc
-      \let\do=\listoffloatsdo
-      \csname floatlist\safefloattype\endcsname
-    \endgroup
-  \fi
-}
-
-% This is called on each entry in a list of floats.  We're passed the
-% xref label, in the form LABEL-title, which is how we save it in the
-% aux file.  We strip off the -title and look up \XRLABEL-lof, which
-% has the text we're supposed to typeset here.
-%
-% Figures without xref labels will not be included in the list (since
-% they won't appear in the aux file).
-%
-\def\listoffloatsdo#1{\listoffloatsdoentry#1\finish}
-\def\listoffloatsdoentry#1-title\finish{{%
-  % Can't fully expand XR#1-lof because it can contain anything.  Just
-  % pass the control sequence.  On the other hand, XR#1-pg is just the
-  % page number, and we want to fully expand that so we can get a link
-  % in pdf output.
-  \toksA = \expandafter{\csname XR#1-lof\endcsname}%
-  %
-  % use the same \entry macro we use to generate the TOC and index.
-  \edef\writeentry{\noexpand\entry{\the\toksA}{\csname XR#1-pg\endcsname}}%
-  \writeentry
-}}
-
-\message{localization,}
-% and i18n.
-
-% @documentlanguage is usually given very early, just after
-% @setfilename.  If done too late, it may not override everything
-% properly.  Single argument is the language abbreviation.
-% It would be nice if we could set up a hyphenation file here.
-%
-\parseargdef\documentlanguage{%
-  \tex % read txi-??.tex file in plain TeX.
-    % Read the file if it exists.
-    \openin 1 txi-#1.tex
-    \ifeof 1
-      \errhelp = \nolanghelp
-      \errmessage{Cannot read language file txi-#1.tex}%
-    \else
-      \input txi-#1.tex
-    \fi
-    \closein 1
-  \endgroup
-}
-\newhelp\nolanghelp{The given language definition file cannot be found or
-is empty.  Maybe you need to install it?  In the current directory
-should work if nowhere else does.}
-
-
-% @documentencoding should change something in TeX eventually, most
-% likely, but for now just recognize it.
-\let\documentencoding = \comment
-
-
-% Page size parameters.
-%
-\newdimen\defaultparindent \defaultparindent = 15pt
-
-\chapheadingskip = 15pt plus 4pt minus 2pt
-\secheadingskip = 12pt plus 3pt minus 2pt
-\subsecheadingskip = 9pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
-
-% Prevent underfull vbox error messages.
-\vbadness = 10000
-
-% Don't be so finicky about underfull hboxes, either.
-\hbadness = 2000
-
-% Following George Bush, just get rid of widows and orphans.
-\widowpenalty=10000
-\clubpenalty=10000
-
-% Use TeX 3.0's \emergencystretch to help line breaking, but if we're
-% using an old version of TeX, don't do anything.  We want the amount of
-% stretch added to depend on the line length, hence the dependence on
-% \hsize.  We call this whenever the paper size is set.
-%
-\def\setemergencystretch{%
-  \ifx\emergencystretch\thisisundefined
-    % Allow us to assign to \emergencystretch anyway.
-    \def\emergencystretch{\dimen0}%
-  \else
-    \emergencystretch = .15\hsize
-  \fi
-}
-
-% Parameters in order: 1) textheight; 2) textwidth; 3) voffset;
-% 4) hoffset; 5) binding offset; 6) topskip; 7) physical page height; 8)
-% physical page width.
-%
-% We also call \setleading{\textleading}, so the caller should define
-% \textleading.  The caller should also set \parskip.
-%
-\def\internalpagesizes#1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8{%
-  \voffset = #3\relax
-  \topskip = #6\relax
-  \splittopskip = \topskip
-  %
-  \vsize = #1\relax
-  \advance\vsize by \topskip
-  \outervsize = \vsize
-  \advance\outervsize by 2\topandbottommargin
-  \pageheight = \vsize
-  %
-  \hsize = #2\relax
-  \outerhsize = \hsize
-  \advance\outerhsize by 0.5in
-  \pagewidth = \hsize
-  %
-  \normaloffset = #4\relax
-  \bindingoffset = #5\relax
-  %
-  \ifpdf
-    \pdfpageheight #7\relax
-    \pdfpagewidth #8\relax
-  \fi
-  %
-  \setleading{\textleading}
-  %
-  \parindent = \defaultparindent
-  \setemergencystretch
-}
-
-% @letterpaper (the default).
-\def\letterpaper{{\globaldefs = 1
-  \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt
-  \textleading = 13.2pt
-  %
-  % If page is nothing but text, make it come out even.
-  \internalpagesizes{46\baselineskip}{6in}%
-                    {\voffset}{.25in}%
-                    {\bindingoffset}{36pt}%
-                    {11in}{8.5in}%
-}}
-
-% Use @smallbook to reset parameters for 7x9.5 (or so) format.
-\def\smallbook{{\globaldefs = 1
-  \parskip = 2pt plus 1pt
-  \textleading = 12pt
-  %
-  \internalpagesizes{7.5in}{5in}%
-                    {\voffset}{.25in}%
-                    {\bindingoffset}{16pt}%
-                    {9.25in}{7in}%
-  %
-  \lispnarrowing = 0.3in
-  \tolerance = 700
-  \hfuzz = 1pt
-  \contentsrightmargin = 0pt
-  \defbodyindent = .5cm
-}}
-
-% Use @afourpaper to print on European A4 paper.
-\def\afourpaper{{\globaldefs = 1
-  \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt
-  \textleading = 13.2pt
-  %
-  % Double-side printing via postscript on Laserjet 4050
-  % prints double-sided nicely when \bindingoffset=10mm and \hoffset=-6mm.
-  % To change the settings for a different printer or situation, adjust
-  % \normaloffset until the front-side and back-side texts align.  Then
-  % do the same for \bindingoffset.  You can set these for testing in
-  % your texinfo source file like this:
-  % @tex
-  % \global\normaloffset = -6mm
-  % \global\bindingoffset = 10mm
-  % @end tex
-  \internalpagesizes{51\baselineskip}{160mm}
-                    {\voffset}{\hoffset}%
-                    {\bindingoffset}{44pt}%
-                    {297mm}{210mm}%
-  %
-  \tolerance = 700
-  \hfuzz = 1pt
-  \contentsrightmargin = 0pt
-  \defbodyindent = 5mm
-}}
-
-% Use @afivepaper to print on European A5 paper.
-% From romildo@urano.iceb.ufop.br, 2 July 2000.
-% He also recommends making @example and @lisp be small.
-\def\afivepaper{{\globaldefs = 1
-  \parskip = 2pt plus 1pt minus 0.1pt
-  \textleading = 12.5pt
-  %
-  \internalpagesizes{160mm}{120mm}%
-                    {\voffset}{\hoffset}%
-                    {\bindingoffset}{8pt}%
-                    {210mm}{148mm}%
-  %
-  \lispnarrowing = 0.2in
-  \tolerance = 800
-  \hfuzz = 1.2pt
-  \contentsrightmargin = 0pt
-  \defbodyindent = 2mm
-  \tableindent = 12mm
-}}
-
-% A specific text layout, 24x15cm overall, intended for A4 paper.
-\def\afourlatex{{\globaldefs = 1
-  \afourpaper
-  \internalpagesizes{237mm}{150mm}%
-                    {\voffset}{4.6mm}%
-                    {\bindingoffset}{7mm}%
-                    {297mm}{210mm}%
-  %
-  % Must explicitly reset to 0 because we call \afourpaper.
-  \globaldefs = 0
-}}
-
-% Use @afourwide to print on A4 paper in landscape format.
-\def\afourwide{{\globaldefs = 1
-  \afourpaper
-  \internalpagesizes{241mm}{165mm}%
-                    {\voffset}{-2.95mm}%
-                    {\bindingoffset}{7mm}%
-                    {297mm}{210mm}%
-  \globaldefs = 0
-}}
-
-% @pagesizes TEXTHEIGHT[,TEXTWIDTH]
-% Perhaps we should allow setting the margins, \topskip, \parskip,
-% and/or leading, also. Or perhaps we should compute them somehow.
-%
-\parseargdef\pagesizes{\pagesizesyyy #1,,\finish}
-\def\pagesizesyyy#1,#2,#3\finish{{%
-  \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \hsize=#2\relax \fi
-  \globaldefs = 1
-  %
-  \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt
-  \setleading{\textleading}%
-  %
-  \dimen0 = #1
-  \advance\dimen0 by \voffset
-  %
-  \dimen2 = \hsize
-  \advance\dimen2 by \normaloffset
-  %
-  \internalpagesizes{#1}{\hsize}%
-                    {\voffset}{\normaloffset}%
-                    {\bindingoffset}{44pt}%
-                    {\dimen0}{\dimen2}%
-}}
-
-% Set default to letter.
-%
-\letterpaper
-
-
-\message{and turning on texinfo input format.}
-
-% Define macros to output various characters with catcode for normal text.
-\catcode`\"=\other
-\catcode`\~=\other
-\catcode`\^=\other
-\catcode`\_=\other
-\catcode`\|=\other
-\catcode`\<=\other
-\catcode`\>=\other
-\catcode`\+=\other
-\catcode`\$=\other
-\def\normaldoublequote{"}
-\def\normaltilde{~}
-\def\normalcaret{^}
-\def\normalunderscore{_}
-\def\normalverticalbar{|}
-\def\normalless{<}
-\def\normalgreater{>}
-\def\normalplus{+}
-\def\normaldollar{$}%$ font-lock fix
-
-% This macro is used to make a character print one way in \tt
-% (where it can probably be output as-is), and another way in other fonts,
-% where something hairier probably needs to be done.
-%
-% #1 is what to print if we are indeed using \tt; #2 is what to print
-% otherwise.  Since all the Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero
-% interword stretch (and shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all
-% typewriter fonts to have this, we can check that font parameter.
-%
-\def\ifusingtt#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen3\font=0pt #1\else #2\fi}
-
-% Same as above, but check for italic font.  Actually this also catches
-% non-italic slanted fonts since it is impossible to distinguish them from
-% italic fonts.  But since this is only used by $ and it uses \sl anyway
-% this is not a problem.
-\def\ifusingit#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen1\font>0pt #1\else #2\fi}
-
-% Turn off all special characters except @
-% (and those which the user can use as if they were ordinary).
-% Most of these we simply print from the \tt font, but for some, we can
-% use math or other variants that look better in normal text.
-
-\catcode`\"=\active
-\def\activedoublequote{{\tt\char34}}
-\let"=\activedoublequote
-\catcode`\~=\active
-\def~{{\tt\char126}}
-\chardef\hat=`\^
-\catcode`\^=\active
-\def^{{\tt \hat}}
-
-\catcode`\_=\active
-\def_{\ifusingtt\normalunderscore\_}
-% Subroutine for the previous macro.
-\def\_{\leavevmode \kern.07em \vbox{\hrule width.3em height.1ex}\kern .07em }
-
-\catcode`\|=\active
-\def|{{\tt\char124}}
-\chardef \less=`\<
-\catcode`\<=\active
-\def<{{\tt \less}}
-\chardef \gtr=`\>
-\catcode`\>=\active
-\def>{{\tt \gtr}}
-\catcode`\+=\active
-\def+{{\tt \char 43}}
-\catcode`\$=\active
-\def${\ifusingit{{\sl\$}}\normaldollar}%$ font-lock fix
-
-% If a .fmt file is being used, characters that might appear in a file
-% name cannot be active until we have parsed the command line.
-% So turn them off again, and have \everyjob (or @setfilename) turn them on.
-% \otherifyactive is called near the end of this file.
-\def\otherifyactive{\catcode`+=\other \catcode`\_=\other}
-
-\catcode`\@=0
-
-% \backslashcurfont outputs one backslash character in current font,
-% as in \char`\\.
-\global\chardef\backslashcurfont=`\\
-\global\let\rawbackslashxx=\backslashcurfont  % let existing .??s files work
-
-% \rawbackslash defines an active \ to do \backslashcurfont.
-% \otherbackslash defines an active \ to be a literal `\' character with
-% catcode other.
-{\catcode`\\=\active
- @gdef@rawbackslash{@let\=@backslashcurfont}
- @gdef@otherbackslash{@let\=@realbackslash}
-}
-
-% \realbackslash is an actual character `\' with catcode other.
-{\catcode`\\=\other @gdef@realbackslash{\}}
-
-% \normalbackslash outputs one backslash in fixed width font.
-\def\normalbackslash{{\tt\backslashcurfont}}
-
-\catcode`\\=\active
-
-% Used sometimes to turn off (effectively) the active characters
-% even after parsing them.
-@def@turnoffactive{%
-  @let"=@normaldoublequote
-  @let\=@realbackslash
-  @let~=@normaltilde
-  @let^=@normalcaret
-  @let_=@normalunderscore
-  @let|=@normalverticalbar
-  @let<=@normalless
-  @let>=@normalgreater
-  @let+=@normalplus
-  @let$=@normaldollar %$ font-lock fix
-  @unsepspaces
-}
-
-% Same as @turnoffactive except outputs \ as {\tt\char`\\} instead of
-% the literal character `\'.  (Thus, \ is not expandable when this is in
-% effect.)
-%
-@def@normalturnoffactive{@turnoffactive @let\=@normalbackslash}
-
-% Make _ and + \other characters, temporarily.
-% This is canceled by @fixbackslash.
-@otherifyactive
-
-% If a .fmt file is being used, we don't want the `\input texinfo' to show up.
-% That is what \eatinput is for; after that, the `\' should revert to printing
-% a backslash.
-%
-@gdef@eatinput input texinfo{@fixbackslash}
-@global@let\ = @eatinput
-
-% On the other hand, perhaps the file did not have a `\input texinfo'. Then
-% the first `\{ in the file would cause an error. This macro tries to fix
-% that, assuming it is called before the first `\' could plausibly occur.
-% Also back turn on active characters that might appear in the input
-% file name, in case not using a pre-dumped format.
-%
-@gdef@fixbackslash{%
-  @ifx\@eatinput @let\ = @normalbackslash @fi
-  @catcode`+=@active
-  @catcode`@_=@active
-}
-
-% Say @foo, not \foo, in error messages.
-@escapechar = `@@
-
-% These look ok in all fonts, so just make them not special.
-@catcode`@& = @other
-@catcode`@# = @other
-@catcode`@% = @other
-
-
-@c Local variables:
-@c eval: (add-hook 'write-file-hooks 'time-stamp)
-@c page-delimiter: "^\\\\message"
-@c time-stamp-start: "def\\\\texinfoversion{"
-@c time-stamp-format: "%:y-%02m-%02d.%02H"
-@c time-stamp-end: "}"
-@c End:
-
-@c vim:sw=2:
-
-@ignore
-   arch-tag: e1b36e32-c96e-4135-a41a-0b2efa2ea115
-@end ignore
+/usr/share/automake-1.11/texinfo.tex
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/isisd/Makefile.am b/isisd/Makefile.am
index 9c303390..26b8ee7c 100644
--- a/isisd/Makefile.am
+++ b/isisd/Makefile.am
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ noinst_LIBRARIES = libisis.a
 sbin_PROGRAMS = isisd 
 SUBDIRS = topology
 
-isis_method = @ISIS_METHOD@
-
 libisis_a_SOURCES = \
 	isis_adjacency.c isis_lsp.c dict.c isis_circuit.c isis_pdu.c \
 	isis_tlv.c isisd.c isis_misc.c isis_zebra.c isis_dr.c \
@@ -30,13 +28,10 @@ noinst_HEADERS = \
 	include-netbsd/clnp.h include-netbsd/esis.h include-netbsd/iso.h
 
 isisd_SOURCES = \
-	isis_main.c $(libisis_a_SOURCES)
-
-isisd_LDADD = $(isis_method) @ISIS_TOPOLOGY_LIB@ ../lib/libzebra.la @LIBCAP@
-
-isisd_DEPENDENCIES = $(isis_method)
+	isis_main.c $(libisis_a_SOURCES) \
+	isis_bpf.c isis_dlpi.c isis_pfpacket.c
 
-EXTRA_DIST = isis_bpf.c isis_dlpi.c isis_pfpacket.c
+isisd_LDADD = @ISIS_TOPOLOGY_LIB@ ../lib/libzebra.la @LIBCAP@
 
 examplesdir = $(exampledir)
 dist_examples_DATA = isisd.conf.sample
diff --git a/isisd/isis_bpf.c b/isisd/isis_bpf.c
index 8c3602db..05f11386 100644
--- a/isisd/isis_bpf.c
+++ b/isisd/isis_bpf.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <zebra.h>
+#if ISIS_METHOD == ISIS_METHOD_BPF
 #include <net/if.h>
 #include <netinet/if_ether.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
@@ -339,3 +340,5 @@ isis_send_pdu_p2p (struct isis_circuit *circuit, int level)
 {
   return ISIS_OK;
 }
+
+#endif /* ISIS_METHOD == ISIS_METHOD_BPF */
diff --git a/isisd/isis_dlpi.c b/isisd/isis_dlpi.c
index f4378464..1d9bf6a7 100644
--- a/isisd/isis_dlpi.c
+++ b/isisd/isis_dlpi.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <zebra.h>
+#if ISIS_METHOD == ISIS_METHOD_DLPI
 #include <net/if.h>
 #include <netinet/if_ether.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
@@ -622,3 +623,5 @@ isis_send_pdu_bcast (struct isis_circuit *circuit, int level)
     sock_buff, stream_get_endp (circuit->snd_stream) + LLC_LEN, 0);
   return ISIS_OK;
 }
+
+#endif /* ISIS_METHOD == ISIS_METHOD_DLPI */
diff --git a/isisd/isis_pfpacket.c b/isisd/isis_pfpacket.c
index 8752dba5..9e4165e3 100644
--- a/isisd/isis_pfpacket.c
+++ b/isisd/isis_pfpacket.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <zebra.h>
+#if ISIS_METHOD == ISIS_METHOD_PFPACKET
 #include <net/ethernet.h>	/* the L2 protocols */
 #include <netpacket/packet.h>
 
@@ -371,3 +372,5 @@ isis_send_pdu_p2p (struct isis_circuit *circuit, int level)
 
   return ISIS_OK;
 }
+
+#endif /* ISIS_METHOD == ISIS_METHOD_PFPACKET */
diff --git a/isisd/isis_routemap.c b/isisd/isis_routemap.c
index cff0fa3f..fcc05264 100644
--- a/isisd/isis_routemap.c
+++ b/isisd/isis_routemap.c
@@ -2,22 +2,22 @@
  * IS-IS Rout(e)ing protocol               - isis_routemap.c
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2001,2002   Sampo Saaristo
- *                           Tampere University of Technology      
+ *                           Tampere University of Technology
  *                           Institute of Communications Engineering
  *
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public Licenseas published by the Free 
- * Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) 
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public Licenseas published by the Free
+ * Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
  * any later version.
  *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,but WITHOUT 
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for 
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
  * more details.
 
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along 
- * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+ * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
  * 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
  */
 #include <zebra.h>
@@ -68,8 +68,7 @@ isis_route_map_upd (const char *name)
   for (i = 0; i <= ZEBRA_ROUTE_MAX; i++)
     {
       if (isis->rmap[i].name)
-	isis->rmap[i].map = isis->rmap[i].map =
-	  route_map_lookup_by_name (isis->rmap[i].name);
+	isis->rmap[i].map = route_map_lookup_by_name (isis->rmap[i].name);
       else
 	isis->rmap[i].map = NULL;
     }
diff --git a/lib/command.c b/lib/command.c
index a78ac05c..67a9ab04 100644
--- a/lib/command.c
+++ b/lib/command.c
@@ -92,10 +92,11 @@ Hello, this is " QUAGGA_PROGNAME " (version " QUAGGA_VERSION ").\r\n\
 " QUAGGA_COPYRIGHT "\r\n\
 \r\n";
 
+
 #ifdef QDEBUG
-const char *debug_banner =
-    QUAGGA_PROGNAME " version " QUAGGA_VERSION " QDEBUG=" QDEBUG " "
-    __DATE__ " " __TIME__;
+const char* debug_banner =
+    QUAGGA_PROGNAME " version " QUAGGA_VERSION " QDEBUG=" QDEBUG_NAME " "
+    __DATE__ " " __TIME__ ;
 #endif
 
 static const struct facility_map {
@@ -4172,6 +4173,8 @@ cmd_init (int terminal)
       install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_thread_cpu_cmd);
       install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_thread_cpu_cmd);
       install_element (RESTRICTED_NODE, &show_thread_cpu_cmd);
+      
+      install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &clear_thread_cpu_cmd);
       install_element (VIEW_NODE, &show_work_queues_cmd);
       install_element (ENABLE_NODE, &show_work_queues_cmd);
     }
diff --git a/lib/distribute.c b/lib/distribute.c
index 0e1c9458..8c0f057e 100644
--- a/lib/distribute.c
+++ b/lib/distribute.c
@@ -115,16 +115,11 @@ distribute_get (const char *ifname)
 }
 
 static unsigned int
-distribute_hash_make (struct distribute *dist)
+distribute_hash_make (void *arg)
 {
-  unsigned int i, key;
+  const struct distribute *dist = arg;
 
-  key = 0;
-  if (dist->ifname)
-    for (i = 0; i < strlen (dist->ifname); i++)
-      key += dist->ifname[i];
-
-  return key;
+  return dist->ifname ? string_hash_make (dist->ifname) : 0;
 }
 
 /* If two distribute-list have same value then return 1 else return
@@ -764,7 +759,7 @@ distribute_list_reset ()
 void
 distribute_list_init (int node)
 {
-  disthash = hash_create ((unsigned int (*) (void *)) distribute_hash_make,
+  disthash = hash_create (distribute_hash_make,
                           (int (*) (const void *, const void *)) distribute_cmp);
 
   if(node==RIP_NODE) {
diff --git a/lib/hash.c b/lib/hash.c
index 672327ec..6db79ea7 100644
--- a/lib/hash.c
+++ b/lib/hash.c
@@ -101,6 +101,17 @@ hash_lookup (struct hash *hash, void *data)
   return hash_get (hash, data, NULL);
 }
 
+/* Simple Bernstein hash which is simple and fast for common case */
+unsigned int string_hash_make (const char *str)
+{
+  unsigned int hash = 0;
+
+  while (*str)
+    hash = (hash * 33) ^ (unsigned int) *str++;
+
+  return hash;
+}
+
 /* This function release registered value from specified hash.  When
    release is successfully finished, return the data pointer in the
    hash backet.  */
diff --git a/lib/hash.h b/lib/hash.h
index f4b1c23e..4cb772e5 100644
--- a/lib/hash.h
+++ b/lib/hash.h
@@ -70,4 +70,6 @@ extern void hash_iterate (struct hash *,
 extern void hash_clean (struct hash *, void (*) (void *));
 extern void hash_free (struct hash *);
 
+extern unsigned int string_hash_make (const char *);
+
 #endif /* _ZEBRA_HASH_H */
diff --git a/lib/if.c b/lib/if.c
index b1d0d49a..048ee1fb 100644
--- a/lib/if.c
+++ b/lib/if.c
@@ -878,3 +878,21 @@ if_init (void)
 
   memset (&if_master, 0, sizeof if_master);
 }
+
+void
+if_terminate (void)
+{
+  for (;;)
+    {
+      struct interface *ifp;
+
+      ifp = listnode_head (iflist);
+      if (ifp == NULL)
+	break;
+
+      if_delete (ifp);
+    }
+
+  list_delete (iflist);
+  iflist = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/lib/if.h b/lib/if.h
index c99ab81b..841ce51e 100644
--- a/lib/if.h
+++ b/lib/if.h
@@ -266,6 +266,7 @@ extern int if_is_pointopoint (struct interface *);
 extern int if_is_multicast (struct interface *);
 extern void if_add_hook (int, int (*)(struct interface *));
 extern void if_init (void);
+extern void if_terminate (void);
 extern void if_dump_all (void);
 extern const char *if_flag_dump(unsigned long);
 
diff --git a/lib/if_rmap.c b/lib/if_rmap.c
index 9ef5ed94..e51f1fe5 100644
--- a/lib/if_rmap.c
+++ b/lib/if_rmap.c
@@ -110,14 +110,9 @@ if_rmap_get (const char *ifname)
 static unsigned int
 if_rmap_hash_make (void *data)
 {
-  struct if_rmap *if_rmap = data;
-  unsigned int i, key;
+  const struct if_rmap *if_rmap = data;
 
-  key = 0;
-  for (i = 0; i < strlen (if_rmap->ifname); i++)
-    key += if_rmap->ifname[i];
-
-  return key;
+  return string_hash_make (if_rmap->ifname);
 }
 
 static int
diff --git a/lib/keystroke.h b/lib/keystroke.h
index 2b1d4d93..76fba15e 100644
--- a/lib/keystroke.h
+++ b/lib/keystroke.h
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ enum keystroke_flags
   kf_type_mask  = 0x0F, /* extraction of type                   */
 } ;
 
-CONFIRM(ks_type_reserved == kf_type_mask) ;
+CONFIRM(ks_type_reserved == (enum keystroke_type)kf_type_mask) ;
 
 typedef struct keystroke*        keystroke ;
 typedef struct keystroke_stream* keystroke_stream ;
diff --git a/lib/log.c b/lib/log.c
index 72f967f6..18878094 100644
--- a/lib/log.c
+++ b/lib/log.c
@@ -822,6 +822,9 @@ closezlog (struct zlog *zl)
   if (zl->fp != NULL)
     fclose (zl->fp);
 
+  if (zl->filename != NULL)
+    free (zl->filename);
+
   XFREE (MTYPE_ZLOG, zl);
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/memory.c b/lib/memory.c
index c13404d2..49b20c14 100644
--- a/lib/memory.c
+++ b/lib/memory.c
@@ -112,6 +112,12 @@ zerror (const char *fname, int type, size_t size)
 
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Memory allocation.
+ *
+ * Allocate memory of a given size, to be tracked by a given type.
+ *
+ * Returns: pointer to usable memory.
+ *
+ * NB: If memory cannot be allocated, aborts execution.
  */
 void *
 zmalloc (enum MTYPE mtype, size_t size  MEMORY_TRACKER_NAME)
@@ -141,6 +147,8 @@ zmalloc (enum MTYPE mtype, size_t size  MEMORY_TRACKER_NAME)
 
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Memory allocation zeroising the allocated area.
+ *
+ * As zmalloc, plus zeroises the allocated memory.
  */
 void *
 zcalloc (enum MTYPE mtype, size_t size  MEMORY_TRACKER_NAME)
@@ -170,6 +178,16 @@ zcalloc (enum MTYPE mtype, size_t size  MEMORY_TRACKER_NAME)
 
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Memory reallocation.
+ *
+ * Given a pointer returned by zmalloc()/zcalloc()/zrealloc(), extend or
+ * contract the allocation to the given size -- retaining current type.
+ * The type given MUST be the original type.
+ *
+ * Given a NULL, allocate memory as zmalloc().
+ *
+ * Returns: pointer to usable memory.
+ *
+ * NB: If memory cannot be allocated, aborts execution.
  */
 void *
 zrealloc (enum MTYPE mtype, void *ptr, size_t size  MEMORY_TRACKER_NAME)
@@ -199,6 +217,11 @@ zrealloc (enum MTYPE mtype, void *ptr, size_t size  MEMORY_TRACKER_NAME)
 
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Memory free.
+ *
+ * Free memory allocated by zmalloc()/zcalloc()/zrealloc()/zstrdup().
+ * The type given MUST be the original type.
+ *
+ * Does nothing if the given pointer is NULL.
  */
 void
 zfree (enum MTYPE mtype, void *ptr)
@@ -222,6 +245,10 @@ zfree (enum MTYPE mtype, void *ptr)
 
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * String duplication.
+ *
+ * Memory is allocated as zmalloc() and must later be freed by zfree().
+ *
+ * NB: If memory cannot be allocated, aborts execution.
  */
 char *
 zstrdup (enum MTYPE mtype, const char *str  MEMORY_TRACKER_NAME)
diff --git a/lib/prefix.c b/lib/prefix.c
index f13050e5..867c86a3 100644
--- a/lib/prefix.c
+++ b/lib/prefix.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ static const u_char maskbit[] = { 0x00, 0x80, 0xc0, 0xe0, 0xf0,
 
 /* Address Famiy Identifier to Address Family converter. */
 int
-afi2family (int afi)
+afi2family (afi_t afi)
 {
   if (afi == AFI_IP)
     return AF_INET;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ afi2family (int afi)
   return 0;
 }
 
-int
+afi_t
 family2afi (int family)
 {
   if (family == AF_INET)
@@ -70,15 +70,16 @@ prefix_match (const struct prefix *n, const struct prefix *p)
 {
   int offset;
   int shift;
-
-  /* Set both prefix's head pointer. */
-  const u_char *np = (const u_char *)&n->u.prefix;
-  const u_char *pp = (const u_char *)&p->u.prefix;
+  const u_char *np, *pp;
 
   /* If n's prefix is longer than p's one return 0. */
   if (n->prefixlen > p->prefixlen)
     return 0;
 
+  /* Set both prefix's head pointer. */
+  np = (const u_char *)&n->u.prefix;
+  pp = (const u_char *)&p->u.prefix;
+  
   offset = n->prefixlen / PNBBY;
   shift =  n->prefixlen % PNBBY;
 
diff --git a/lib/prefix.h b/lib/prefix.h
index 74f32e94..d4d6adb2 100644
--- a/lib/prefix.h
+++ b/lib/prefix.h
@@ -150,8 +150,8 @@ prefix6_bit (const struct in6_addr *prefix, const u_char prefixlen)
 }
 
 /* Prototypes. */
-extern int afi2family (int);
-extern int family2afi (int);
+extern int afi2family (afi_t);
+extern afi_t family2afi (int);
 
 extern struct prefix *prefix_new (void);
 extern void prefix_free (struct prefix *);
diff --git a/lib/qtime.c b/lib/qtime.c
index 3ec34a72..42b903da 100644
--- a/lib/qtime.c
+++ b/lib/qtime.c
@@ -192,3 +192,14 @@ qt_craft_monotonic(void) {
     return (monotonic * times_scale_q) +
                                 ((monotonic * times_scale_r) / times_clk_tcks) ;
 } ;
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Get crafted monotonic time -- in seconds
+ */
+extern time_t
+qt_craft_mono_secs(void)
+{
+  qt_craft_monotonic() ;        /* update the monotonic counter */
+
+  return monotonic / times_clk_tcks ;
+} ;
diff --git a/lib/qtime.h b/lib/qtime.h
index 35e1a51b..df486dfd 100644
--- a/lib/qtime.h
+++ b/lib/qtime.h
@@ -108,6 +108,9 @@ qt_get_monotonic(void) ;        /* clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, ...)  */
                                 /* OR equivalent using times()          */
 Inline qtime_mono_t
 qt_add_monotonic(qtime_t interval) ;  /* qt_get_monotonic() + interval  */
+Inline time_t qt_get_mono_secs(void) ;
+                                /* clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, ...)  */
+                                /* OR equivalent using times()          */
 
 Inline qtime_mono_t             /* monotonic time from CLOCK_REALTIME   */
 qt_realtime2monotonic(qtime_real_t realtime) ;
@@ -115,8 +118,8 @@ Inline qtime_real_t             /* CLOCK_REALTIME from monotonic time   */
 qt_monotonic2realtime(qtime_mono_t monotonic) ;
 
 /* Function to manufacture a monotonic clock.   */
-extern qtime_mono_t
-qt_craft_monotonic(void) ;
+extern qtime_mono_t qt_craft_monotonic(void) ;
+extern time_t qt_craft_mono_secs(void) ;
 
 /* These are provided just in case gettimeofday() != CLOCK_REALTIME     */
 Inline qtime_tod_t
@@ -254,6 +257,29 @@ qt_add_monotonic(qtime_t interval)
   return qt_get_monotonic() + interval;
 } ;
 
+/* clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, ...) OR qt_craft_monotonic()
+ *                                                    -- returning time_t value
+ *
+ * Value returned is in seconds -- for coarser grain timings.
+ *
+ * While possibility of error is essentially theoretical, must treat it as a
+ * FATAL error -- cannot continue with broken time value !
+ */
+Inline time_t
+qt_get_mono_secs(void)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+  struct timespec ts ;
+
+  if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts) != 0)
+    zabort_errno("clock_gettime failed") ;
+
+  return ts.tv_sec ;
+#else
+  return qt_craft_mono_secs() ;
+#endif
+} ;
+
 /* gettimeofday(&tv, NULL) -- returning qtime_t value
  */
 Inline qtime_tod_t
diff --git a/lib/table.c b/lib/table.c
index 04df3af5..e40e6707 100644
--- a/lib/table.c
+++ b/lib/table.c
@@ -209,6 +209,10 @@ route_node_match (const struct route_table *table, const struct prefix *p)
     {
       if (node->info)
 	matched = node;
+      
+      if (node->p.prefixlen == p->prefixlen)
+        break;
+      
       node = node->link[prefix_bit(&p->u.prefix, node->p.prefixlen)];
     }
 
@@ -260,8 +264,8 @@ route_node_lookup (struct route_table *table, struct prefix *p)
   while (node && node->p.prefixlen <= p->prefixlen && 
 	 prefix_match (&node->p, p))
     {
-      if (node->p.prefixlen == p->prefixlen && node->info)
-	return route_lock_node (node);
+      if (node->p.prefixlen == p->prefixlen)
+        return node->info ? route_lock_node (node) : NULL;
 
       node = node->link[prefix_bit(&p->u.prefix, node->p.prefixlen)];
     }
@@ -283,10 +287,8 @@ route_node_get (struct route_table *table, struct prefix *p)
 	 prefix_match (&node->p, p))
     {
       if (node->p.prefixlen == p->prefixlen)
-	{
-	  route_lock_node (node);
-	  return node;
-	}
+        return route_lock_node (node);
+      
       match = node;
       node = node->link[prefix_bit(&p->u.prefix, node->p.prefixlen)];
     }
diff --git a/lib/thread.c b/lib/thread.c
index 7a9a3a60..078a09d6 100644
--- a/lib/thread.c
+++ b/lib/thread.c
@@ -228,6 +228,9 @@ recent_relative_time (void)
   return relative_time;
 }
 
+/* Uses the address of the function (or at least ls part of same) as the hash
+ * key.  (The function name is for display, only.)
+ */
 static unsigned int
 cpu_record_hash_key (struct cpu_thread_history *a)
 {
@@ -288,15 +291,14 @@ static void
 cpu_record_hash_free (void *a)
 {
   struct cpu_thread_history *hist = a;
-  void* funcname = miyagi(hist->funcname) ;
 
-  XFREE (MTYPE_THREAD_FUNCNAME, funcname);
+  XFREE (MTYPE_THREAD_FUNCNAME, hist->funcname);
   XFREE (MTYPE_THREAD_STATS, hist);
 }
 
 static inline void
 vty_out_cpu_thread_history(struct vty* vty,
-			   struct cpu_thread_history *a)
+			   const struct cpu_thread_history *a)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_RUSAGE
   vty_out(vty, "%7ld.%03ld %9d %8ld %9ld %8ld %9ld",
@@ -349,7 +351,9 @@ cpu_record_print(struct vty *vty, thread_type filter)
   void *args[3] = {&tmp, vty, &filter};
 
   memset(&tmp, 0, sizeof tmp);
-  tmp.funcname = "TOTAL";
+  tmp.funcname = miyagi("TOTAL");   /* NB: will not free tmp in the usual way,
+                                           in particular, will not attempt
+                                           to free this !!                    */
   tmp.types = filter;
 
 #ifdef HAVE_RUSAGE
@@ -433,6 +437,89 @@ DEFUN_CALL(show_thread_cpu,
   return CMD_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+static void
+cpu_record_hash_clear (struct hash_backet *bucket,
+                     void *args)
+{
+  thread_type *filter = args;
+  struct cpu_thread_history *a = bucket->data;
+
+  a = bucket->data;
+  if ( !(a->types & *filter) )
+       return;
+
+  hash_release (cpu_record, bucket->data);
+}
+
+static void
+cpu_record_clear (thread_type filter)
+{
+  thread_type *tmp = &filter;
+  hash_iterate (cpu_record,
+               (void (*) (struct hash_backet*,void*)) cpu_record_hash_clear,
+               tmp);
+}
+
+DEFUN(clear_thread_cpu,
+      clear_thread_cpu_cmd,
+      "clear thread cpu [FILTER]",
+      "Clear stored data\n"
+      "Thread information\n"
+      "Thread CPU usage\n"
+      "Display filter (rwtexb)\n")
+{
+  int i = 0;
+  thread_type filter = (thread_type) -1U;
+
+  if (argc > 0)
+    {
+      filter = 0;
+      while (argv[0][i] != '\0')
+       {
+         switch ( argv[0][i] )
+           {
+           case 'r':
+           case 'R':
+             filter |= (1 << THREAD_READ);
+             break;
+           case 'w':
+           case 'W':
+             filter |= (1 << THREAD_WRITE);
+             break;
+           case 't':
+           case 'T':
+             filter |= (1 << THREAD_TIMER);
+             break;
+           case 'e':
+           case 'E':
+             filter |= (1 << THREAD_EVENT);
+             break;
+           case 'x':
+           case 'X':
+             filter |= (1 << THREAD_EXECUTE);
+             break;
+           case 'b':
+           case 'B':
+             filter |= (1 << THREAD_BACKGROUND);
+             break;
+           default:
+             break;
+           }
+         ++i;
+       }
+      if (filter == 0)
+       {
+         vty_out(vty, "Invalid filter \"%s\" specified,"
+                  " must contain at least one of 'RWTEXB'%s",
+                 argv[0], VTY_NEWLINE);
+         return CMD_WARNING;
+       }
+    }
+
+  cpu_record_clear (filter);
+  return CMD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
 /* List allocation and head/tail print out. */
 static void
 thread_list_debug (struct thread_list *list)
@@ -630,9 +717,16 @@ thread_get_hist(struct thread* thread, const char* funcname)
   struct cpu_thread_history* hist ;
 
   tmp.func     = thread->func ;
-  tmp.funcname = funcname ;
-
+  tmp.funcname = miyagi(funcname);  /* NB: will not free tmp in the usual way,
+                                           in particular, will not attempt
+                                           to free this !!                    */
   LOCK
+
+  /* This looks up entry which matches the tmp just set up.
+   *
+   * If does not find one, allocates a new one -- taking a copy of the
+   * funcname.
+   */
   hist = hash_get (cpu_record, &tmp,
                   (void * (*) (void *))cpu_record_hash_alloc);
   UNLOCK
@@ -1121,6 +1215,26 @@ thread_timer_process (struct thread_list *list, struct timeval *timenow)
 }
 
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Move the given list of threads to the back of the THREAD_READY queue.
+ */
+/* process a list en masse, e.g. for event thread lists */
+static unsigned int
+thread_process (struct thread_list *list)
+{
+  struct thread *thread;
+  unsigned int ready = 0;
+
+  for (thread = list->head; thread; thread = thread->next)
+    {
+      thread_list_delete (list, thread);
+      thread->type = THREAD_READY;
+      thread_list_add (&thread->master->ready, thread);
+      ready++;
+    }
+  return ready;
+}
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Fetch next ready thread -- for standard thread handing.
  *
  * (This is not used when using qtimer_pile, or qnexus stuff.)
@@ -1141,32 +1255,45 @@ thread_fetch (struct thread_master *m, struct thread *fetch)
     {
       int num = 0;
 
-      /* Signals are highest priority */
+      /* Signals pre-empt everything */
       quagga_sigevent_process ();
 
-      /* Normal event are the next highest priority.  */
-      if ((thread = thread_trim_head (&m->event)) != NULL)
-        return thread_run (m, thread, fetch);
-
-      /* If there are any ready threads from previous scheduler runs,
-       * process top of them.
+      /* Drain the ready queue of already scheduled jobs, before scheduling
+       * more.
        */
       if ((thread = thread_trim_head (&m->ready)) != NULL)
         return thread_run (m, thread, fetch);
 
+      /* To be fair to all kinds of threads, and avoid starvation, we
+       * need to be careful to consider all thread types for scheduling
+       * in each quanta. I.e. we should not return early from here on.
+       */
+
+      /* Normal event are the next highest priority.  */
+      thread_process (&m->event);
+
       /* Structure copy.  */
       readfd = m->readfd;
       writefd = m->writefd;
       exceptfd = m->exceptfd;
 
       /* Calculate select wait timer if nothing else to do */
-      quagga_get_relative (NULL);
-      timer_wait = thread_timer_wait (&m->timer, &timer_val);
-      timer_wait_bg = thread_timer_wait (&m->background, &timer_val_bg);
+      if (m->ready.count == 0)
+        {
+          quagga_get_relative (NULL);
+          timer_wait = thread_timer_wait (&m->timer, &timer_val);
+          timer_wait_bg = thread_timer_wait (&m->background, &timer_val_bg);
 
-      if (timer_wait_bg &&
-	  (!timer_wait || (timeval_cmp (*timer_wait, *timer_wait_bg) > 0)))
-	timer_wait = timer_wait_bg;
+          if (timer_wait_bg &&
+              (!timer_wait || (timeval_cmp (*timer_wait, *timer_wait_bg) > 0)))
+            timer_wait = timer_wait_bg;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          timer_val.tv_sec   = 0 ;
+          timer_val.tv_usec  = 0 ;
+          timer_wait = &timer_val ;
+        } ;
 
       num = select (FD_SETSIZE, &readfd, &writefd, &exceptfd, timer_wait);
 
diff --git a/lib/thread.h b/lib/thread.h
index fa021486..a38fb19a 100644
--- a/lib/thread.h
+++ b/lib/thread.h
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ struct thread
 struct cpu_thread_history
 {
   int (*func)(struct thread *);
-  const char *funcname;
+  char *funcname;
   unsigned int total_calls;
   struct time_stats
   {
@@ -207,6 +207,7 @@ extern int thread_should_yield (struct thread *);
 /* Internal libzebra exports */
 extern void thread_getrusage (RUSAGE_T *);
 extern struct cmd_element show_thread_cpu_cmd;
+extern struct cmd_element clear_thread_cpu_cmd;
 
 /* replacements for the system gettimeofday(), clock_gettime() and
  * time() functions, providing support for non-decrementing clock on
diff --git a/lib/vector.c b/lib/vector.c
index 646f19a5..83f289fe 100644
--- a/lib/vector.c
+++ b/lib/vector.c
@@ -987,7 +987,8 @@ vector_bsearch(vector v, vector_bsearch_cmp* cmp, const void* p_val,
 
   if (v->end <= 1)
     {
-      *result = (v->end == 0) ? -1 : cmp(&p_val, (const void**)&v->p_items[0]) ;
+      *result = (v->end == 0) ? -1 :
+                               cmp(&p_val, (const void* const*)&v->p_items[0]) ;
       return 0 ;		/* Stop dead if 0 or 1 items */
     } ;
 
@@ -996,12 +997,12 @@ vector_bsearch(vector v, vector_bsearch_cmp* cmp, const void* p_val,
   ih = v->end - 1 ;
 
   /* Pick off the edge cases: >= last and <= first.  */
-  if ((c = cmp(&p_val, (const void**)&v->p_items[ih])) >= 0)
+  if ((c = cmp(&p_val, (const void* const*)&v->p_items[ih])) >= 0)
     {
       *result = c ;	/* 0 => found.  +1 => val > last	*/
       return ih ;	/* return high index.                   */
     } ;
-  if ((c = cmp(&p_val, (const void**)&v->p_items[il])) <= 0)
+  if ((c = cmp(&p_val, (const void* const*)&v->p_items[il])) <= 0)
     {
       *result = c ;	/* 0 => found.  -1 => val < first      */
       return il ;	/* return low index.                   */
@@ -1018,7 +1019,7 @@ vector_bsearch(vector v, vector_bsearch_cmp* cmp, const void* p_val,
 	  return il ;	/* return il: item[il] < val < item[il+1]	*/
 	} ;
       /* We now know that il < iv < ih	*/
-      c = cmp(&p_val, (const void**)&v->p_items[iv]) ;
+      c = cmp(&p_val, (const void* const*)&v->p_items[iv]) ;
       if (c == 0)
 	{
 	  *result = 0 ;
diff --git a/lib/vector.h b/lib/vector.h
index f098d78a..e69e628a 100644
--- a/lib/vector.h
+++ b/lib/vector.h
@@ -167,10 +167,11 @@ Inline p_vector_item vector_pop_item(vector v) ;
 extern void vector_insert(vector v, vector_index i, unsigned int n) ;
 extern void vector_delete(vector v, vector_index i, unsigned int n) ;
 
-typedef int vector_bsearch_cmp(const void** pp_val, const void** item) ;
+typedef int vector_bsearch_cmp(const void* const* pp_val,
+                                                      const void* const* item) ;
 vector_index vector_bsearch(vector v, vector_bsearch_cmp* cmp,
 					      const void* p_val, int* result) ;
-typedef int vector_sort_cmp(const void** a, const void** b) ;
+typedef int vector_sort_cmp(const void* const* a, const void* const* b) ;
 void vector_sort(vector v, vector_sort_cmp* cmp) ;
 
 extern vector vector_copy_here(vector dst, vector src) ;
diff --git a/lib/workqueue.c b/lib/workqueue.c
index 6f2cd531..56959db0 100644
--- a/lib/workqueue.c
+++ b/lib/workqueue.c
@@ -32,7 +32,10 @@
 /* master list of work_queues */
 static struct list work_queues;
 
-#define WORK_QUEUE_MIN_GRANULARITY 1
+enum {
+  WQ_MIN_GRANULARITY   = 1,
+  WQ_HYSTERESIS_FACTOR = 4,
+} ;
 
 static void
 work_queue_item_free (struct work_queue *wq, struct work_queue_item *item)
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ work_queue_new (struct thread_master *m, const char *queue_name)
 
   listnode_add (&work_queues, new);
 
-  new->cycles.granularity = WORK_QUEUE_MIN_GRANULARITY;
+  new->cycles.granularity = WQ_MIN_GRANULARITY;
 
   /* Default values, can be overriden by caller */
   new->spec.hold = WORK_QUEUE_DEFAULT_HOLD;
@@ -335,7 +338,7 @@ work_queue_run (struct thread *thread)
    *
    * Best: starts low, can only increase
    *
-   * Granularity: starts at WORK_QUEUE_MIN_GRANULARITY, can be decreased
+   * Granularity: starts at WQ_MIN_GRANULARITY, can be decreased
    *              if we run to end of time slot, can increase otherwise
    *              by a small factor.
    *
@@ -344,7 +347,7 @@ work_queue_run (struct thread *thread)
    * daemon has been running a long time.
    */
   if (wq->cycles.granularity == 0)
-    wq->cycles.granularity = WORK_QUEUE_MIN_GRANULARITY;
+    wq->cycles.granularity = WQ_MIN_GRANULARITY;
 
   next = wq->head ;
   while (next != NULL)
@@ -420,27 +423,25 @@ work_queue_run (struct thread *thread)
 
 stats:
 
-#define WQ_HYSTERIS_FACTOR 2
-
   /* we yielded, check whether granularity should be reduced */
   if (yielded && (cycles < wq->cycles.granularity))
     {
       wq->cycles.granularity = ((cycles > 0) ? cycles
-                                             : WORK_QUEUE_MIN_GRANULARITY);
+                                             : WQ_MIN_GRANULARITY);
     }
-
-  if (cycles >= (wq->cycles.granularity))
+  /* otherwise, should granularity increase? */
+  else if (cycles >= (wq->cycles.granularity))
     {
       if (cycles > wq->cycles.best)
         wq->cycles.best = cycles;
 
-      /* along with yielded check, provides hysteris for granularity */
-      if (cycles > (wq->cycles.granularity * WQ_HYSTERIS_FACTOR * 2))
-        wq->cycles.granularity *= WQ_HYSTERIS_FACTOR; /* quick ramp-up */
-      else if (cycles > (wq->cycles.granularity * WQ_HYSTERIS_FACTOR))
-        wq->cycles.granularity += WQ_HYSTERIS_FACTOR;
+      /* along with yielded check, provides hysteresis for granularity */
+      if (cycles > (wq->cycles.granularity * WQ_HYSTERESIS_FACTOR
+                                           * WQ_HYSTERESIS_FACTOR))
+        wq->cycles.granularity *= WQ_HYSTERESIS_FACTOR; /* quick ramp-up */
+      else if (cycles > (wq->cycles.granularity * WQ_HYSTERESIS_FACTOR))
+        wq->cycles.granularity += WQ_HYSTERESIS_FACTOR;
     }
-#undef WQ_HYSTERIS_FACTOR
 
   wq->runs++;
   wq->cycles.total += cycles;
diff --git a/lib/workqueue.h b/lib/workqueue.h
index 9ff7cdb5..369cd871 100644
--- a/lib/workqueue.h
+++ b/lib/workqueue.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 #endif
 
 /* Hold time for the initial schedule of a queue run, in  millisec */
-#define WORK_QUEUE_DEFAULT_HOLD  50
+enum { WORK_QUEUE_DEFAULT_HOLD  = 50 } ;
 
 /* action value, for use by item processor and item error handlers */
 typedef enum
diff --git a/lib/zclient.c b/lib/zclient.c
index f365a1aa..6803aa4a 100644
--- a/lib/zclient.c
+++ b/lib/zclient.c
@@ -428,12 +428,12 @@ zclient_start (struct zclient *zclient)
   /* Create read thread. */
   zclient_event (ZCLIENT_READ, zclient);
 
-  /* We need interface information. */
-  zebra_message_send (zclient, ZEBRA_INTERFACE_ADD);
-
   /* We need router-id information. */
   zebra_message_send (zclient, ZEBRA_ROUTER_ID_ADD);
 
+  /* We need interface information. */
+  zebra_message_send (zclient, ZEBRA_INTERFACE_ADD);
+
   /* Flush all redistribute request. */
   for (i = 0; i < ZEBRA_ROUTE_MAX; i++)
     if (i != zclient->redist_default && zclient->redist[i])
diff --git a/lib/zclient.h b/lib/zclient.h
index 394407eb..17f4e317 100644
--- a/lib/zclient.h
+++ b/lib/zclient.h
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
  * any later version.
- * 
+ *
  * GNU Zebra is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  * General Public License for more details.
- * 
+ *
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  * along with GNU Zebra; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
  * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 /* For struct interface and struct connected. */
 #include "if.h"
 #include "qpnexus.h"
+#include "prefix.h"
 
 /* For input/output buffer to zebra. */
 #define ZEBRA_MAX_PACKET_SIZ          4096
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ extern struct interface *zebra_interface_state_read (struct stream *s);
 extern struct connected *zebra_interface_address_read (int, struct stream *);
 extern void zebra_interface_if_set_value (struct stream *, struct interface *);
 extern void zebra_router_id_update_read (struct stream *s, struct prefix *rid);
-extern int zapi_ipv4_route (u_char, struct zclient *, struct prefix_ipv4 *, 
+extern int zapi_ipv4_route (u_char, struct zclient *, struct prefix_ipv4 *,
                             struct zapi_ipv4 *);
 
 #ifdef HAVE_IPV6
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ struct zapi_ipv6
   u_int32_t metric;
 };
 
-extern int zapi_ipv6_route (u_char cmd, struct zclient *zclient, 
+extern int zapi_ipv6_route (u_char cmd, struct zclient *zclient,
                      struct prefix_ipv6 *p, struct zapi_ipv6 *api);
 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
 
diff --git a/mkinstalldirs b/mkinstalldirs
deleted file mode 100755
index 86e2b5ed..00000000
--- a/mkinstalldirs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-#! /bin/sh
-# mkinstalldirs --- make directory hierarchy
-# Author: Noah Friedman <friedman@prep.ai.mit.edu>
-# Created: 1993-05-16
-# Public domain
-
-# $Id: mkinstalldirs,v 1.2 2003/02/17 23:54:05 paul Exp $
-
-errstatus=0
-dirmode=""
-
-usage="\
-Usage: mkinstalldirs [-h] [--help] [-m mode] dir ..."
-
-# process command line arguments
-while test $# -gt 0 ; do
-   case "${1}" in
-     -h | --help | --h* )			# -h for help
-	echo "${usage}" 1>&2; exit 0 ;;
-     -m )					# -m PERM arg
-	shift
-	test $# -eq 0 && { echo "${usage}" 1>&2; exit 1; }
-	dirmode="${1}"
-	shift ;;
-     -- ) shift; break ;;			# stop option processing
-     -* ) echo "${usage}" 1>&2; exit 1 ;;	# unknown option
-     * )  break ;;				# first non-opt arg
-   esac
-done
-
-for file
-do
-  if test -d "$file"; then
-    shift
-  else
-    break
-  fi
-done
-
-case $# in
-0) exit 0 ;;
-esac
-
-case $dirmode in
-'')
-  if mkdir -p -- . 2>/dev/null; then
-    echo "mkdir -p -- $*"
-    exec mkdir -p -- "$@"
-  fi ;;
-*)
-  if mkdir -m "$dirmode" -p -- . 2>/dev/null; then
-    echo "mkdir -m $dirmode -p -- $*"
-    exec mkdir -m "$dirmode" -p -- "$@"
-  fi ;;
-esac
-
-for file
-do
-   set fnord `echo ":$file" | sed -ne 's/^:\//#/;s/^://;s/\// /g;s/^#/\//;p'`
-   shift
-
-   pathcomp=
-   for d
-   do
-     pathcomp="$pathcomp$d"
-     case "$pathcomp" in
-       -* ) pathcomp=./$pathcomp ;;
-     esac
-
-     if test ! -d "$pathcomp"; then
-	echo "mkdir $pathcomp"
-
-	mkdir "$pathcomp" || lasterr=$?
-
-	if test ! -d "$pathcomp"; then
-	  errstatus=$lasterr
-	else
-	  if test ! -z "$dirmode"; then
-	     echo "chmod $dirmode $pathcomp"
-
-	     lasterr=""
-	     chmod "$dirmode" "$pathcomp" || lasterr=$?
-
-	     if test ! -z "$lasterr"; then
-	       errstatus=$lasterr
-	     fi
-	  fi
-	fi
-     fi
-
-     pathcomp="$pathcomp/"
-   done
-done
-
-exit $errstatus
-
-# Local Variables:
-# mode: shell-script
-# sh-indentation: 3
-# End:
-# mkinstalldirs ends here
diff --git a/ospf6d/ospf6_area.c b/ospf6d/ospf6_area.c
index 3c999bbc..f4b327e4 100644
--- a/ospf6d/ospf6_area.c
+++ b/ospf6d/ospf6_area.c
@@ -199,14 +199,10 @@ ospf6_area_delete (struct ospf6_area *oa)
   ospf6_lsdb_delete (oa->lsdb);
   ospf6_lsdb_delete (oa->lsdb_self);
 
+  ospf6_spf_table_finish (oa->spf_table);
   ospf6_route_table_delete (oa->spf_table);
   ospf6_route_table_delete (oa->route_table);
 
-#if 0
-  ospf6_spftree_delete (oa->spf_tree);
-  ospf6_route_table_delete (oa->topology_table);
-#endif /*0*/
-
   THREAD_OFF (oa->thread_spf_calculation);
   THREAD_OFF (oa->thread_route_calculation);
 
diff --git a/ospf6d/ospf6_asbr.c b/ospf6d/ospf6_asbr.c
index 1bf98559..b1351bff 100644
--- a/ospf6d/ospf6_asbr.c
+++ b/ospf6d/ospf6_asbr.c
@@ -1219,6 +1219,11 @@ ospf6_asbr_init (void)
   install_element (OSPF6_NODE, &no_ospf6_redistribute_cmd);
 }
 
+void
+ospf6_asbr_terminate (void)
+{
+  route_map_finish ();
+}
 
 DEFUN (debug_ospf6_asbr,
        debug_ospf6_asbr_cmd,
diff --git a/ospf6d/ospf6_asbr.h b/ospf6d/ospf6_asbr.h
index 7166aa3e..d7bad420 100644
--- a/ospf6d/ospf6_asbr.h
+++ b/ospf6d/ospf6_asbr.h
@@ -14,14 +14,19 @@
  * General Public License for more details.
  *
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with GNU Zebra; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the 
- * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, 
- * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  
+ * along with GNU Zebra; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+ * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  */
 
 #ifndef OSPF6_ASBR_H
 #define OSPF6_ASBR_H
 
+#include "ospf6_proto.h"
+#include "ospf6_lsa.h"
+#include "ospf6_route.h"
+#include "ospf6_top.h"
+
 /* Debug option */
 extern unsigned char conf_debug_ospf6_asbr;
 #define OSPF6_DEBUG_ASBR_ON() \
@@ -79,6 +84,7 @@ extern void ospf6_asbr_redistribute_remove (int type, int ifindex,
 extern int ospf6_redistribute_config_write (struct vty *vty);
 
 extern void ospf6_asbr_init (void);
+extern void ospf6_asbr_terminate (void);
 
 extern int config_write_ospf6_debug_asbr (struct vty *vty);
 extern void install_element_ospf6_debug_asbr (void);
diff --git a/ospf6d/ospf6_interface.c b/ospf6d/ospf6_interface.c
index 777bc7c9..cb347451 100644
--- a/ospf6d/ospf6_interface.c
+++ b/ospf6d/ospf6_interface.c
@@ -1394,13 +1394,17 @@ DEFUN (ipv6_ospf6_advertise_prefix_list,
   oi->plist_name = XSTRDUP (MTYPE_PREFIX_LIST_STR, argv[0]);
 
   ospf6_interface_connected_route_update (oi->interface);
-  OSPF6_LINK_LSA_SCHEDULE (oi);
-  if (oi->state == OSPF6_INTERFACE_DR)
+
+  if (oi->area)
     {
-      OSPF6_NETWORK_LSA_SCHEDULE (oi);
-      OSPF6_INTRA_PREFIX_LSA_SCHEDULE_TRANSIT (oi);
+      OSPF6_LINK_LSA_SCHEDULE (oi);
+      if (oi->state == OSPF6_INTERFACE_DR)
+        {
+          OSPF6_NETWORK_LSA_SCHEDULE (oi);
+          OSPF6_INTRA_PREFIX_LSA_SCHEDULE_TRANSIT (oi);
+        }
+      OSPF6_INTRA_PREFIX_LSA_SCHEDULE_STUB (oi->area);
     }
-  OSPF6_INTRA_PREFIX_LSA_SCHEDULE_STUB (oi->area);
 
   return CMD_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -1433,13 +1437,17 @@ DEFUN (no_ipv6_ospf6_advertise_prefix_list,
     }
 
   ospf6_interface_connected_route_update (oi->interface);
-  OSPF6_LINK_LSA_SCHEDULE (oi);
-  if (oi->state == OSPF6_INTERFACE_DR)
+
+  if (oi->area)
     {
-      OSPF6_NETWORK_LSA_SCHEDULE (oi);
-      OSPF6_INTRA_PREFIX_LSA_SCHEDULE_TRANSIT (oi);
+      OSPF6_LINK_LSA_SCHEDULE (oi);
+      if (oi->state == OSPF6_INTERFACE_DR)
+        {
+          OSPF6_NETWORK_LSA_SCHEDULE (oi);
+          OSPF6_INTRA_PREFIX_LSA_SCHEDULE_TRANSIT (oi);
+        }
+      OSPF6_INTRA_PREFIX_LSA_SCHEDULE_STUB (oi->area);
     }
-  OSPF6_INTRA_PREFIX_LSA_SCHEDULE_STUB (oi->area);
 
   return CMD_SUCCESS;
 }
diff --git a/ospf6d/ospf6_intra.c b/ospf6d/ospf6_intra.c
index b30398f0..9d94f408 100644
--- a/ospf6d/ospf6_intra.c
+++ b/ospf6d/ospf6_intra.c
@@ -1177,6 +1177,8 @@ ospf6_intra_prefix_lsa_remove (struct ospf6_lsa *lsa)
             }
           ospf6_route_remove (route, oa->route_table);
         }
+      if (route)
+	ospf6_route_unlock (route);
     }
 
   if (current != end && IS_OSPF6_DEBUG_EXAMIN (INTRA_PREFIX))
diff --git a/ospf6d/ospf6_lsa.c b/ospf6d/ospf6_lsa.c
index c1db3741..588b9462 100644
--- a/ospf6d/ospf6_lsa.c
+++ b/ospf6d/ospf6_lsa.c
@@ -712,6 +712,11 @@ ospf6_lsa_init (void)
   ospf6_install_lsa_handler (&unknown_handler);
 }
 
+void
+ospf6_lsa_terminate (void)
+{
+  vector_free (ospf6_lsa_handler_vector);
+}
 
 static char *
 ospf6_lsa_handler_name (struct ospf6_lsa_handler *h)
diff --git a/ospf6d/ospf6_lsa.h b/ospf6d/ospf6_lsa.h
index fb0f27cd..c1093cab 100644
--- a/ospf6d/ospf6_lsa.h
+++ b/ospf6d/ospf6_lsa.h
@@ -243,6 +243,7 @@ extern void ospf6_install_lsa_handler (struct ospf6_lsa_handler *handler);
 extern struct ospf6_lsa_handler *ospf6_get_lsa_handler (u_int16_t type);
 
 extern void ospf6_lsa_init (void);
+extern void ospf6_lsa_terminate (void);
 extern void ospf6_lsa_cmd_init (void);
 
 extern int config_write_ospf6_debug_lsa (struct vty *vty);
diff --git a/ospf6d/ospf6_main.c b/ospf6d/ospf6_main.c
index a7a96a1f..cd00fa86 100644
--- a/ospf6d/ospf6_main.c
+++ b/ospf6d/ospf6_main.c
@@ -14,13 +14,14 @@
  * General Public License for more details.
  *
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with GNU Zebra; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the 
- * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, 
- * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  
+ * along with GNU Zebra; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+ * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  */
 
 #include <zebra.h>
 #include <lib/version.h>
+#include <lib/zclient.h>
 
 #include "getopt.h"
 #include "thread.h"
@@ -36,6 +37,8 @@
 #include "sigevent.h"
 
 #include "ospf6d.h"
+#include "ospf6_asbr.h"
+#include "ospf6_message.h"
 
 /* Default configuration file name for ospf6d. */
 #define OSPF6_DEFAULT_CONFIG       "ospf6d.conf"
@@ -67,7 +70,7 @@ struct zebra_privs_t ospf6d_privs =
 };
 
 /* ospf6d options, we use GNU getopt library. */
-struct option longopts[] = 
+struct option longopts[] =
 {
   { "daemon",      no_argument,       NULL, 'd'},
   { "config_file", required_argument, NULL, 'f'},
@@ -104,7 +107,7 @@ usage (char *progname, int status)
   if (status != 0)
     fprintf (stderr, "Try `%s --help' for more information.\n", progname);
   else
-    {    
+    {
       printf ("Usage : %s [OPTION...]\n\n\
 Daemon which manages OSPF version 3.\n\n\
 -d, --daemon       Runs in daemon mode\n\
@@ -124,8 +127,37 @@ Report bugs to zebra@zebra.org\n", progname);
   exit (status);
 }
 
+static void
+ospf6_exit (int status)
+{
+  extern struct ospf6 *ospf6;
+  extern struct zclient *zclient;
+
+  if (ospf6)
+    ospf6_delete (ospf6);
+
+  ospf6_message_terminate ();
+  ospf6_asbr_terminate ();
+  ospf6_lsa_terminate ();
+
+  if_terminate ();
+  vty_terminate ();
+  cmd_terminate ();
+
+  if (zclient)
+    zclient_free (zclient);
+
+  if (master)
+    thread_master_free (master);
+
+  if (zlog_default)
+    closezlog (zlog_default);
+
+  exit (status);
+}
+
 /* SIGHUP handler. */
-static void 
+static void
 sighup (void)
 {
   zlog_info ("SIGHUP received");
@@ -136,7 +168,7 @@ static void
 sigint (void)
 {
   zlog_notice ("Terminating on signal SIGINT");
-  exit (0);
+  ospf6_exit (0);
 }
 
 /* SIGTERM handler. */
@@ -144,7 +176,7 @@ static void
 sigterm (void)
 {
   zlog_notice ("Terminating on signal SIGTERM");
-  exit (0);
+  ospf6_exit (0);
 }
 
 /* SIGUSR1 handler. */
@@ -195,14 +227,14 @@ main (int argc, char *argv[], char *envp[])
   progname = ((p = strrchr (argv[0], '/')) ? ++p : argv[0]);
 
   /* Command line argument treatment. */
-  while (1) 
+  while (1)
     {
       opt = getopt_long (argc, argv, "df:i:hp:A:P:u:g:vC", longopts, 0);
-    
+
       if (opt == EOF)
         break;
 
-      switch (opt) 
+      switch (opt)
         {
         case 0:
           break;
@@ -281,7 +313,7 @@ main (int argc, char *argv[], char *envp[])
   /* Start execution only if not in dry-run mode */
   if (dryrun)
     return(0);
-  
+
   if (daemon_mode && daemon (0, 0) < 0)
     {
       zlog_err("OSPF6d daemon failed: %s", strerror(errno));
@@ -308,7 +340,7 @@ main (int argc, char *argv[], char *envp[])
   zlog_warn ("Thread failed");
 
   /* Not reached. */
-  exit (0);
+  ospf6_exit (0);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/ospf6d/ospf6_message.c b/ospf6d/ospf6_message.c
index 790fc0ae..d06eba26 100644
--- a/ospf6d/ospf6_message.c
+++ b/ospf6d/ospf6_message.c
@@ -1168,6 +1168,24 @@ ospf6_iobuf_size (unsigned int size)
   return iobuflen;
 }
 
+void
+ospf6_message_terminate (void)
+{
+  if (recvbuf)
+    {
+      XFREE (MTYPE_OSPF6_MESSAGE, recvbuf);
+      recvbuf = NULL;
+    }
+
+  if (sendbuf)
+    {
+      XFREE (MTYPE_OSPF6_MESSAGE, sendbuf);
+      sendbuf = NULL;
+    }
+
+  iobuflen = 0;
+}
+
 int
 ospf6_receive (struct thread *thread)
 {
diff --git a/ospf6d/ospf6_message.h b/ospf6d/ospf6_message.h
index ebb6308e..c72f0af4 100644
--- a/ospf6d/ospf6_message.h
+++ b/ospf6d/ospf6_message.h
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ extern void ospf6_lsupdate_print (struct ospf6_header *);
 extern void ospf6_lsack_print (struct ospf6_header *);
 
 extern int ospf6_iobuf_size (unsigned int size);
+extern void ospf6_message_terminate (void);
 extern int ospf6_receive (struct thread *thread);
 
 extern int ospf6_hello_send (struct thread *thread);
diff --git a/ospf6d/ospf6_route.c b/ospf6d/ospf6_route.c
index 8c1746c7..b0ecea6c 100644
--- a/ospf6d/ospf6_route.c
+++ b/ospf6d/ospf6_route.c
@@ -690,6 +690,8 @@ ospf6_route_best_next (struct ospf6_route *route)
   struct route_node *rnode;
   struct ospf6_route *next;
 
+  ospf6_route_unlock (route);
+
   rnode = route->rnode;
   route_lock_node (rnode);
   rnode = route_next (rnode);
@@ -701,7 +703,6 @@ ospf6_route_best_next (struct ospf6_route *route)
 
   assert (rnode->info);
   next = (struct ospf6_route *) rnode->info;
-  ospf6_route_unlock (route);
   ospf6_route_lock (next);
   return next;
 }
@@ -1335,13 +1336,14 @@ ospf6_brouter_show (struct vty *vty, struct ospf6_route *route)
 
 DEFUN (debug_ospf6_route,
        debug_ospf6_route_cmd,
-       "debug ospf6 route (table|intra-area|inter-area)",
+       "debug ospf6 route (table|intra-area|inter-area|memory)",
        DEBUG_STR
        OSPF6_STR
        "Debug route table calculation\n"
        "Debug detail\n"
        "Debug intra-area route calculation\n"
        "Debug inter-area route calculation\n"
+       "Debug route memory use\n"
        )
 {
   unsigned char level = 0;
@@ -1352,18 +1354,21 @@ DEFUN (debug_ospf6_route,
     level = OSPF6_DEBUG_ROUTE_INTRA;
   else if (! strncmp (argv[0], "inter", 5))
     level = OSPF6_DEBUG_ROUTE_INTER;
+  else if (! strncmp (argv[0], "memor", 5))
+    level = OSPF6_DEBUG_ROUTE_MEMORY;
   OSPF6_DEBUG_ROUTE_ON (level);
   return CMD_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 DEFUN (no_debug_ospf6_route,
        no_debug_ospf6_route_cmd,
-       "no debug ospf6 route (table|intra-area|inter-area)",
+       "no debug ospf6 route (table|intra-area|inter-area|memory)",
        NO_STR
        DEBUG_STR
        OSPF6_STR
        "Debug route table calculation\n"
-       "Debug intra-area route calculation\n")
+       "Debug intra-area route calculation\n"
+       "Debug route memory use\n")
 {
   unsigned char level = 0;
 
@@ -1373,6 +1378,8 @@ DEFUN (no_debug_ospf6_route,
     level = OSPF6_DEBUG_ROUTE_INTRA;
   else if (! strncmp (argv[0], "inter", 5))
     level = OSPF6_DEBUG_ROUTE_INTER;
+  else if (! strncmp (argv[0], "memor", 5))
+    level = OSPF6_DEBUG_ROUTE_MEMORY;
   OSPF6_DEBUG_ROUTE_OFF (level);
   return CMD_SUCCESS;
 }
diff --git a/ospf6d/ospf6_spf.c b/ospf6d/ospf6_spf.c
index 767f5255..25b86007 100644
--- a/ospf6d/ospf6_spf.c
+++ b/ospf6d/ospf6_spf.c
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * General Public License for more details.
  *
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with GNU Zebra; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the 
- * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, 
- * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  
+ * along with GNU Zebra; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+ * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  */
 
 /* Shortest Path First calculation for OSPFv3 */
@@ -50,7 +50,9 @@ ospf6_vertex_cmp (void *a, void *b)
   struct ospf6_vertex *vb = (struct ospf6_vertex *) b;
 
   /* ascending order */
-  return (va->cost - vb->cost);
+  if (va->cost != vb->cost)
+    return (va->cost - vb->cost);
+  return (va->hops - vb->hops);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -280,8 +282,8 @@ ospf6_spf_install (struct ospf6_vertex *v,
 {
   struct ospf6_route *route;
   int i, j;
-  struct ospf6_vertex *prev, *w;
-  struct listnode *node, *nnode;
+  struct ospf6_vertex *prev; //, *w;
+//struct listnode *node, *nnode;
 
   if (IS_OSPF6_DEBUG_SPF (PROCESS))
     zlog_debug ("SPF install %s hops %d cost %d",
@@ -320,22 +322,8 @@ ospf6_spf_install (struct ospf6_vertex *v,
         }
 
       prev = (struct ospf6_vertex *) route->route_option;
-      if (prev->hops > v->hops)
-        {
-          for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS (prev->child_list, node, nnode, w))
-            {
-              assert (w->parent == prev);
-              w->parent = v;
-              listnode_add_sort (v->child_list, w);
-            }
-          listnode_delete (prev->parent->child_list, prev);
-          listnode_add_sort (v->parent->child_list, v);
-
-          ospf6_vertex_delete (prev);
-          route->route_option = v;
-        }
-      else
-        ospf6_vertex_delete (v);
+      assert (prev->hops <= v->hops);
+      ospf6_vertex_delete (v);
 
       return -1;
     }
@@ -404,18 +392,19 @@ ospf6_spf_calculation (u_int32_t router_id,
   caddr_t lsdesc;
   struct ospf6_lsa *lsa;
 
-  /* initialize */
-  candidate_list = pqueue_create ();
-  candidate_list->cmp = ospf6_vertex_cmp;
-
-  ospf6_spf_table_finish (result_table);
-
   /* Install the calculating router itself as the root of the SPF tree */
   /* construct root vertex */
   lsa = ospf6_lsdb_lookup (htons (OSPF6_LSTYPE_ROUTER), htonl (0),
                            router_id, oa->lsdb);
   if (lsa == NULL)
     return;
+
+  /* initialize */
+  candidate_list = pqueue_create ();
+  candidate_list->cmp = ospf6_vertex_cmp;
+
+  ospf6_spf_table_finish (result_table);
+
   root = ospf6_vertex_create (lsa);
   root->area = oa;
   root->cost = 0;
diff --git a/ospf6d/ospf6_top.c b/ospf6d/ospf6_top.c
index 9305b23f..bc0b477e 100644
--- a/ospf6d/ospf6_top.c
+++ b/ospf6d/ospf6_top.c
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@
 /* global ospf6d variable */
 struct ospf6 *ospf6;
 
+static void ospf6_disable (struct ospf6 *o);
+
 static void
 ospf6_top_lsdb_hook_add (struct ospf6_lsa *lsa)
 {
@@ -143,15 +145,17 @@ ospf6_create (void)
   return o;
 }
 
-#if 0
-static void
+void
 ospf6_delete (struct ospf6 *o)
 {
   struct listnode *node, *nnode;
   struct ospf6_area *oa;
 
+  ospf6_disable (ospf6);
+
   for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS (o->area_list, node, nnode, oa))
     ospf6_area_delete (oa);
+  list_delete (o->area_list);
 
   ospf6_lsdb_delete (o->lsdb);
   ospf6_lsdb_delete (o->lsdb_self);
@@ -164,7 +168,6 @@ ospf6_delete (struct ospf6 *o)
 
   XFREE (MTYPE_OSPF6_TOP, o);
 }
-#endif
 
 static void
 ospf6_enable (struct ospf6 *o)
diff --git a/ospf6d/ospf6_top.h b/ospf6d/ospf6_top.h
index ba485f9e..4b2d2c3e 100644
--- a/ospf6d/ospf6_top.h
+++ b/ospf6d/ospf6_top.h
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ extern struct ospf6 *ospf6;
 
 /* prototypes */
 extern void ospf6_top_init (void);
+extern void ospf6_delete (struct ospf6 *o);
 
 extern void ospf6_maxage_remove (struct ospf6 *o);
 
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_abr.c b/ospfd/ospf_abr.c
index 4ba97844..01da8808 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_abr.c
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_abr.c
@@ -565,8 +565,7 @@ ospf_check_abr_status (struct ospf *ospf)
       if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF_EVENT)
 	zlog_debug ("ospf_check_abr_status(): new router flags: %x",new_flags);
       ospf->flags = new_flags;
-      OSPF_TIMER_ON (ospf->t_router_lsa_update,
-		     ospf_router_lsa_update_timer, OSPF_LSA_UPDATE_DELAY);
+      ospf_router_lsa_update (ospf);
     }
 }
 
@@ -764,7 +763,7 @@ ospf_abr_announce_network_to_area (struct prefix_ipv4 *p, u_int32_t cost,
             zlog_debug ("ospf_abr_announce_network_to_area(): "
                        "refreshing summary");
           set_metric (old, cost);
-          lsa = ospf_summary_lsa_refresh (area->ospf, old);
+          lsa = ospf_lsa_refresh (area->ospf, old);
           
           if (!lsa)
             {
@@ -1152,7 +1151,7 @@ ospf_abr_announce_rtr_to_area (struct prefix_ipv4 *p, u_int32_t cost,
       if (old) 
 	{ 
 	  set_metric (old, cost);
-	  lsa = ospf_summary_asbr_lsa_refresh (area->ospf, old);
+	  lsa = ospf_lsa_refresh (area->ospf, old);
 	}
       else
 	lsa = ospf_summary_asbr_lsa_originate (p, cost, area);
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_apiserver.c b/ospfd/ospf_apiserver.c
index 15fd2e5f..026ae39a 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_apiserver.c
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_apiserver.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 Ralph Keller
  *
  * This file is part of GNU Zebra.
- * 
+ *
  * GNU Zebra is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
  * by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ ospf_apiserver_init (void)
   /* Register opaque-independent call back functions. These functions
      are invoked on ISM, NSM changes and LSA update and LSA deletes */
   rc =
-    ospf_register_opaque_functab (0 /* all LSAs */, 
+    ospf_register_opaque_functab (0 /* all LSAs */,
 				  0 /* all opaque types */,
 				  ospf_apiserver_new_if,
 				  ospf_apiserver_del_if,
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ ospf_apiserver_term (void)
   struct ospf_apiserver *apiserv;
 
   /* Unregister wildcard [0/0] type */
-  ospf_delete_opaque_functab (0 /* all LSAs */, 
+  ospf_delete_opaque_functab (0 /* all LSAs */,
 			      0 /* all opaque types */);
 
   /*
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ ospf_apiserver_event (enum event event, int fd,
 }
 
 /* Free instance. First unregister all opaque types used by
-   application, flush opaque LSAs injected by application 
+   application, flush opaque LSAs injected by application
    from network and close connection. */
 void
 ospf_apiserver_free (struct ospf_apiserver *apiserv)
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ ospf_apiserver_free (struct ospf_apiserver *apiserv)
       thread_cancel (apiserv->t_async_write);
     }
 
-  /* Unregister all opaque types that application registered 
+  /* Unregister all opaque types that application registered
      and flush opaque LSAs if still in LSDB. */
 
   while ((node = listhead (apiserv->opaque_types)) != NULL)
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ ospf_apiserver_sync_write (struct thread *thread)
       ospf_apiserver_event (OSPF_APISERVER_SYNC_WRITE, apiserv->fd_sync,
                             apiserv);
     }
-  
+
  out:
 
   if (rc < 0)
@@ -906,7 +906,7 @@ ospf_apiserver_register_opaque_type (struct ospf_apiserver *apiserv,
 		 lsa_type);
       return OSPF_API_ILLEGALLSATYPE;
     }
-  
+
 
   /* Register opaque function table */
   /* NB: Duplicated registration will be detected inside the function. */
@@ -946,8 +946,8 @@ ospf_apiserver_register_opaque_type (struct ospf_apiserver *apiserv,
 
   if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF_EVENT)
     zlog_debug ("API: Add LSA-type(%d)/Opaque-type(%d) into"
-               " apiserv(%p), total#(%d)", 
-               lsa_type, opaque_type, apiserv, 
+               " apiserv(%p), total#(%d)",
+               lsa_type, opaque_type, apiserv,
                listcount (apiserv->opaque_types));
 
   return 0;
@@ -978,8 +978,8 @@ ospf_apiserver_unregister_opaque_type (struct ospf_apiserver *apiserv,
 
           if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF_EVENT)
             zlog_debug ("API: Del LSA-type(%d)/Opaque-type(%d)"
-                       " from apiserv(%p), total#(%d)", 
-                       lsa_type, opaque_type, apiserv, 
+                       " from apiserv(%p), total#(%d)",
+                       lsa_type, opaque_type, apiserv,
                        listcount (apiserv->opaque_types));
 
 	  return 0;
@@ -1114,13 +1114,13 @@ ospf_apiserver_notify_ready_type10 (struct ospf_apiserver *apiserv)
   struct listnode *node2, *nnode2;
   struct ospf *ospf;
   struct ospf_area *area;
-  
+
   ospf = ospf_lookup ();
 
   for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS (ospf->areas, node, nnode, area))
     {
       struct registered_opaque_type *r;
-      
+
       if (!ospf_apiserver_is_ready_type10 (area))
 	{
 	  continue;
@@ -1131,7 +1131,7 @@ ospf_apiserver_notify_ready_type10 (struct ospf_apiserver *apiserv)
       for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS (apiserv->opaque_types, node2, nnode2, r))
 	{
 	  struct msg *msg;
-	  
+
 	  if (r->lsa_type == OSPF_OPAQUE_AREA_LSA)
 	    {
 	      /* Yes, this opaque type is ready */
@@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ ospf_apiserver_notify_ready_type11 (struct ospf_apiserver *apiserv)
     {
       struct msg *msg;
       struct in_addr noarea_id = { .s_addr = 0L };
-      
+
       if (r->lsa_type == OSPF_OPAQUE_AS_LSA)
 	{
 	  /* Yes, this opaque type is ready */
@@ -1301,7 +1301,7 @@ apiserver_sync_callback (struct ospf_lsa *lsa, void *p_arg, int int_arg)
 
       /* Default interface for non Opaque9 LSAs */
       struct in_addr ifaddr = { .s_addr = 0L };
-      
+
       if (lsa->area)
 	{
 	  area_id = lsa->area->area_id;
@@ -1497,7 +1497,7 @@ ospf_apiserver_opaque_lsa_new (struct ospf_area *area,
     }
 
   /* Set opaque-LSA header fields. */
-  lsa_header_set (s, options, protolsa->type, protolsa->id, 
+  lsa_header_set (s, options, protolsa->type, protolsa->id,
                   ospf->router_id);
 
   /* Set opaque-LSA body fields. */
@@ -1596,7 +1596,7 @@ ospf_apiserver_handle_originate_request (struct ospf_apiserver *apiserv,
   int lsa_type, opaque_type;
   int ready = 0;
   int rc = 0;
-  
+
   ospf = ospf_lookup();
 
   /* Extract opaque LSA data from message */
@@ -1713,12 +1713,12 @@ out:
 
 
 /* -----------------------------------------------------------
- * Flood an LSA within its flooding scope. 
+ * Flood an LSA within its flooding scope.
  * -----------------------------------------------------------
  */
 
 /* XXX We can probably use ospf_flood_through instead of this function
-   but then we need the neighbor parameter. If we set nbr to 
+   but then we need the neighbor parameter. If we set nbr to
    NULL then ospf_flood_through crashes due to dereferencing NULL. */
 
 void
@@ -1831,7 +1831,11 @@ ospf_apiserver_lsa11_originator (void *arg)
 
 /* Periodically refresh opaque LSAs so that they do not expire in
    other routers. */
-void
+#if 0
+static void
+#else
+extern struct ospf_lsa *
+#endif
 ospf_apiserver_lsa_refresher (struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
 {
   struct ospf_apiserver *apiserv;
@@ -1904,7 +1908,7 @@ ospf_apiserver_lsa_refresher (struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
     }
 
 out:
-  return;
+  return NULL;
 }
 
 
@@ -2041,7 +2045,7 @@ ospf_apiserver_flush_opaque_lsa (struct ospf_apiserver *apiserv,
   struct listnode *node, *nnode;
   struct ospf * ospf;
   struct ospf_area *area;
-  
+
   ospf = ospf_lookup();
   assert(ospf);
 
@@ -2077,7 +2081,7 @@ ospf_apiserver_flush_opaque_lsa (struct ospf_apiserver *apiserv,
 
 
 /* -----------------------------------------------------------
- * Followings are callback functions to handle opaque types 
+ * Followings are callback functions to handle opaque types
  * -----------------------------------------------------------
  */
 
@@ -2108,10 +2112,10 @@ ospf_apiserver_new_if (struct interface *ifp)
   }
 
   oi = ospf_apiserver_if_lookup_by_ifp (ifp);
-  
+
   if (!oi) {
     /* This interface is known to Zebra but not to OSPF daemon yet. */
-    zlog_warn ("ospf_apiserver_new_if: interface %s not known to OSPFd?", 
+    zlog_warn ("ospf_apiserver_new_if: interface %s not known to OSPFd?",
 	       ifp->name);
     return 0;
   }
@@ -2359,9 +2363,9 @@ ospf_apiserver_clients_notify_ready_type11 (struct ospf *top)
   struct msg *msg;
   struct in_addr id_null = { .s_addr = 0L };
   struct ospf_apiserver *apiserv;
-  
+
   assert (top);
-  
+
   if (!ospf_apiserver_is_ready_type11 (top))
     {
       zlog_warn ("AS not ready for type 11?");
@@ -2432,10 +2436,10 @@ ospf_apiserver_clients_notify_ism_change (struct ospf_interface *oi)
   struct msg *msg;
   struct in_addr ifaddr = { .s_addr = 0L };
   struct in_addr area_id = { .s_addr = 0L };
-  
+
   assert (oi);
   assert (oi->ifp);
-  
+
   if (oi->address)
     {
       ifaddr = oi->address->u.prefix4;
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_apiserver.h b/ospfd/ospf_apiserver.h
index 9a8ae254..f1412270 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_apiserver.h
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_apiserver.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 Ralph Keller
  *
  * This file is part of GNU Zebra.
- * 
+ *
  * GNU Zebra is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
  * by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ extern void ospf_apiserver_flood_opaque_lsa (struct ospf_lsa *lsa);
 
 
 /* -----------------------------------------------------------
- * Followings are callback functions to handle opaque types 
+ * Followings are callback functions to handle opaque types
  * -----------------------------------------------------------
  */
 
@@ -180,7 +180,11 @@ extern void ospf_apiserver_config_write_router (struct vty *vty);
 extern void ospf_apiserver_config_write_if (struct vty *vty, struct interface *ifp);
 extern void ospf_apiserver_show_info (struct vty *vty, struct ospf_lsa *lsa);
 extern int ospf_ospf_apiserver_lsa_originator (void *arg);
+#if 0
 extern void ospf_apiserver_lsa_refresher (struct ospf_lsa *lsa);
+#else
+extern struct ospf_lsa * ospf_apiserver_lsa_refresher (struct ospf_lsa *lsa);
+#endif
 extern void ospf_apiserver_flush_opaque_lsa (struct ospf_apiserver *apiserv,
 				      u_char lsa_type, u_char opaque_type);
 
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_asbr.c b/ospfd/ospf_asbr.c
index 6f1b0b06..c39efee1 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_asbr.c
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_asbr.c
@@ -264,8 +264,7 @@ ospf_asbr_status_update (struct ospf *ospf, u_char status)
 
   /* Transition from/to status ASBR, schedule timer. */
   ospf_spf_calculate_schedule (ospf);
-  OSPF_TIMER_ON (ospf->t_router_lsa_update,
-		 ospf_router_lsa_update_timer, OSPF_LSA_UPDATE_DELAY);
+  ospf_router_lsa_update (ospf);
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_ase.c b/ospfd/ospf_ase.c
index 59e02bca..5bac3448 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_ase.c
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_ase.c
@@ -716,7 +716,6 @@ ospf_ase_register_external_lsa (struct ospf_lsa *lsa, struct ospf *top)
 
   /* We assume that if LSA is deleted from DB
      is is also deleted from this RT */
-
   listnode_add (lst, ospf_lsa_lock (lsa)); /* external_lsas lst */
 }
 
@@ -797,7 +796,8 @@ ospf_ase_incremental_update (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
     }
 
   rn = route_node_lookup (ospf->external_lsas, (struct prefix *) &p);
-  assert (rn && rn->info);
+  assert (rn); 
+  assert (rn->info);
   lsas = rn->info;
   route_unlock_node (rn);
 
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_flood.c b/ospfd/ospf_flood.c
index 41661da2..77f2e161 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_flood.c
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_flood.c
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ ospf_process_self_originated_lsa (struct ospf *ospf,
       /* Originate a new instance and schedule flooding */
       if (area->router_lsa_self)
 	area->router_lsa_self->data->ls_seqnum = new->data->ls_seqnum;
-      ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (area);
+      ospf_router_lsa_update_area (area);
       return;
     case OSPF_NETWORK_LSA:
 #ifdef HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ ospf_process_self_originated_lsa (struct ospf *ospf,
             if (oi->network_lsa_self)
 	      oi->network_lsa_self->data->ls_seqnum = new->data->ls_seqnum;
             /* Schedule network-LSA origination. */
-            ospf_network_lsa_timer_add (oi);
+            ospf_network_lsa_update (oi);
             return;
           }
       break;
@@ -991,3 +991,33 @@ ospf_lsa_flush_as (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
   ospf_flood_through_as (ospf, NULL, lsa);
   ospf_lsa_maxage (ospf, lsa);
 }
+
+void
+ospf_lsa_flush (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
+{
+  lsa->data->ls_age = htons (OSPF_LSA_MAXAGE);
+  
+  switch (lsa->data->type)
+    {
+      case OSPF_ROUTER_LSA:
+      case OSPF_NETWORK_LSA:
+      case OSPF_SUMMARY_LSA:
+      case OSPF_ASBR_SUMMARY_LSA:
+      case OSPF_AS_NSSA_LSA:
+#ifdef HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA
+      case OSPF_OPAQUE_LINK_LSA:
+      case OSPF_OPAQUE_AREA_LSA:
+#endif /* HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA */
+        ospf_lsa_flush_area (lsa, lsa->area);
+        break;
+      case OSPF_AS_EXTERNAL_LSA:
+#ifdef HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA
+      case OSPF_OPAQUE_AS_LSA:
+#endif /* HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA */
+        ospf_lsa_flush_as (ospf, lsa);
+        break;
+      default:
+        zlog_info ("%s: Unknown LSA type %u", __func__, lsa->data->type);
+        break;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_flood.h b/ospfd/ospf_flood.h
index 5382e8fe..1ab11b88 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_flood.h
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_flood.h
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ extern void ospf_flood_lsa_area (struct ospf_lsa *, struct ospf_area *);
 extern void ospf_flood_lsa_as (struct ospf_lsa *);
 extern void ospf_lsa_flush_area (struct ospf_lsa *, struct ospf_area *);
 extern void ospf_lsa_flush_as (struct ospf *, struct ospf_lsa *);
+extern void ospf_lsa_flush (struct ospf *, struct ospf_lsa *);
 extern struct external_info *ospf_external_info_check (struct ospf_lsa *);
 
 extern void ospf_lsdb_init (struct ospf_lsdb *);
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_interface.c b/ospfd/ospf_interface.c
index afe3acf1..dc0787d5 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_interface.c
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_interface.c
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ ospf_if_recalculate_output_cost (struct interface *ifp)
       if (oi->output_cost != newcost)
 	{
 	  oi->output_cost = newcost;
-	  ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (oi->area);
+	  ospf_router_lsa_update_area (oi->area);
 	}
     }
 }
@@ -219,9 +219,6 @@ ospf_if_new (struct ospf *ospf, struct interface *ifp, struct prefix *p)
   ospf_add_to_if (ifp, oi);
   listnode_add (ospf->oiflist, oi);
   
-  /* Clear self-originated network-LSA. */
-  oi->network_lsa_self = NULL;
-
   /* Initialize neighbor list. */
   oi->nbrs = route_table_init ();
 
@@ -301,10 +298,6 @@ ospf_if_cleanup (struct ospf_interface *oi)
   ospf_nbr_delete (oi->nbr_self);
   oi->nbr_self = ospf_nbr_new (oi);
   ospf_nbr_add_self (oi);
-  
-  ospf_lsa_unlock (&oi->network_lsa_self);
-  oi->network_lsa_self = NULL;
-  OSPF_TIMER_OFF (oi->t_network_lsa_self);
 }
 
 void
@@ -335,6 +328,8 @@ ospf_if_free (struct ospf_interface *oi)
   listnode_delete (oi->ospf->oiflist, oi);
   listnode_delete (oi->area->oiflist, oi);
 
+  thread_cancel_event (master, oi);
+
   memset (oi, 0, sizeof (*oi));
   XFREE (MTYPE_OSPF_IF, oi);
 }
@@ -534,6 +529,8 @@ ospf_new_if_params (void)
 
   oip->auth_crypt = list_new ();
   
+  oip->network_lsa_seqnum = htonl(OSPF_INITIAL_SEQUENCE_NUMBER);
+
   return oip;
 }
 
@@ -572,7 +569,8 @@ ospf_free_if_params (struct interface *ifp, struct in_addr addr)
       !OSPF_IF_PARAM_CONFIGURED (oip, type) &&
       !OSPF_IF_PARAM_CONFIGURED (oip, auth_simple) &&
       !OSPF_IF_PARAM_CONFIGURED (oip, auth_type) &&
-      listcount (oip->auth_crypt) == 0)
+      listcount (oip->auth_crypt) == 0 &&
+      ntohl (oip->network_lsa_seqnum) != OSPF_INITIAL_SEQUENCE_NUMBER)
     {
       ospf_del_if_params (oip);
       rn->info = NULL;
@@ -1121,8 +1119,8 @@ ospf_vl_up_check (struct ospf_area *area, struct in_addr rid,
              if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF (ism, ISM_EVENTS))
                zlog_debug ("ospf_vl_up_check: VL cost change,"
                           " scheduling router lsa refresh");
-             if(ospf->backbone)
-               ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (ospf->backbone);
+             if (ospf->backbone)
+               ospf_router_lsa_update_area (ospf->backbone);
              else if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF (ism, ISM_EVENTS))
                zlog_debug ("ospf_vl_up_check: VL cost change, no backbone!");
            }
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_interface.h b/ospfd/ospf_interface.h
index ab0b7580..6db88773 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_interface.h
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_interface.h
@@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ struct ospf_if_params
   
   DECLARE_IF_PARAM (struct list *, auth_crypt);    /* List of Auth cryptographic data. */
   DECLARE_IF_PARAM (int, auth_type);               /* OSPF authentication type */
+  
+  /* Other, non-configuration state */
+  u_int32_t network_lsa_seqnum;		/* Network LSA seqnum */
 };
 
 enum
@@ -167,6 +170,7 @@ struct ospf_interface
 
   /* Configured varables. */
   struct ospf_if_params *params;
+  
   u_int32_t crypt_seqnum;		/* Cryptographic Sequence Number */ 
   u_int32_t output_cost;	        /* Acutual Interface Output Cost */
 
@@ -206,8 +210,6 @@ struct ospf_interface
   struct thread *t_ls_ack;              /* timer */
   struct thread *t_ls_ack_direct;       /* event */
   struct thread *t_ls_upd_event;        /* event */
-  struct thread *t_network_lsa_self;    /* self-originated network-LSA
-                                           reflesh thread. timer */
 #ifdef HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA
   struct thread *t_opaque_lsa_self;     /* Type-9 Opaque-LSAs */
 #endif /* HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA */
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_ism.c b/ospfd/ospf_ism.c
index 18402836..db53882d 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_ism.c
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_ism.c
@@ -221,8 +221,8 @@ ospf_dr_election (struct ospf_interface *oi)
 
   new_state = ospf_ism_state (oi);
 
-  zlog_info ("DR-Election[1st]: Backup %s", inet_ntoa (BDR (oi)));
-  zlog_info ("DR-Election[1st]: DR     %s", inet_ntoa (DR (oi)));
+  zlog_debug ("DR-Election[1st]: Backup %s", inet_ntoa (BDR (oi)));
+  zlog_debug ("DR-Election[1st]: DR     %s", inet_ntoa (DR (oi)));
 
   if (new_state != old_state &&
       !(new_state == ISM_DROther && old_state < ISM_DROther))
@@ -232,8 +232,8 @@ ospf_dr_election (struct ospf_interface *oi)
 
       new_state = ospf_ism_state (oi);
 
-      zlog_info ("DR-Election[2nd]: Backup %s", inet_ntoa (BDR (oi)));
-      zlog_info ("DR-Election[2nd]: DR     %s", inet_ntoa (DR (oi)));
+      zlog_debug ("DR-Election[2nd]: Backup %s", inet_ntoa (BDR (oi)));
+      zlog_debug ("DR-Election[2nd]: DR     %s", inet_ntoa (DR (oi)));
     }
 
   list_delete (el_list);
@@ -578,20 +578,17 @@ ism_change_state (struct ospf_interface *oi, int state)
     oi->area->act_ints++;
 
   /* schedule router-LSA originate. */
-  ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (oi->area);
+  ospf_router_lsa_update_area (oi->area);
 
   /* Originate network-LSA. */
   if (old_state != ISM_DR && state == ISM_DR)
-    ospf_network_lsa_timer_add (oi);
+    ospf_network_lsa_update (oi);
   else if (old_state == ISM_DR && state != ISM_DR)
     {
       /* Free self originated network LSA. */
       lsa = oi->network_lsa_self;
       if (lsa)
-	{
-	  ospf_lsa_flush_area (lsa, oi->area);
-	  OSPF_TIMER_OFF (oi->t_network_lsa_self);
-	}
+        ospf_lsa_flush_area (lsa, oi->area);
 
       ospf_lsa_unlock (&oi->network_lsa_self);
       oi->network_lsa_self = NULL;
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_lsa.c b/ospfd/ospf_lsa.c
index e708d5e2..842df49c 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_lsa.c
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_lsa.c
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ lsa_header_set (struct stream *s, u_char options,
 
   lsah = (struct lsa_header *) STREAM_DATA (s);
 
-  lsah->ls_age = htons (0);
+  lsah->ls_age = htons (OSPF_LSA_INITIAL_AGE);
   lsah->options = options;
   lsah->type = type;
   lsah->id = id;
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ ospf_stub_router_timer (struct thread *t)
   
   UNSET_FLAG (area->stub_router_state, OSPF_AREA_IS_STUB_ROUTED);
   
-  ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (area);
+  ospf_router_lsa_update_area (area);
   
   return 0;
 }
@@ -885,6 +885,9 @@ ospf_router_lsa_refresh (struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
   /* Delete LSA from neighbor retransmit-list. */
   ospf_ls_retransmit_delete_nbr_area (area, lsa);
 
+  /* Unregister LSA from refresh-list */
+  ospf_refresher_unregister_lsa (area->ospf, lsa);
+  
   /* Create new router-LSA instance. */
   if ( (new = ospf_router_lsa_new (area)) == NULL)
     {
@@ -910,20 +913,15 @@ ospf_router_lsa_refresh (struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
   return NULL;
 }
 
-static int
-ospf_router_lsa_timer (struct thread *t)
+int
+ospf_router_lsa_update_area (struct ospf_area *area)
 {
-  struct ospf_area *area;
-
   if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF_EVENT)
-    zlog_debug ("Timer[router-LSA]: (router-LSA Refresh expire)");
-
-  area = THREAD_ARG (t);
-  area->t_router_lsa_self = NULL;
+    zlog_debug ("[router-LSA]: (router-LSA area update)");
 
   /* Now refresh router-LSA. */
   if (area->router_lsa_self)
-    ospf_router_lsa_refresh (area->router_lsa_self);
+    ospf_lsa_refresh (area->ospf, area->router_lsa_self);
   /* Newly originate router-LSA. */
   else
     ospf_router_lsa_originate (area);
@@ -931,50 +929,15 @@ ospf_router_lsa_timer (struct thread *t)
   return 0;
 }
 
-void
-ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (struct ospf_area *area)
-{
-  /* Keep area's self-originated router-LSA. */
-  struct ospf_lsa *lsa = area->router_lsa_self;
-
-  /* Cancel previously scheduled router-LSA timer. */
-  if (area->t_router_lsa_self)
-    if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF (lsa, LSA_GENERATE))
-      zlog_debug ("LSA[Type1]: Cancel previous router-LSA timer");
-
-  OSPF_TIMER_OFF (area->t_router_lsa_self);
-
-  /* If router-LSA is originated previously, check the interval time. */
-  if (lsa)
-    {
-      int delay;
-      if ((delay = ospf_lsa_refresh_delay (lsa)) > 0)
-        {
-	  OSPF_AREA_TIMER_ON (area->t_router_lsa_self,
-			      ospf_router_lsa_timer, delay);
-	  return;
-        }
-    }
-
-  if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF (lsa, LSA_GENERATE))
-    zlog_debug ("LSA[Type1]: Scheduling router-LSA origination right away");
-
-  /* Immediately refresh router-LSA. */
-  OSPF_AREA_TIMER_ON (area->t_router_lsa_self, ospf_router_lsa_timer, 0);
-}
-
 int
-ospf_router_lsa_update_timer (struct thread *thread)
+ospf_router_lsa_update (struct ospf *ospf)
 {
-  struct ospf *ospf = THREAD_ARG (thread);
   struct listnode *node, *nnode;
   struct ospf_area *area;
 
   if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF (lsa, LSA_GENERATE))
     zlog_debug ("Timer[router-LSA Update]: (timer expire)");
 
-  ospf->t_router_lsa_update = NULL;
-
   for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS (ospf->areas, node, nnode, area))
     {
       struct ospf_lsa *lsa = area->router_lsa_self;
@@ -999,19 +962,20 @@ ospf_router_lsa_update_timer (struct thread *thread)
 	  if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF (lsa, LSA_GENERATE))
 	    zlog_debug("LSA[Type%d:%s]: Refresh router-LSA for Area %s",
 		      lsa->data->type, inet_ntoa (lsa->data->id), area_str);
+          ospf_refresher_unregister_lsa (ospf, lsa);
 	  ospf_lsa_flush_area (lsa, area);
 	  ospf_lsa_unlock (&area->router_lsa_self);
 	  area->router_lsa_self = NULL;
 
 	  /* Refresh router-LSA, (not install) and flood through area. */
-	  ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (area);
+	  ospf_router_lsa_update_area (area);
 	}
       else
 	{
 	  rl = (struct router_lsa *) lsa->data;
 	  /* Refresh router-LSA, (not install) and flood through area. */
 	  if (rl->flags != ospf->flags)
-	    ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (area);
+	    ospf_router_lsa_update_area (area);
 	}
     }
 
@@ -1048,6 +1012,7 @@ ospf_network_lsa_new (struct ospf_interface *oi)
   struct stream *s;
   struct ospf_lsa *new;
   struct lsa_header *lsah;
+  struct ospf_if_params *oip;
   int length;
 
   /* If there are no neighbours on this network (the net is stub),
@@ -1086,20 +1051,42 @@ ospf_network_lsa_new (struct ospf_interface *oi)
   new->data = ospf_lsa_data_new (length);
   memcpy (new->data, lsah, length);
   stream_free (s);
-
+  
+  /* Remember prior network LSA sequence numbers, even if we stop
+   * originating one for this oi, to try avoid re-originating LSAs with a
+   * prior sequence number, and thus speed up adjency forming & convergence.
+   */
+  if ((oip = ospf_lookup_if_params (oi->ifp, oi->address->u.prefix4)))
+    {
+      new->data->ls_seqnum = oip->network_lsa_seqnum;
+      new->data->ls_seqnum = lsa_seqnum_increment (new);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      oip = ospf_get_if_params (oi->ifp, oi->address->u.prefix4);
+      ospf_if_update_params (oi->ifp, oi->address->u.prefix4);
+    }
+  oip->network_lsa_seqnum = new->data->ls_seqnum;
+  
   return new;
 }
 
 /* Originate network-LSA. */
-static struct ospf_lsa *
-ospf_network_lsa_originate (struct ospf_interface *oi)
+void
+ospf_network_lsa_update (struct ospf_interface *oi)
 {
   struct ospf_lsa *new;
-
+  
+  if (oi->network_lsa_self != NULL)
+    {
+      ospf_lsa_refresh (oi->ospf, oi->network_lsa_self);
+      return;
+    }
+  
   /* Create new network-LSA instance. */
   new = ospf_network_lsa_new (oi);
   if (new == NULL)
-    return NULL;
+    return;
 
   /* Install LSA to LSDB. */
   new = ospf_lsa_install (oi->ospf, oi, new);
@@ -1117,28 +1104,51 @@ ospf_network_lsa_originate (struct ospf_interface *oi)
       ospf_lsa_header_dump (new->data);
     }
 
-  return new;
+  return;
 }
 
-int
-ospf_network_lsa_refresh (struct ospf_lsa *lsa, struct ospf_interface *oi)
+static struct ospf_lsa *
+ospf_network_lsa_refresh (struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
 {
   struct ospf_area *area = lsa->area;
-  struct ospf_lsa *new;
-
+  struct ospf_lsa *new, *new2;
+  struct ospf_if_params *oip;
+  struct ospf_interface *oi;
+  
   assert (lsa->data);
-
+  
+  /* Retrieve the oi for the network LSA */
+  oi = ospf_if_lookup_by_local_addr (area->ospf, NULL, lsa->data->id);
+  if (oi == NULL)
+    {
+      if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF (lsa, LSA_GENERATE))
+        {
+          zlog_debug ("LSA[Type%d:%s]: network-LSA refresh: "
+                      "no oi found, ick, ignoring.",
+		      lsa->data->type, inet_ntoa (lsa->data->id));
+          ospf_lsa_header_dump (lsa->data);
+        }
+      return NULL;
+    }
   /* Delete LSA from neighbor retransmit-list. */
   ospf_ls_retransmit_delete_nbr_area (area, lsa);
 
+  /* Unregister LSA from refresh-list */
+  ospf_refresher_unregister_lsa (area->ospf, lsa);
+  
   /* Create new network-LSA instance. */
   new = ospf_network_lsa_new (oi);
   if (new == NULL)
-    return -1;
-  new->data->ls_seqnum = lsa_seqnum_increment (lsa);
-
-  ospf_lsa_install (area->ospf, oi, new);
+    return NULL;
+  
+  oip = ospf_lookup_if_params (oi->ifp, oi->address->u.prefix4);
+  assert (oip != NULL);
+  oip->network_lsa_seqnum = new->data->ls_seqnum = lsa_seqnum_increment (lsa);
 
+  new2 = ospf_lsa_install (area->ospf, oi, new);
+  
+  assert (new2 == new);
+  
   /* Flood LSA through aera. */
   ospf_flood_through_area (area, NULL, new);
 
@@ -1149,60 +1159,8 @@ ospf_network_lsa_refresh (struct ospf_lsa *lsa, struct ospf_interface *oi)
       ospf_lsa_header_dump (new->data);
     }
 
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static int
-ospf_network_lsa_refresh_timer (struct thread *t)
-{
-  struct ospf_interface *oi;
-
-  oi = THREAD_ARG (t);
-  oi->t_network_lsa_self = NULL;
-
-  if (oi->network_lsa_self)
-    /* Now refresh network-LSA. */
-    ospf_network_lsa_refresh (oi->network_lsa_self, oi);
-  else
-    /* Newly create network-LSA. */
-    ospf_network_lsa_originate (oi);
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-void
-ospf_network_lsa_timer_add (struct ospf_interface *oi)
-{
-  /* Keep interface's self-originated network-LSA. */
-  struct ospf_lsa *lsa = oi->network_lsa_self;
-
-  /* Cancel previously schedules network-LSA timer. */
-  if (oi->t_network_lsa_self)
-    if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF (lsa, LSA_GENERATE))
-      zlog_debug ("LSA[Type2]: Cancel previous network-LSA timer");
-  OSPF_TIMER_OFF (oi->t_network_lsa_self);
-
-  /* If network-LSA is originated previously, check the interval time. */
-  if (lsa)
-    {
-      int delay;
-      if ((delay = ospf_lsa_refresh_delay (lsa)) > 0)
-        {
-          oi->t_network_lsa_self =
-            thread_add_timer (master, ospf_network_lsa_refresh_timer,
-			      oi, delay);
-          return;
-        }
-    }
-
-  if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF (lsa, LSA_GENERATE))
-    zlog_debug ("Scheduling network-LSA origination right away");
-
-  /* Immediately refresh network-LSA. */
-  oi->t_network_lsa_self =
-    thread_add_event (master, ospf_network_lsa_refresh_timer, oi, 0);
+  return new;
 }
-
 
 static void
 stream_put_ospf_metric (struct stream *s, u_int32_t metric_value)
@@ -1326,7 +1284,7 @@ ospf_summary_lsa_originate (struct prefix_ipv4 *p, u_int32_t metric,
   return new;
 }
 
-struct ospf_lsa*
+static struct ospf_lsa*
 ospf_summary_lsa_refresh (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
 {
   struct ospf_lsa *new;
@@ -1473,7 +1431,7 @@ ospf_summary_asbr_lsa_originate (struct prefix_ipv4 *p, u_int32_t metric,
   return new;
 }
 
-struct ospf_lsa*
+static struct ospf_lsa*
 ospf_summary_asbr_lsa_refresh (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
 {
   struct ospf_lsa *new;
@@ -2299,6 +2257,7 @@ ospf_external_lsa_refresh_default (struct ospf *ospf)
 	{
 	  if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF_EVENT)
 	    zlog_debug ("LSA[Type5:0.0.0.0]: Flush AS-external-LSA");
+          ospf_refresher_unregister_lsa (ospf, lsa);
 	  ospf_lsa_flush_as (ospf, lsa);
 	}
     }
@@ -2327,7 +2286,7 @@ ospf_external_lsa_refresh_type (struct ospf *ospf, u_char type, int force)
 }
 
 /* Refresh AS-external-LSA. */
-void
+struct ospf_lsa *
 ospf_external_lsa_refresh (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa,
 			   struct external_info *ei, int force)
 {
@@ -2343,7 +2302,7 @@ ospf_external_lsa_refresh (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa,
                    lsa->data->type, inet_ntoa (lsa->data->id));
       ospf_external_lsa_flush (ospf, ei->type, &ei->p,
 			       ei->ifindex /*, ei->nexthop */);
-      return;
+      return NULL;
     }
 
   if (!changed && !force)
@@ -2351,7 +2310,7 @@ ospf_external_lsa_refresh (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa,
       if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF (lsa, LSA_GENERATE))
         zlog_debug ("LSA[Type%d:%s]: Not refreshed, not changed/forced",
                    lsa->data->type, inet_ntoa (lsa->data->id));
-      return;
+      return NULL;
     }
 
   /* Delete LSA from neighbor retransmit-list. */
@@ -2367,7 +2326,7 @@ ospf_external_lsa_refresh (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa,
       if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF (lsa, LSA_GENERATE))
 	zlog_debug ("LSA[Type%d:%s]: Could not be refreshed", lsa->data->type,
 		   inet_ntoa (lsa->data->id));
-      return;
+      return NULL;
     }
   
   new->data->ls_seqnum = lsa_seqnum_increment (lsa);
@@ -2396,7 +2355,7 @@ ospf_external_lsa_refresh (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa,
       ospf_lsa_header_dump (new->data);
     }
 
-  return;
+  return new;
 }
 
 
@@ -2404,8 +2363,8 @@ ospf_external_lsa_refresh (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa,
 
 /* Install router-LSA to an area. */
 static struct ospf_lsa *
-ospf_router_lsa_install (struct ospf *ospf,
-			 struct ospf_lsa *new, int rt_recalc)
+ospf_router_lsa_install (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *new,
+                         int rt_recalc)
 {
   struct ospf_area *area = new->area;
 
@@ -2424,15 +2383,11 @@ ospf_router_lsa_install (struct ospf *ospf,
       if (CHECK_FLAG (new->flags, OSPF_LSA_RECEIVED))
 	return new; /* ignore stale LSA */
 
-      /* Set router-LSA refresh timer. */
-      OSPF_TIMER_OFF (area->t_router_lsa_self);
-      OSPF_AREA_TIMER_ON (area->t_router_lsa_self,
-                          ospf_router_lsa_timer, OSPF_LS_REFRESH_TIME);
-
       /* Set self-originated router-LSA. */
       ospf_lsa_unlock (&area->router_lsa_self);
       area->router_lsa_self = ospf_lsa_lock (new);
 
+      ospf_refresher_register_lsa (ospf, new);
     }
   if (rt_recalc)
     ospf_spf_calculate_schedule (ospf);
@@ -2465,15 +2420,9 @@ ospf_network_lsa_install (struct ospf *ospf,
       if (CHECK_FLAG (new->flags, OSPF_LSA_RECEIVED))
 	return new; /* ignore stale LSA */
 
-      /* Set LSRefresh timer. */
-      OSPF_TIMER_OFF (oi->t_network_lsa_self);
-
-      OSPF_INTERFACE_TIMER_ON (oi->t_network_lsa_self,
-			       ospf_network_lsa_refresh_timer,
-			       OSPF_LS_REFRESH_TIME);
-
       ospf_lsa_unlock (&oi->network_lsa_self);
       oi->network_lsa_self = ospf_lsa_lock (new);
+      ospf_refresher_register_lsa (ospf, new);
     }
   if (rt_recalc)
     ospf_spf_calculate_schedule (ospf);
@@ -2721,7 +2670,8 @@ ospf_lsa_install (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_interface *oi,
           if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF (lsa, LSA_REFRESH))
             {
       	      zlog_debug ("ospf_lsa_install() Premature Aging "
-		         "lsa 0x%lx", (u_long)lsa);
+		         "lsa 0x%p, seqnum 0x%x",
+		         lsa, ntohl(lsa->data->ls_seqnum));
       	      ospf_lsa_header_dump (lsa->data);
             }
         }
@@ -2826,7 +2776,7 @@ ospf_lsa_install (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_interface *oi,
                    new->data->type, 
                    inet_ntoa (new->data->id), 
                    lsa);
-      ospf_lsa_maxage (ospf, lsa);
+      ospf_lsa_flush (ospf, lsa);
     }
 
   return new;
@@ -2858,35 +2808,6 @@ ospf_check_nbr_status (struct ospf *ospf)
 }
 
 
-#ifdef ORIGINAL_CODING
-/* This function flood the maxaged LSA to DR. */
-void
-ospf_maxage_flood (struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
-{
-  switch (lsa->data->type)
-    {
-    case OSPF_ROUTER_LSA:
-    case OSPF_NETWORK_LSA:
-    case OSPF_SUMMARY_LSA:
-    case OSPF_ASBR_SUMMARY_LSA:
-    case OSPF_AS_NSSA_LSA:
-#ifdef HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA
-    case OSPF_OPAQUE_LINK_LSA:
-    case OSPF_OPAQUE_AREA_LSA:
-#endif /* HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA */
-      ospf_flood_through_area (lsa->area, NULL, lsa);
-      break;
-    case OSPF_AS_EXTERNAL_LSA:
-#ifdef HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA
-    case OSPF_OPAQUE_AS_LSA:
-#endif /* HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA */
-      ospf_flood_through_as (NULL, lsa);
-      break;
-    default:
-      break;
-    }
-}
-#endif /* ORIGINAL_CODING */
 
 static int
 ospf_maxage_lsa_remover (struct thread *thread)
@@ -2911,7 +2832,11 @@ ospf_maxage_lsa_remover (struct thread *thread)
             reschedule = 1;
             continue;
           }
-
+        
+        /* TODO: maybe convert this function to a work-queue */
+        if (thread_should_yield (thread))
+          OSPF_TIMER_ON (ospf->t_maxage, ospf_maxage_lsa_remover, 0);
+          
         /* Remove LSA from the LSDB */
         if (CHECK_FLAG (lsa->flags, OSPF_LSA_SELF))
           if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF (lsa, LSA_FLOODING))
@@ -2922,19 +2847,11 @@ ospf_maxage_lsa_remover (struct thread *thread)
           zlog_debug ("LSA[Type%d:%s]: MaxAge LSA removed from list",
                      lsa->data->type, inet_ntoa (lsa->data->id));
 
-	/* Flood max age LSA. */
-#ifdef ORIGINAL_CODING
-	ospf_maxage_flood (lsa);
-#else /* ORIGINAL_CODING */
-        ospf_flood_through (ospf, NULL, lsa);
-#endif /* ORIGINAL_CODING */
-
-	if (lsa->flags & OSPF_LSA_PREMATURE_AGE)  
+	if (CHECK_FLAG (lsa->flags, OSPF_LSA_PREMATURE_AGE))
           {
             if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF (lsa, LSA_FLOODING))
-              zlog_debug ("originating new router lsa for lsa 0x%lx \n", 
-                         (u_long)lsa);
-            ospf_router_lsa_originate(lsa->area);
+              zlog_debug ("originating new lsa for lsa 0x%p\n", lsa);
+            ospf_lsa_refresh (ospf, lsa);
           }
 
 	/* Remove from lsdb. */
@@ -2953,7 +2870,8 @@ ospf_maxage_lsa_remover (struct thread *thread)
         neighbor Link state retransmission lists and b) none of the router's
         neighbors are in states Exchange or Loading. */
   if (reschedule)
-    OSPF_TIMER_ON (ospf->t_maxage, ospf_maxage_lsa_remover, 2);
+    OSPF_TIMER_ON (ospf->t_maxage, ospf_maxage_lsa_remover,
+                   ospf->maxage_delay);
 
   return 0;
 }
@@ -2971,6 +2889,11 @@ ospf_lsa_maxage_delete (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
     }
 }
 
+/* Add LSA onto the MaxAge list, and schedule for removal.
+ * This does *not* lead to the LSA being flooded, that must be taken
+ * care of elsewhere, see, e.g., ospf_lsa_flush* (which are callers of this
+ * function).
+ */
 void
 ospf_lsa_maxage (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
 {
@@ -2990,7 +2913,8 @@ ospf_lsa_maxage (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
   if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF (lsa, LSA_FLOODING))
     zlog_debug ("LSA[%s]: MaxAge LSA remover scheduled.", dump_lsa_key (lsa));
 
-  OSPF_TIMER_ON (ospf->t_maxage, ospf_maxage_lsa_remover, 2);
+  OSPF_TIMER_ON (ospf->t_maxage, ospf_maxage_lsa_remover,
+                 ospf->maxage_delay);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -3035,6 +2959,10 @@ ospf_lsa_maxage_walker_remover (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
 	ospf_lsa_maxage (ospf, lsa);
       }
 
+  if (IS_LSA_MAXAGE (lsa) && !ospf_lsa_is_self_originated (ospf, lsa))
+    if (LS_AGE (lsa) > OSPF_LSA_MAXAGE + 30)
+      printf ("Eek! Shouldn't happen!\n");
+
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3353,6 +3281,7 @@ ospf_lsa_flush_schedule (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
   switch (lsa->data->type)
     {
 #ifdef HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA
+    /* Opaque wants to be notified of flushes */
     case OSPF_OPAQUE_LINK_LSA:
     case OSPF_OPAQUE_AREA_LSA:
     case OSPF_OPAQUE_AS_LSA:
@@ -3360,7 +3289,8 @@ ospf_lsa_flush_schedule (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
       break;
 #endif /* HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA */
     default:
-      ospf_lsa_maxage (ospf, lsa);
+      ospf_refresher_unregister_lsa (ospf, lsa);
+      ospf_lsa_flush (ospf, lsa);
       break;
     }
 
@@ -3383,12 +3313,13 @@ ospf_flush_self_originated_lsas_now (struct ospf *ospf)
       if ((lsa = area->router_lsa_self) != NULL)
         {
           if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF_EVENT)
-            zlog_debug ("LSA[Type%d:%s]: Schedule self-originated LSA to FLUSH", lsa->data->type, inet_ntoa (lsa->data->id));
-
+            zlog_debug ("LSA[Type%d:%s]: Schedule self-originated LSA to FLUSH",
+                        lsa->data->type, inet_ntoa (lsa->data->id));
+          
+          ospf_refresher_unregister_lsa (ospf, lsa);
           ospf_lsa_flush_area (lsa, area);
           ospf_lsa_unlock (&area->router_lsa_self);
           area->router_lsa_self = NULL;
-          OSPF_TIMER_OFF (area->t_router_lsa_self);
         }
 
       for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS (area->oiflist, node2, nnode2, oi))
@@ -3398,12 +3329,13 @@ ospf_flush_self_originated_lsas_now (struct ospf *ospf)
                &&   oi->full_nbrs > 0)
             {
               if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF_EVENT)
-                zlog_debug ("LSA[Type%d:%s]: Schedule self-originated LSA to FLUSH", lsa->data->type, inet_ntoa (lsa->data->id));
-
+                zlog_debug ("LSA[Type%d:%s]: Schedule self-originated LSA to FLUSH",
+                            lsa->data->type, inet_ntoa (lsa->data->id));
+              
+              ospf_refresher_unregister_lsa (ospf, oi->network_lsa_self);
               ospf_lsa_flush_area (oi->network_lsa_self, area);
               ospf_lsa_unlock (&oi->network_lsa_self);
               oi->network_lsa_self = NULL;
-              OSPF_TIMER_OFF (oi->t_network_lsa_self);
             }
 
           if (oi->type != OSPF_IFTYPE_VIRTUALLINK
@@ -3603,23 +3535,28 @@ ospf_schedule_lsa_flush_area (struct ospf_area *area, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
 
 
 /* LSA Refreshment functions. */
-static void
+struct ospf_lsa *
 ospf_lsa_refresh (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
 {
   struct external_info *ei;
+  struct ospf_lsa *new = NULL;
   assert (CHECK_FLAG (lsa->flags, OSPF_LSA_SELF));
+  assert (lsa->lock > 0);
 
   switch (lsa->data->type)
     {
       /* Router and Network LSAs are processed differently. */
     case OSPF_ROUTER_LSA:
+      new = ospf_router_lsa_refresh (lsa);
+      break;
     case OSPF_NETWORK_LSA: 
+      new = ospf_network_lsa_refresh (lsa);
       break;
     case OSPF_SUMMARY_LSA:
-      ospf_summary_lsa_refresh (ospf, lsa);
+      new = ospf_summary_lsa_refresh (ospf, lsa);
       break;
     case OSPF_ASBR_SUMMARY_LSA:
-      ospf_summary_asbr_lsa_refresh (ospf, lsa);
+      new = ospf_summary_asbr_lsa_refresh (ospf, lsa);
       break;
     case OSPF_AS_EXTERNAL_LSA:
       /* Translated from NSSA Type-5s are refreshed when 
@@ -3629,7 +3566,7 @@ ospf_lsa_refresh (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
         break;
       ei = ospf_external_info_check (lsa);
       if (ei)
-        ospf_external_lsa_refresh (ospf, lsa, ei, LSA_REFRESH_FORCE);
+        new = ospf_external_lsa_refresh (ospf, lsa, ei, LSA_REFRESH_FORCE);
       else
         ospf_lsa_flush_as (ospf, lsa);
       break;
@@ -3637,12 +3574,13 @@ ospf_lsa_refresh (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
     case OSPF_OPAQUE_LINK_LSA:
     case OSPF_OPAQUE_AREA_LSA:
     case OSPF_OPAQUE_AS_LSA:
-      ospf_opaque_lsa_refresh (lsa);
+      new = ospf_opaque_lsa_refresh (lsa);
       break;
 #endif /* HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA */
     default:
       break;
     }
+  return new;
 }
 
 void
@@ -3650,6 +3588,7 @@ ospf_refresher_register_lsa (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
 {
   u_int16_t index, current_index;
   
+  assert (lsa->lock > 0);
   assert (CHECK_FLAG (lsa->flags, OSPF_LSA_SELF));
 
   if (lsa->refresh_list < 0)
@@ -3668,11 +3607,11 @@ ospf_refresher_register_lsa (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
       if (delay < 0)
 	delay = 0;
 
-      current_index = ospf->lsa_refresh_queue.index +
-	(quagga_time (NULL) - ospf->lsa_refresher_started)/OSPF_LSA_REFRESHER_GRANULARITY;
+      current_index = ospf->lsa_refresh_queue.index + (quagga_time (NULL)
+                - ospf->lsa_refresher_started)/OSPF_LSA_REFRESHER_GRANULARITY;
       
       index = (current_index + delay/OSPF_LSA_REFRESHER_GRANULARITY)
-	% (OSPF_LSA_REFRESHER_SLOTS);
+	      % (OSPF_LSA_REFRESHER_SLOTS);
 
       if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF (lsa, LSA_REFRESH))
 	zlog_debug ("LSA[Refresh]: lsa %s with age %d added to index %d",
@@ -3692,6 +3631,7 @@ ospf_refresher_register_lsa (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
 void
 ospf_refresher_unregister_lsa (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
 {
+  assert (lsa->lock > 0);
   assert (CHECK_FLAG (lsa->flags, OSPF_LSA_SELF));
   if (lsa->refresh_list >= 0)
     {
@@ -3728,8 +3668,9 @@ ospf_lsa_refresh_walker (struct thread *t)
      modulus. */
   ospf->lsa_refresh_queue.index =
    ((unsigned long)(ospf->lsa_refresh_queue.index +
-		    (quagga_time (NULL) - ospf->lsa_refresher_started) /
-		    OSPF_LSA_REFRESHER_GRANULARITY)) % OSPF_LSA_REFRESHER_SLOTS;
+		    (quagga_time (NULL) - ospf->lsa_refresher_started)
+		    / OSPF_LSA_REFRESHER_GRANULARITY))
+		    % OSPF_LSA_REFRESHER_SLOTS;
 
   if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF (lsa, LSA_REFRESH))
     zlog_debug ("LSA[Refresh]: ospf_lsa_refresh_walker(): next index %d",
@@ -3744,6 +3685,8 @@ ospf_lsa_refresh_walker (struct thread *t)
 
       refresh_list = ospf->lsa_refresh_queue.qs [i];
       
+      assert (i >= 0);
+
       ospf->lsa_refresh_queue.qs [i] = NULL;
 
       if (refresh_list)
@@ -3755,8 +3698,8 @@ ospf_lsa_refresh_walker (struct thread *t)
 		           "refresh lsa %p (slot %d)", 
 		           inet_ntoa (lsa->data->id), lsa, i);
 	      
+	      assert (lsa->lock > 0);
 	      list_delete_node (refresh_list, node);
-	      ospf_lsa_unlock (&lsa); /* lsa_refresh_queue */
 	      lsa->refresh_list = -1;
 	      listnode_add (lsa_to_refresh, lsa);
 	    }
@@ -3769,7 +3712,11 @@ ospf_lsa_refresh_walker (struct thread *t)
   ospf->lsa_refresher_started = quagga_time (NULL);
 
   for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS (lsa_to_refresh, node, nnode, lsa))
-    ospf_lsa_refresh (ospf, lsa);
+    {
+      ospf_lsa_refresh (ospf, lsa);
+      assert (lsa->lock > 0);
+      ospf_lsa_unlock (&lsa); /* lsa_refresh_queue & temp for lsa_to_refresh*/
+    }
   
   list_delete (lsa_to_refresh);
   
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_lsa.h b/ospfd/ospf_lsa.h
index 251d4731..72e2f8a5 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_lsa.h
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_lsa.h
@@ -114,11 +114,9 @@ struct ospf_lsa
 
   /* Refreshement List or Queue */
   int refresh_list;
-
-#ifdef HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA
-  /* For Type-9 Opaque-LSAs, reference to ospf-interface is required. */
+  
+  /* For Type-9 Opaque-LSAs */
   struct ospf_interface *oi;
-#endif /* HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA */
 };
 
 /* OSPF LSA Link Type. */
@@ -254,19 +252,16 @@ extern struct lsa_header *ospf_lsa_data_dup (struct lsa_header *);
 extern void ospf_lsa_data_free (struct lsa_header *);
 
 /* Prototype for various LSAs */
-extern int ospf_router_lsa_update_timer (struct thread *);
-extern void ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (struct ospf_area *);
+extern int ospf_router_lsa_update (struct ospf *);
+extern int ospf_router_lsa_update_area (struct ospf_area *);
 
-extern int ospf_network_lsa_refresh (struct ospf_lsa *, struct ospf_interface *);
-extern void ospf_network_lsa_timer_add (struct ospf_interface *);
+extern void ospf_network_lsa_update (struct ospf_interface *);
 
 extern struct ospf_lsa *ospf_summary_lsa_originate (struct prefix_ipv4 *, u_int32_t,
 					     struct ospf_area *);
 extern struct ospf_lsa *ospf_summary_asbr_lsa_originate (struct prefix_ipv4 *,
 						  u_int32_t,
 						  struct ospf_area *);
-extern struct ospf_lsa *ospf_summary_lsa_refresh (struct ospf *, struct ospf_lsa *);
-extern struct ospf_lsa *ospf_summary_asbr_lsa_refresh (struct ospf *, struct ospf_lsa *);
 
 extern struct ospf_lsa *ospf_lsa_install (struct ospf *,
 				   struct ospf_interface *, struct ospf_lsa *);
@@ -300,12 +295,15 @@ extern void ospf_lsa_maxage (struct ospf *, struct ospf_lsa *);
 extern u_int32_t get_metric (u_char *);
 
 extern int ospf_lsa_maxage_walker (struct thread *);
-
+extern struct ospf_lsa *ospf_lsa_refresh (struct ospf *, struct ospf_lsa *);
+ 
 extern void ospf_external_lsa_refresh_default (struct ospf *);
 
 extern void ospf_external_lsa_refresh_type (struct ospf *, u_char, int);
-extern void ospf_external_lsa_refresh (struct ospf *, struct ospf_lsa *,
-				struct external_info *, int);
+extern struct ospf_lsa *ospf_external_lsa_refresh (struct ospf *,
+                                                   struct ospf_lsa *,
+                                                   struct external_info *,
+                                                   int);
 extern struct in_addr ospf_lsa_unique_id (struct ospf *, struct ospf_lsdb *, u_char,
 				   struct prefix_ipv4 *);
 extern void ospf_schedule_lsa_flood_area (struct ospf_area *, struct ospf_lsa *);
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_lsdb.c b/ospfd/ospf_lsdb.c
index c906f052..ea9a3528 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_lsdb.c
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_lsdb.c
@@ -120,7 +120,10 @@ ospf_lsdb_add (struct ospf_lsdb *lsdb, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
   
   /* nothing to do? */
   if (rn->info && rn->info == lsa)
-    return;
+    {
+      route_unlock_node (rn);
+      return;
+    }
   
   /* purge old entry? */
   if (rn->info)
@@ -162,12 +165,13 @@ ospf_lsdb_delete (struct ospf_lsdb *lsdb, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
       return;
     }
   
+  assert (lsa->data->type < OSPF_MAX_LSA);
   table = lsdb->type[lsa->data->type].db;
   lsdb_prefix_set (&lp, lsa);
-  rn = route_node_lookup (table, (struct prefix *) &lp);
-  if (rn && (rn->info == lsa))
+  if ((rn = route_node_lookup (table, (struct prefix *) &lp)))
     {
-      ospf_lsdb_delete_entry (lsdb, rn);
+      if (rn->info == lsa)
+        ospf_lsdb_delete_entry (lsdb, rn);
       route_unlock_node (rn); /* route_node_lookup */
     }
 }
@@ -274,7 +278,8 @@ ospf_lsdb_lookup_by_id_next (struct ospf_lsdb *lsdb, u_char type,
       rn = route_top (table);
   else
     {
-      rn = route_node_get (table, (struct prefix *) &lp);
+      if ((rn = route_node_lookup (table, (struct prefix *) &lp)) == NULL)
+        return NULL;
       rn = route_next (rn);
     }
 
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_network.c b/ospfd/ospf_network.c
index 89ff2038..1e2d44e6 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_network.c
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_network.c
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ ospf_if_add_allspfrouters (struct ospf *top, struct prefix *p,
 	       "on # of multicast group memberships has been exceeded?",
                top->fd, inet_ntoa(p->u.prefix4), ifindex, safe_strerror(errno));
   else
-    zlog_info ("interface %s [%u] join AllSPFRouters Multicast group.",
+    zlog_debug ("interface %s [%u] join AllSPFRouters Multicast group.",
 	       inet_ntoa (p->u.prefix4), ifindex);
 
   return ret;
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ ospf_if_drop_allspfrouters (struct ospf *top, struct prefix *p,
 	       "ifindex %u, AllSPFRouters): %s",
                top->fd, inet_ntoa(p->u.prefix4), ifindex, safe_strerror(errno));
   else
-    zlog_info ("interface %s [%u] leave AllSPFRouters Multicast group.",
-	       inet_ntoa (p->u.prefix4), ifindex);
+    zlog_debug ("interface %s [%u] leave AllSPFRouters Multicast group.",
+	        inet_ntoa (p->u.prefix4), ifindex);
 
   return ret;
 }
@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ ospf_if_add_alldrouters (struct ospf *top, struct prefix *p, unsigned int
 	       "on # of multicast group memberships has been exceeded?",
                top->fd, inet_ntoa(p->u.prefix4), ifindex, safe_strerror(errno));
   else
-    zlog_info ("interface %s [%u] join AllDRouters Multicast group.",
-	       inet_ntoa (p->u.prefix4), ifindex);
+    zlog_debug ("interface %s [%u] join AllDRouters Multicast group.",
+	        inet_ntoa (p->u.prefix4), ifindex);
 
   return ret;
 }
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ ospf_if_drop_alldrouters (struct ospf *top, struct prefix *p, unsigned int
 	       "ifindex %u, AllDRouters): %s",
                top->fd, inet_ntoa(p->u.prefix4), ifindex, safe_strerror(errno));
   else
-    zlog_info ("interface %s [%u] leave AllDRouters Multicast group.",
-	       inet_ntoa (p->u.prefix4), ifindex);
+    zlog_debug ("interface %s [%u] leave AllDRouters Multicast group.",
+	        inet_ntoa (p->u.prefix4), ifindex);
 
   return ret;
 }
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_nsm.c b/ospfd/ospf_nsm.c
index 15fff349..cbc31716 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_nsm.c
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_nsm.c
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ nsm_should_adj (struct ospf_neighbor *nbr)
 
 /* OSPF NSM functions. */
 static int
-nsm_hello_received (struct ospf_neighbor *nbr)
+nsm_packet_received (struct ospf_neighbor *nbr)
 {
   /* Start or Restart Inactivity Timer. */
   OSPF_NSM_TIMER_OFF (nbr->t_inactivity);
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ ospf_db_summary_add (struct ospf_neighbor *nbr, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
     {
     case OSPF_OPAQUE_LINK_LSA:
       /* Exclude type-9 LSAs that does not have the same "oi" with "nbr". */
-      if (lsa->oi != nbr->oi)
+      if (nbr->oi && ospf_if_exists (lsa->oi) != nbr->oi)
           return 0;
       break;
     case OSPF_OPAQUE_AREA_LSA:
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ struct {
   {
     /* DependUpon: dummy state. */
     { NULL,                    NSM_DependUpon }, /* NoEvent           */
-    { NULL,                    NSM_DependUpon }, /* HelloReceived     */
+    { NULL,                    NSM_DependUpon }, /* PacketReceived    */
     { NULL,                    NSM_DependUpon }, /* Start             */
     { NULL,                    NSM_DependUpon }, /* 2-WayReceived     */
     { NULL,                    NSM_DependUpon }, /* NegotiationDone   */
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ struct {
   {
     /* Deleted: dummy state. */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Deleted    }, /* NoEvent           */
-    { NULL,                    NSM_Deleted    }, /* HelloReceived     */
+    { NULL,                    NSM_Deleted    }, /* PacketReceived    */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Deleted    }, /* Start             */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Deleted    }, /* 2-WayReceived     */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Deleted    }, /* NegotiationDone   */
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ struct {
   {
     /* Down: */
     { NULL,                    NSM_DependUpon }, /* NoEvent           */
-    { nsm_hello_received,      NSM_Init       }, /* HelloReceived     */
+    { nsm_packet_received,     NSM_Init       }, /* PacketReceived    */
     { nsm_start,               NSM_Attempt    }, /* Start             */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Down       }, /* 2-WayReceived     */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Down       }, /* NegotiationDone   */
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ struct {
   {
     /* Attempt: */
     { NULL,                    NSM_DependUpon }, /* NoEvent           */
-    { nsm_hello_received,      NSM_Init       }, /* HelloReceived     */
+    { nsm_packet_received,     NSM_Init       }, /* PacketReceived    */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Attempt    }, /* Start             */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Attempt    }, /* 2-WayReceived     */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Attempt    }, /* NegotiationDone   */
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ struct {
   {
     /* Init: */
     { NULL,                    NSM_DependUpon }, /* NoEvent           */
-    { nsm_hello_received,      NSM_Init       }, /* HelloReceived     */
+    { nsm_packet_received,     NSM_Init      }, /* PacketReceived    */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Init       }, /* Start             */
     { nsm_twoway_received,     NSM_DependUpon }, /* 2-WayReceived     */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Init       }, /* NegotiationDone   */
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ struct {
   {
     /* 2-Way: */
     { NULL,                    NSM_DependUpon }, /* NoEvent           */
-    { nsm_hello_received,      NSM_TwoWay     }, /* HelloReceived     */
+    { nsm_packet_received,     NSM_TwoWay     }, /* HelloReceived     */
     { NULL,                    NSM_TwoWay     }, /* Start             */
     { NULL,                    NSM_TwoWay     }, /* 2-WayReceived     */
     { NULL,                    NSM_TwoWay     }, /* NegotiationDone   */
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ struct {
   {
     /* ExStart: */
     { NULL,                    NSM_DependUpon }, /* NoEvent           */
-    { nsm_hello_received,      NSM_ExStart    }, /* HelloReceived     */
+    { nsm_packet_received,     NSM_ExStart    }, /* PacaketReceived   */
     { NULL,                    NSM_ExStart    }, /* Start             */
     { NULL,                    NSM_ExStart    }, /* 2-WayReceived     */
     { nsm_negotiation_done,    NSM_Exchange   }, /* NegotiationDone   */
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ struct {
   {
     /* Exchange: */
     { NULL,                    NSM_DependUpon }, /* NoEvent           */
-    { nsm_hello_received,      NSM_Exchange   }, /* HelloReceived     */
+    { nsm_packet_received,     NSM_Exchange   }, /* PacketReceived    */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Exchange   }, /* Start             */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Exchange   }, /* 2-WayReceived     */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Exchange   }, /* NegotiationDone   */
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ struct {
   {
     /* Loading: */
     { NULL,                    NSM_DependUpon }, /* NoEvent           */
-    { nsm_hello_received,      NSM_Loading    }, /* HelloReceived     */
+    { nsm_packet_received,     NSM_Loading    }, /* PacketReceived    */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Loading    }, /* Start             */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Loading    }, /* 2-WayReceived     */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Loading    }, /* NegotiationDone   */
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ struct {
   },
   { /* Full: */
     { NULL,                    NSM_DependUpon }, /* NoEvent           */
-    { nsm_hello_received,      NSM_Full       }, /* HelloReceived     */
+    { nsm_packet_received,     NSM_Full       }, /* PacketReceived    */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Full       }, /* Start             */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Full       }, /* 2-WayReceived     */
     { NULL,                    NSM_Full       }, /* NegotiationDone   */
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ struct {
 static const char *ospf_nsm_event_str[] =
 {
   "NoEvent",
-  "HelloReceived",
+  "PacketReceived",
   "Start",
   "2-WayReceived",
   "NegotiationDone",
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ nsm_change_state (struct ospf_neighbor *nbr, int state)
 		 LOOKUP(ospf_nsm_state_msg, old_state),
 		 LOOKUP(ospf_nsm_state_msg, state));
 
-      ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (oi->area);
+      ospf_router_lsa_update_area (oi->area);
 
       if (oi->type == OSPF_IFTYPE_VIRTUALLINK)
 	{
@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ nsm_change_state (struct ospf_neighbor *nbr, int state)
 	    ospf_area_lookup_by_area_id (oi->ospf, oi->vl_data->vl_area_id);
 	  
 	  if (vl_area)
-	    ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (vl_area);
+	    ospf_router_lsa_update_area (vl_area);
 	}
 
       /* Originate network-LSA. */
@@ -730,10 +730,9 @@ nsm_change_state (struct ospf_neighbor *nbr, int state)
 	      ospf_lsa_flush_area (oi->network_lsa_self, oi->area);
 	      ospf_lsa_unlock (&oi->network_lsa_self);
 	      oi->network_lsa_self = NULL;
-	      OSPF_TIMER_OFF (oi->t_network_lsa_self);
 	    }
 	  else
-	    ospf_network_lsa_timer_add (oi);
+	    ospf_network_lsa_update (oi);
 	}
     }
 
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_nsm.h b/ospfd/ospf_nsm.h
index 1121dae6..4f2ae808 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_nsm.h
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_nsm.h
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 
 /* OSPF Neighbor State Machine Event. */
 #define NSM_NoEvent	        0
-#define NSM_HelloReceived	1
+#define NSM_PacketReceived	1 /* HelloReceived in the protocol */
 #define NSM_Start		2
 #define NSM_TwoWayReceived	3
 #define NSM_NegotiationDone	4
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_opaque.c b/ospfd/ospf_opaque.c
index 0b6ac4cb..f82927ef 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_opaque.c
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_opaque.c
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
  * Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
  * later version.
- * 
+ *
  * GNU Zebra is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
 
 #ifdef SUPPORT_OSPF_API
 int ospf_apiserver_init (void);
-void ospf_apiserver_term (void); 
+void ospf_apiserver_term (void);
 /* Init apiserver? It's disabled by default. */
 int ospf_apiserver_enable;
 #endif /* SUPPORT_OSPF_API */
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ void
 ospf_opaque_type10_lsa_term (struct ospf_area *area)
 {
 #ifdef MONITOR_LSDB_CHANGE
-  area->lsdb->new_lsa_hook = 
+  area->lsdb->new_lsa_hook =
   area->lsdb->del_lsa_hook = NULL;
 #endif /* MONITOR_LSDB_CHANGE */
 
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ void
 ospf_opaque_type11_lsa_term (struct ospf *top)
 {
 #ifdef MONITOR_LSDB_CHANGE
-  top->lsdb->new_lsa_hook = 
+  top->lsdb->new_lsa_hook =
   top->lsdb->del_lsa_hook = NULL;
 #endif /* MONITOR_LSDB_CHANGE */
 
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ struct ospf_opaque_functab
   void (* config_write_debug )(struct vty *vty);
   void (* show_opaque_info   )(struct vty *vty, struct ospf_lsa *lsa);
   int  (* lsa_originator)(void *arg);
-  void (* lsa_refresher )(struct ospf_lsa *lsa);
+  struct ospf_lsa *(* lsa_refresher )(struct ospf_lsa *lsa);
   int (* new_lsa_hook)(struct ospf_lsa *lsa);
   int (* del_lsa_hook)(struct ospf_lsa *lsa);
 };
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ ospf_register_opaque_functab (
   void (* config_write_debug )(struct vty *vty),
   void (* show_opaque_info   )(struct vty *vty, struct ospf_lsa *lsa),
   int  (* lsa_originator)(void *arg),
-  void (* lsa_refresher )(struct ospf_lsa *lsa),
+  struct ospf_lsa *(* lsa_refresher )(struct ospf_lsa *lsa),
   int (* new_lsa_hook)(struct ospf_lsa *lsa),
   int (* del_lsa_hook)(struct ospf_lsa *lsa))
 {
@@ -373,12 +373,12 @@ ospf_register_opaque_functab (
     {
       struct listnode *node, *nnode;
       struct ospf_opaque_functab *functab;
-      
+
       for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS (funclist, node, nnode, functab))
         if (functab->opaque_type == opaque_type)
           {
             zlog_warn ("ospf_register_opaque_functab: Duplicated entry?:"
-                       " lsa_type(%u), opaque_type(%u)", 
+                       " lsa_type(%u), opaque_type(%u)",
                        lsa_type, opaque_type);
             goto out;
           }
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ opaque_lsa_nsm_change_callback (struct list *funclist,
 }
 
 static void
-opaque_lsa_config_write_router_callback (struct list *funclist, 
+opaque_lsa_config_write_router_callback (struct list *funclist,
                                          struct vty *vty)
 {
   struct listnode *node, *nnode;
@@ -1380,7 +1380,7 @@ ospf_opaque_lsa_originate_schedule (struct ospf_interface *oi, int *delay0)
     {
       for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS (oi->opaque_lsa_self, node, nnode, oipt))
         {
-	  /* 
+	  /*
 	   * removed the test for
 	   *   (! list_isempty (oipt->id_list))   * Handler is already active. *
            * because opaque cababilities ON -> OFF -> ON result in list_isempty (oipt->id_list)
@@ -1400,7 +1400,7 @@ ospf_opaque_lsa_originate_schedule (struct ospf_interface *oi, int *delay0)
     {
       for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS (area->opaque_lsa_self, node, nnode, oipt))
         {
-	  /* 
+	  /*
 	   * removed the test for
 	   *   (! list_isempty (oipt->id_list))   * Handler is already active. *
            * because opaque cababilities ON -> OFF -> ON result in list_isempty (oipt->id_list)
@@ -1420,7 +1420,7 @@ ospf_opaque_lsa_originate_schedule (struct ospf_interface *oi, int *delay0)
     {
       for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS (top->opaque_lsa_self, node, nnode, oipt))
         {
-	  /* 
+	  /*
 	   * removed the test for
 	   *   (! list_isempty (oipt->id_list))   * Handler is already active. *
            * because opaque cababilities ON -> OFF -> ON result in list_isempty (oipt->id_list)
@@ -1608,11 +1608,12 @@ out:
   return new;
 }
 
-void
+struct ospf_lsa *
 ospf_opaque_lsa_refresh (struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
 {
   struct ospf *ospf;
   struct ospf_opaque_functab *functab;
+  struct ospf_lsa *new = NULL;
 
   ospf = ospf_lookup ();
 
@@ -1630,12 +1631,12 @@ ospf_opaque_lsa_refresh (struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
         zlog_debug ("LSA[Type%d:%s]: Flush stray Opaque-LSA", lsa->data->type, inet_ntoa (lsa->data->id));
 
       lsa->data->ls_age = htons (OSPF_LSA_MAXAGE);
-      ospf_lsa_maxage (ospf, lsa);
+      ospf_lsa_flush (ospf, lsa);
     }
   else
-    (* functab->lsa_refresher)(lsa);
+    new = (* functab->lsa_refresher)(lsa);
 
-  return;
+  return new;
 }
 
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*
@@ -1803,8 +1804,8 @@ ospf_opaque_lsa_reoriginate_schedule (void *lsa_type_dependent,
 
   if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF_EVENT)
     zlog_debug ("Schedule Type-%u Opaque-LSA to RE-ORIGINATE in %d"
-               " sec later: [opaque-type=%u]", 
-               lsa_type, delay, 
+               " sec later: [opaque-type=%u]",
+               lsa_type, delay,
                GET_OPAQUE_TYPE (ntohl (lsa->data->id.s_addr)));
 
   OSPF_OPAQUE_TIMER_ON (oipt->t_opaque_lsa_self, func, oipt, delay);
@@ -1864,7 +1865,7 @@ ospf_opaque_type9_lsa_reoriginate_timer (struct thread *t)
     {
       if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF_EVENT)
         zlog_debug ("Suspend re-origination of Type-9 Opaque-LSAs (opaque-type=%u) for a while...", oipt->opaque_type);
-    
+
       oipt->status = PROC_SUSPEND;
       rc = 0;
       goto out;
@@ -1918,7 +1919,7 @@ ospf_opaque_type10_lsa_reoriginate_timer (struct thread *t)
     {
       if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF_EVENT)
         zlog_debug ("Suspend re-origination of Type-10 Opaque-LSAs"
-                   " (opaque-type=%u) for a while...", 
+                   " (opaque-type=%u) for a while...",
                    oipt->opaque_type);
 
       oipt->status = PROC_SUSPEND;
@@ -1928,7 +1929,7 @@ ospf_opaque_type10_lsa_reoriginate_timer (struct thread *t)
 
   if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF_EVENT)
     zlog_debug ("Timer[Type10-LSA]: Re-originate Opaque-LSAs"
-               " (opaque-type=%u) for Area %s", 
+               " (opaque-type=%u) for Area %s",
                oipt->opaque_type, inet_ntoa (area->area_id));
 
   rc = (* functab->lsa_originator)(area);
@@ -1965,7 +1966,7 @@ ospf_opaque_type11_lsa_reoriginate_timer (struct thread *t)
     {
       if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF_EVENT)
         zlog_debug ("Suspend re-origination of Type-11 Opaque-LSAs (opaque-type=%u) for a while...", oipt->opaque_type);
-    
+
       oipt->status = PROC_SUSPEND;
       rc = 0;
       goto out;
@@ -2108,7 +2109,7 @@ ospf_opaque_lsa_flush_schedule (struct ospf_lsa *lsa0)
     zlog_debug ("Schedule Type-%u Opaque-LSA to FLUSH: [opaque-type=%u, opaque-id=%x]", lsa->data->type, GET_OPAQUE_TYPE (ntohl (lsa->data->id.s_addr)), GET_OPAQUE_ID (ntohl (lsa->data->id.s_addr)));
 
   /* This lsa will be flushed and removed eventually. */
-  ospf_lsa_maxage (lsa0->area->ospf, lsa);
+  ospf_lsa_flush (lsa0->area->ospf, lsa);
 
 out:
   return;
@@ -2227,7 +2228,7 @@ ospf_opaque_exclude_lsa_from_lsreq (struct route_table *nbrs,
 }
 
 void
-ospf_opaque_self_originated_lsa_received (struct ospf_neighbor *nbr, 
+ospf_opaque_self_originated_lsa_received (struct ospf_neighbor *nbr,
                                           struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
 {
   struct ospf *top;
@@ -2281,10 +2282,10 @@ ospf_opaque_ls_ack_received (struct ospf_neighbor *nbr, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
 
   if ((top = oi_to_top (nbr->oi)) == NULL)
     return;
-  
+
   if (!IS_OPAQUE_LSA_ORIGINATION_BLOCKED (top->opaque))
     return;
-  
+
   switch (lsa->data->type)
     {
     case OSPF_OPAQUE_LINK_LSA:
@@ -2306,14 +2307,14 @@ ospf_opaque_ls_ack_received (struct ospf_neighbor *nbr, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
       zlog_warn ("ospf_opaque_ls_ack_received: Unexpected LSA-type(%u)", lsa->data->type);
       return;
     }
-  
+
   if (IS_OPAQUE_LSA_ORIGINATION_BLOCKED (top->opaque))
     {
       if (IS_DEBUG_OSPF_EVENT)
         zlog_debug ("Block Opaque-LSA origination: ON -> OFF");
       return; /* Blocking still in progress. */
     }
-  
+
   if (! CHECK_FLAG (top->config, OSPF_OPAQUE_CAPABLE))
     return; /* Opaque capability condition must have changed. */
 
@@ -2328,7 +2329,7 @@ ospf_opaque_ls_ack_received (struct ospf_neighbor *nbr, struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
 
       ospf_opaque_lsa_originate_schedule (oi, &delay);
     }
-    
+
   return;
 }
 
@@ -2358,7 +2359,7 @@ ospf_opaque_type10_lsa_rxmt_nbr_check (struct ospf_area *area)
   for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS_RO (area->oiflist, node, oi))
     {
       if (area->area_id.s_addr != OSPF_AREA_BACKBONE
-          && oi->type == OSPF_IFTYPE_VIRTUALLINK) 
+          && oi->type == OSPF_IFTYPE_VIRTUALLINK)
         continue;
 
       n = ospf_opaque_nrxmt_self (oi->nbrs, OSPF_OPAQUE_AREA_LSA);
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_opaque.h b/ospfd/ospf_opaque.h
index f49fe460..083e0fa5 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_opaque.h
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_opaque.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
  * Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
  * later version.
- * 
+ *
  * GNU Zebra is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ ospf_register_opaque_functab (
   void (* config_write_debug )(struct vty *vty),
   void (* show_opaque_info   )(struct vty *vty, struct ospf_lsa *lsa),
   int  (* lsa_originator)(void *arg),
-  void (* lsa_refresher )(struct ospf_lsa *lsa),
+  struct ospf_lsa *(* lsa_refresher )(struct ospf_lsa *lsa),
   int (* new_lsa_hook)(struct ospf_lsa *lsa),
   int (* del_lsa_hook)(struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
 );
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ extern void ospf_opaque_lsa_originate_schedule (struct ospf_interface *oi,
 						int *init_delay);
 extern struct ospf_lsa *ospf_opaque_lsa_install (struct ospf_lsa *,
 						 int rt_recalc);
-extern void ospf_opaque_lsa_refresh (struct ospf_lsa *lsa);
+extern struct ospf_lsa *ospf_opaque_lsa_refresh (struct ospf_lsa *lsa);
 
 extern void ospf_opaque_lsa_reoriginate_schedule (void *lsa_type_dependent,
 						  u_char lsa_type,
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_packet.c b/ospfd/ospf_packet.c
index 8045c659..242a2081 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_packet.c
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_packet.c
@@ -125,6 +125,20 @@ ospf_fifo_push (struct ospf_fifo *fifo, struct ospf_packet *op)
   fifo->count++;
 }
 
+/* Add new packet to head of fifo. */
+static void
+ospf_fifo_push_head (struct ospf_fifo *fifo, struct ospf_packet *op)
+{
+  op->next = fifo->head;
+  
+  if (fifo->tail == NULL)
+    fifo->tail = op;
+  
+  fifo->head = op;
+  
+  fifo->count++;
+}
+
 /* Delete first packet from fifo. */
 struct ospf_packet *
 ospf_fifo_pop (struct ospf_fifo *fifo)
@@ -199,6 +213,27 @@ ospf_packet_add (struct ospf_interface *oi, struct ospf_packet *op)
   /* ospf_fifo_debug (oi->obuf); */
 }
 
+static void
+ospf_packet_add_top (struct ospf_interface *oi, struct ospf_packet *op)
+{
+  if (!oi->obuf)
+    {
+      zlog_err("ospf_packet_add(interface %s in state %d [%s], packet type %s, "
+	       "destination %s) called with NULL obuf, ignoring "
+	       "(please report this bug)!\n",
+	       IF_NAME(oi), oi->state, LOOKUP (ospf_ism_state_msg, oi->state),
+	       ospf_packet_type_str[stream_getc_from(op->s, 1)],
+	       inet_ntoa (op->dst));
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* Add packet to head of queue. */
+  ospf_fifo_push_head (oi->obuf, op);
+
+  /* Debug of packet fifo*/
+  /* ospf_fifo_debug (oi->obuf); */
+}
+
 void
 ospf_packet_delete (struct ospf_interface *oi)
 {
@@ -880,7 +915,7 @@ ospf_hello (struct ip *iph, struct ospf_header *ospfh,
   old_state = nbr->state;
 
   /* Add event to thread. */
-  OSPF_NSM_EVENT_EXECUTE (nbr, NSM_HelloReceived);
+  OSPF_NSM_EVENT_SCHEDULE (nbr, NSM_PacketReceived);
 
   /*  RFC2328  Section 9.5.1
       If the router is not eligible to become Designated Router,
@@ -900,7 +935,7 @@ ospf_hello (struct ip *iph, struct ospf_header *ospfh,
   if (oi->type == OSPF_IFTYPE_NBMA &&
       (old_state == NSM_Down || old_state == NSM_Attempt))
     {
-      OSPF_NSM_EVENT_EXECUTE (nbr, NSM_OneWayReceived);
+      OSPF_NSM_EVENT_SCHEDULE (nbr, NSM_OneWayReceived);
       nbr->priority = hello->priority;
       nbr->d_router = hello->d_router;
       nbr->bd_router = hello->bd_router;
@@ -910,12 +945,12 @@ ospf_hello (struct ip *iph, struct ospf_header *ospfh,
   if (ospf_nbr_bidirectional (&oi->ospf->router_id, hello->neighbors,
 			      size - OSPF_HELLO_MIN_SIZE))
     {
-      OSPF_NSM_EVENT_EXECUTE (nbr, NSM_TwoWayReceived);
+      OSPF_NSM_EVENT_SCHEDULE (nbr, NSM_TwoWayReceived);
       nbr->options |= hello->options;
     }
   else
     {
-      OSPF_NSM_EVENT_EXECUTE (nbr, NSM_OneWayReceived);
+      OSPF_NSM_EVENT_SCHEDULE (nbr, NSM_OneWayReceived);
       /* Set neighbor information. */
       nbr->priority = hello->priority;
       nbr->d_router = hello->d_router;
@@ -1190,6 +1225,9 @@ ospf_db_desc (struct ip *iph, struct ospf_header *ospfh,
     }
 #endif /* HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA */
 
+  /* Add event to thread. */
+  OSPF_NSM_EVENT_SCHEDULE (nbr, NSM_PacketReceived);
+
   /* Process DD packet by neighbor status. */
   switch (nbr->state)
     {
@@ -1411,6 +1449,9 @@ ospf_ls_req (struct ip *iph, struct ospf_header *ospfh,
       return;
     }
 
+  /* Add event to thread. */
+  OSPF_NSM_EVENT_SCHEDULE (nbr, NSM_PacketReceived);
+
   /* Neighbor State should be Exchange or later. */
   if (nbr->state != NSM_Exchange &&
       nbr->state != NSM_Loading &&
@@ -1643,6 +1684,9 @@ ospf_ls_upd (struct ip *iph, struct ospf_header *ospfh,
       return;
     }
 
+  /* Add event to thread. */
+  OSPF_NSM_EVENT_SCHEDULE (nbr, NSM_PacketReceived);
+
   /* Check neighbor state. */
   if (nbr->state < NSM_Exchange)
     {
@@ -1945,7 +1989,7 @@ ospf_ls_upd (struct ip *iph, struct ospf_header *ospfh,
 	      quagga_gettime (QUAGGA_CLK_MONOTONIC, &now);
 	      
 	      if (tv_cmp (tv_sub (now, current->tv_orig), 
-			  int2tv (OSPF_MIN_LS_ARRIVAL)) > 0)
+			  int2tv (OSPF_MIN_LS_ARRIVAL)) >= 0)
 		/* Trap NSSA type later.*/
 		ospf_ls_upd_send_lsa (nbr, current, OSPF_SEND_PACKET_DIRECT);
 	      DISCARD_LSA (lsa, 8);
@@ -1976,6 +2020,9 @@ ospf_ls_ack (struct ip *iph, struct ospf_header *ospfh,
       return;
     }
 
+  /* Add event to thread. */
+  OSPF_NSM_EVENT_SCHEDULE (nbr, NSM_PacketReceived);
+
   if (nbr->state < NSM_Exchange)
     {
       zlog_warn ("Link State Acknowledgment: "
@@ -2954,8 +3001,8 @@ ospf_make_ls_ack (struct ospf_interface *oi, struct list *ack, struct stream *s)
   return length;
 }
 
-void
-ospf_hello_send_sub (struct ospf_interface *oi, struct in_addr *addr)
+static void
+ospf_hello_send_sub (struct ospf_interface *oi, in_addr_t addr)
 {
   struct ospf_packet *op;
   u_int16_t length = OSPF_HEADER_SIZE;
@@ -2974,10 +3021,12 @@ ospf_hello_send_sub (struct ospf_interface *oi, struct in_addr *addr)
   /* Set packet length. */
   op->length = length;
 
-  op->dst.s_addr = addr->s_addr;
+  op->dst.s_addr = addr;
 
-  /* Add packet to the interface output queue. */
-  ospf_packet_add (oi, op);
+  /* Add packet to the top of the interface output queue, so that they
+   * can't get delayed by things like long queues of LS Update packets
+   */
+  ospf_packet_add_top (oi, op);
 
   /* Hook thread to write packet. */
   OSPF_ISM_WRITE_ON (oi->ospf);
@@ -3008,7 +3057,7 @@ ospf_poll_send (struct ospf_nbr_nbma *nbr_nbma)
       && oi->state != ISM_DR && oi->state != ISM_Backup)
     return;
 
-  ospf_hello_send_sub (oi, &nbr_nbma->addr);
+  ospf_hello_send_sub (oi, nbr_nbma->addr.s_addr);
 }
 
 int
@@ -3047,7 +3096,7 @@ ospf_hello_reply_timer (struct thread *thread)
     zlog (NULL, LOG_DEBUG, "NSM[%s:%s]: Timer (hello-reply timer expire)",
 	  IF_NAME (nbr->oi), inet_ntoa (nbr->router_id));
 
-  ospf_hello_send_sub (nbr->oi, &nbr->address.u.prefix4);
+  ospf_hello_send_sub (nbr->oi, nbr->address.u.prefix4.s_addr);
 
   return 0;
 }
@@ -3056,27 +3105,10 @@ ospf_hello_reply_timer (struct thread *thread)
 void
 ospf_hello_send (struct ospf_interface *oi)
 {
-  struct ospf_packet *op;
-  u_int16_t length = OSPF_HEADER_SIZE;
-
   /* If this is passive interface, do not send OSPF Hello. */
   if (OSPF_IF_PASSIVE_STATUS (oi) == OSPF_IF_PASSIVE)
     return;
 
-  op = ospf_packet_new (oi->ifp->mtu);
-
-  /* Prepare OSPF common header. */
-  ospf_make_header (OSPF_MSG_HELLO, oi, op->s);
-
-  /* Prepare OSPF Hello body. */
-  length += ospf_make_hello (oi, op->s);
-
-  /* Fill OSPF header. */
-  ospf_fill_header (oi, op->s, length);
-
-  /* Set packet length. */
-  op->length = length;
-
   if (oi->type == OSPF_IFTYPE_NBMA)
     {
       struct ospf_neighbor *nbr;
@@ -3106,34 +3138,16 @@ ospf_hello_send (struct ospf_interface *oi)
 		if (nbr->priority == 0 && oi->state == ISM_DROther)
 		  continue;
 		/* if oi->state == Waiting, send hello to all neighbors */
-		{
-		  struct ospf_packet *op_dup;
-
-		  op_dup = ospf_packet_dup(op);
-		  op_dup->dst = nbr->address.u.prefix4;
-
-		  /* Add packet to the interface output queue. */
-		  ospf_packet_add (oi, op_dup);
-
-		  OSPF_ISM_WRITE_ON (oi->ospf);
-		}
-
+		ospf_hello_send_sub (oi, nbr->address.u.prefix4.s_addr);
 	      }
-      ospf_packet_free (op);
     }
   else
     {
       /* Decide destination address. */
       if (oi->type == OSPF_IFTYPE_VIRTUALLINK)
-	op->dst.s_addr = oi->vl_data->peer_addr.s_addr;
-      else 
-	op->dst.s_addr = htonl (OSPF_ALLSPFROUTERS);
-
-      /* Add packet to the interface output queue. */
-      ospf_packet_add (oi, op);
-
-      /* Hook thread to write packet. */
-      OSPF_ISM_WRITE_ON (oi->ospf);
+        ospf_hello_send_sub (oi, oi->vl_data->peer_addr.s_addr);
+      else
+        ospf_hello_send_sub (oi, htonl (OSPF_ALLSPFROUTERS));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_packet.h b/ospfd/ospf_packet.h
index 7b3d6866..9a472081 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_packet.h
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_packet.h
@@ -162,6 +162,5 @@ extern int ospf_ls_upd_timer (struct thread *);
 extern int ospf_ls_ack_timer (struct thread *);
 extern int ospf_poll_timer (struct thread *);
 extern int ospf_hello_reply_timer (struct thread *);
-extern void ospf_hello_send_sub (struct ospf_interface *, struct in_addr *);
 
 #endif /* _ZEBRA_OSPF_PACKET_H */
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_te.c b/ospfd/ospf_te.c
index c5ec0ad8..3467ad71 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_te.c
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_te.c
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
  * Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
  * later version.
- * 
+ *
  * GNU Zebra is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
@@ -133,7 +133,13 @@ static void ospf_mpls_te_config_write_router (struct vty *vty);
 static void ospf_mpls_te_config_write_if (struct vty *vty, struct interface *ifp);
 static void ospf_mpls_te_show_info (struct vty *vty, struct ospf_lsa *lsa);
 static int ospf_mpls_te_lsa_originate (void *arg);
+
+#if 0
 static void ospf_mpls_te_lsa_refresh (struct ospf_lsa *lsa);
+#else
+static struct ospf_lsa * ospf_mpls_te_lsa_refresh (struct ospf_lsa *lsa);
+#endif
+
 static void ospf_mpls_te_lsa_schedule (struct mpls_te_link *lp, enum sched_opcode);
 
 static void del_mpls_te_link (void *val);
@@ -282,7 +288,7 @@ ospf_mpls_te_foreach_area (
   void (*func)(struct mpls_te_link *lp, enum sched_opcode),
   enum sched_opcode sched_opcode)
 {
-  struct listnode *node, *nnode; 
+  struct listnode *node, *nnode;
   struct listnode *node2;
   struct mpls_te_link *lp;
   struct ospf_area *area;
@@ -1008,8 +1014,11 @@ ospf_mpls_te_lsa_originate (void *arg)
 out:
   return rc;
 }
-
+#if 0
 static void
+#else
+static struct ospf_lsa *
+#endif
 ospf_mpls_te_lsa_refresh (struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
 {
   struct mpls_te_link *lp;
@@ -1070,7 +1079,7 @@ ospf_mpls_te_lsa_refresh (struct ospf_lsa *lsa)
     }
 
 out:
-  return;
+  return NULL;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1566,7 +1575,7 @@ DEFUN (mpls_te_router_addr,
               break;
             }
         }
-      
+
       for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS (OspfMplsTE.iflist, node, nnode, lp))
         {
           if (lp->area == NULL)
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_vty.c b/ospfd/ospf_vty.c
index cd4d1ddf..19dfb1c4 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_vty.c
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_vty.c
@@ -2934,7 +2934,13 @@ show_ip_ospf_interface_sub (struct vty *vty, struct ospf *ospf,
 		       inet_ntoa (nbr->address.u.prefix4), VTY_NEWLINE);
 	    }
 	}
-
+      
+      /* Next network-LSA sequence number we'll use, if we're elected DR */
+      if (oi->params && ntohl (oi->params->network_lsa_seqnum)
+                          != OSPF_INITIAL_SEQUENCE_NUMBER)
+        vty_out (vty, "  Saved Network-LSA sequence number 0x%x%s",
+                 ntohl (oi->params->network_lsa_seqnum), VTY_NEWLINE);
+      
       vty_out (vty, "  Multicast group memberships:");
       if (OI_MEMBER_CHECK(oi, MEMBER_ALLROUTERS)
           || OI_MEMBER_CHECK(oi, MEMBER_DROUTERS))
@@ -7027,7 +7033,7 @@ DEFUN (ospf_max_metric_router_lsa_admin,
       SET_FLAG (area->stub_router_state, OSPF_AREA_ADMIN_STUB_ROUTED);
       
       if (!CHECK_FLAG (area->stub_router_state, OSPF_AREA_IS_STUB_ROUTED))
-          ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (area);
+          ospf_router_lsa_update_area (area);
     }
   return CMD_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -7053,7 +7059,7 @@ DEFUN (no_ospf_max_metric_router_lsa_admin,
           && !area->t_stub_router)
         {
           UNSET_FLAG (area->stub_router_state, OSPF_AREA_IS_STUB_ROUTED);
-          ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (area);
+          ospf_router_lsa_update_area (area);
         }
     }
   return CMD_SUCCESS;
@@ -7106,7 +7112,7 @@ DEFUN (no_ospf_max_metric_router_lsa_startup,
       if (!CHECK_FLAG (area->stub_router_state, OSPF_AREA_ADMIN_STUB_ROUTED))
         {
           UNSET_FLAG (area->stub_router_state, OSPF_AREA_IS_STUB_ROUTED);
-          ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (area);
+          ospf_router_lsa_update_area (area);
         }
     }
   return CMD_SUCCESS;
diff --git a/ospfd/ospf_zebra.c b/ospfd/ospf_zebra.c
index 72f0ede4..0a486199 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospf_zebra.c
+++ b/ospfd/ospf_zebra.c
@@ -930,14 +930,9 @@ ospf_distribute_list_update_timer (struct thread *thread)
   struct external_info *ei;
   struct route_table *rt;
   struct ospf_lsa *lsa;
-  intptr_t type;
+  int type, default_refresh = 0;
   struct ospf *ospf;
 
-  type = (intptr_t)THREAD_ARG (thread);
-  assert (type <= ZEBRA_ROUTE_MAX);
-  
-  rt = EXTERNAL_INFO (type);
-
   ospf = ospf_lookup ();
   if (ospf == NULL)
     return 0;
@@ -947,17 +942,24 @@ ospf_distribute_list_update_timer (struct thread *thread)
   zlog_info ("Zebra[Redistribute]: distribute-list update timer fired!");
 
   /* foreach all external info. */
-  if (rt)
-    for (rn = route_top (rt); rn; rn = route_next (rn))
-      if ((ei = rn->info) != NULL)
-        {
-          if (is_prefix_default (&ei->p))
-            ospf_external_lsa_refresh_default (ospf);
-          else if ((lsa = ospf_external_info_find_lsa (ospf, &ei->p)))
-            ospf_external_lsa_refresh (ospf, lsa, ei, LSA_REFRESH_IF_CHANGED);
-          else
-            ospf_external_lsa_originate (ospf, ei);
-        }
+  for (type = 0; type <= ZEBRA_ROUTE_MAX; type++)
+    {
+      rt = EXTERNAL_INFO (type);
+      if (!rt)
+	continue;
+      for (rn = route_top (rt); rn; rn = route_next (rn))
+	if ((ei = rn->info) != NULL)
+	  {
+	    if (is_prefix_default (&ei->p))
+	      default_refresh = 1;
+	    else if ((lsa = ospf_external_info_find_lsa (ospf, &ei->p)))
+	      ospf_external_lsa_refresh (ospf, lsa, ei, LSA_REFRESH_IF_CHANGED);
+	    else
+	      ospf_external_lsa_originate (ospf, ei);
+	  }
+    }
+  if (default_refresh)
+    ospf_external_lsa_refresh_default (ospf);
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -974,9 +976,9 @@ ospf_distribute_list_update (struct ospf *ospf, int type)
   if (!(rt = EXTERNAL_INFO (type)))
     return;
 
-  /* If exists previously invoked thread, then cancel it. */
+  /* If exists previously invoked thread, then let it continue. */
   if (ospf->t_distribute_update)
-    OSPF_TIMER_OFF (ospf->t_distribute_update);
+    return;
 
   /* Set timer. */
   pi = type ;
diff --git a/ospfd/ospfd.c b/ospfd/ospfd.c
index a5b3b1aa..48453a9b 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospfd.c
+++ b/ospfd/ospfd.c
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ ospf_router_id_update (struct ospf *ospf)
 	  ospf->external_origin = 0;
 	}
 
-      OSPF_TIMER_ON (ospf->t_router_lsa_update,
-		     ospf_router_lsa_update_timer, OSPF_LSA_UPDATE_DELAY);
+      /* update router-lsa's for each area */
+      ospf_router_lsa_update (ospf);
       
       /* update ospf_interface's */
       for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS_RO (om->iflist, node, ifp))
@@ -199,6 +199,7 @@ ospf_new (void)
   new->spf_hold_multiplier = 1;
 
   /* MaxAge init. */
+  new->maxage_delay = OSFP_LSA_MAXAGE_REMOVE_DELAY_DEFAULT;
   new->maxage_lsa = list_new ();
   new->t_maxage_walker =
     thread_add_timer (master, ospf_lsa_maxage_walker,
@@ -337,7 +338,7 @@ ospf_deferred_shutdown_check (struct ospf *ospf)
           SET_FLAG (area->stub_router_state, OSPF_AREA_ADMIN_STUB_ROUTED);
           
           if (!CHECK_FLAG (area->stub_router_state, OSPF_AREA_IS_STUB_ROUTED))
-              ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (area);
+            ospf_router_lsa_update_area (area);
         }
       timeout = ospf->stub_router_shutdown_time;
     }
@@ -473,7 +474,6 @@ ospf_finish_final (struct ospf *ospf)
 
   /* Cancel all timers. */
   OSPF_TIMER_OFF (ospf->t_external_lsa);
-  OSPF_TIMER_OFF (ospf->t_router_lsa_update);
   OSPF_TIMER_OFF (ospf->t_spf_calc);
   OSPF_TIMER_OFF (ospf->t_ase_calc);
   OSPF_TIMER_OFF (ospf->t_maxage);
@@ -631,7 +631,6 @@ ospf_area_free (struct ospf_area *area)
     free (IMPORT_NAME (area));
 
   /* Cancel timer. */
-  OSPF_TIMER_OFF (area->t_router_lsa_self);
   OSPF_TIMER_OFF (area->t_stub_router);
 #ifdef HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA
   OSPF_TIMER_OFF (area->t_opaque_lsa_self);
@@ -1041,7 +1040,7 @@ ospf_area_type_set (struct ospf_area *area, int type)
       break;
     }
 
-  ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (area);
+  ospf_router_lsa_update_area (area);
   ospf_schedule_abr_task (area->ospf);
 }
 
@@ -1052,7 +1051,7 @@ ospf_area_shortcut_set (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_area *area, int mode)
     return 0;
 
   area->shortcut_configured = mode;
-  ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (area);
+  ospf_router_lsa_update_area (area);
   ospf_schedule_abr_task (ospf);
 
   ospf_area_check_free (ospf, area->area_id);
@@ -1064,7 +1063,7 @@ int
 ospf_area_shortcut_unset (struct ospf *ospf, struct ospf_area *area)
 {
   area->shortcut_configured = OSPF_SHORTCUT_DEFAULT;
-  ospf_router_lsa_timer_add (area);
+  ospf_router_lsa_update_area (area);
   ospf_area_check_free (ospf, area->area_id);
   ospf_schedule_abr_task (ospf);
 
diff --git a/ospfd/ospfd.h b/ospfd/ospfd.h
index b24b3ced..0e57c452 100644
--- a/ospfd/ospfd.h
+++ b/ospfd/ospfd.h
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
 #endif
 #define OSPF_MIN_LS_INTERVAL                     5
 #define OSPF_MIN_LS_ARRIVAL                      1
+#define OSPF_LSA_INITIAL_AGE                     0	/* useful for debug */
 #define OSPF_LSA_MAXAGE                       3600
 #define OSPF_CHECK_AGE                         300
 #define OSPF_LSA_MAXAGE_DIFF                   900
@@ -66,7 +67,6 @@
 #define OSPF_INITIAL_SEQUENCE_NUMBER    0x80000001
 #define OSPF_MAX_SEQUENCE_NUMBER        0x7fffffff
 
-#define OSPF_LSA_MAXAGE_CHECK_INTERVAL          30
 #define OSPF_NSSA_TRANS_STABLE_DEFAULT		40
 
 #define OSPF_ALLSPFROUTERS              0xe0000005      /* 224.0.0.5 */
@@ -251,7 +251,6 @@ struct ospf
   int redistribute;                     /* Num of redistributed protocols. */
 
   /* Threads. */
-  struct thread *t_router_lsa_update;   /* router-LSA update timer. */
   struct thread *t_abr_task;            /* ABR task timer. */
   struct thread *t_asbr_check;          /* ASBR check timer. */
   struct thread *t_distribute_update;   /* Distirbute list update timer. */
@@ -261,8 +260,13 @@ struct ospf
 #ifdef HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA
   struct thread *t_opaque_lsa_self;	/* Type-11 Opaque-LSAs origin event. */
 #endif /* HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA */
+
+#define OSFP_LSA_MAXAGE_REMOVE_DELAY_DEFAULT	60
+  unsigned int maxage_delay;		/* Delay on Maxage remover timer, sec */
   struct thread *t_maxage;              /* MaxAge LSA remover timer. */
+#define OSPF_LSA_MAXAGE_CHECK_INTERVAL		30
   struct thread *t_maxage_walker;       /* MaxAge LSA checking timer. */
+
   struct thread *t_deferred_shutdown;	/* deferred/stub-router shutdown timer*/
 
   struct thread *t_write;
@@ -433,7 +437,6 @@ struct ospf_area
   struct vertex *spf;
 
   /* Threads. */
-  struct thread *t_router_lsa_self;/* Self-originated router-LSA timer. */
   struct thread *t_stub_router;    /* Stub-router timer */
 #ifdef HAVE_OPAQUE_LSA
   struct thread *t_opaque_lsa_self;	/* Type-10 Opaque-LSAs origin. */
diff --git a/ripd/rip_debug.c b/ripd/rip_debug.c
index 64dc27c0..662e5843 100644
--- a/ripd/rip_debug.c
+++ b/ripd/rip_debug.c
@@ -44,19 +44,16 @@ DEFUN (show_debugging_rip,
     {
       if (IS_RIP_DEBUG_SEND && IS_RIP_DEBUG_RECV)
 	{
-	  vty_out (vty, "  RIP packet%s debugging is on%s",
-		   IS_RIP_DEBUG_DETAIL ? " detail" : "",
+	  vty_out (vty, "  RIP packet debugging is on%s",
 		   VTY_NEWLINE);
 	}
       else
 	{
 	  if (IS_RIP_DEBUG_SEND)
-	    vty_out (vty, "  RIP packet send%s debugging is on%s",
-		     IS_RIP_DEBUG_DETAIL ? " detail" : "",
+	    vty_out (vty, "  RIP packet send debugging is on%s",
 		     VTY_NEWLINE);
 	  else
-	    vty_out (vty, "  RIP packet receive%s debugging is on%s",
-		     IS_RIP_DEBUG_DETAIL ? " detail" : "",
+	    vty_out (vty, "  RIP packet receive debugging is on%s",
 		     VTY_NEWLINE);
 	}
     }
@@ -105,11 +102,12 @@ DEFUN (debug_rip_packet_direct,
     rip_debug_packet |= RIP_DEBUG_SEND;
   if (strncmp ("recv", argv[0], strlen (argv[0])) == 0)
     rip_debug_packet |= RIP_DEBUG_RECV;
-  rip_debug_packet &= ~RIP_DEBUG_DETAIL;
   return CMD_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-DEFUN (debug_rip_packet_detail,
+/* N.B. the "detail" modifier is a no-op.  we leave this command
+   for legacy compatibility. */
+DEFUN_DEPRECATED (debug_rip_packet_detail,
        debug_rip_packet_detail_cmd,
        "debug rip packet (recv|send) detail",
        DEBUG_STR
@@ -124,7 +122,6 @@ DEFUN (debug_rip_packet_detail,
     rip_debug_packet |= RIP_DEBUG_SEND;
   if (strncmp ("recv", argv[0], strlen (argv[0])) == 0)
     rip_debug_packet |= RIP_DEBUG_RECV;
-  rip_debug_packet |= RIP_DEBUG_DETAIL;
   return CMD_SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -224,20 +221,17 @@ config_write_debug (struct vty *vty)
     {
       if (IS_RIP_DEBUG_SEND && IS_RIP_DEBUG_RECV)
 	{
-	  vty_out (vty, "debug rip packet%s%s",
-		   IS_RIP_DEBUG_DETAIL ? " detail" : "",
+	  vty_out (vty, "debug rip packet%s",
 		   VTY_NEWLINE);
 	  write++;
 	}
       else
 	{
 	  if (IS_RIP_DEBUG_SEND)
-	    vty_out (vty, "debug rip packet send%s%s",
-		     IS_RIP_DEBUG_DETAIL ? " detail" : "",
+	    vty_out (vty, "debug rip packet send%s",
 		     VTY_NEWLINE);
 	  else
-	    vty_out (vty, "debug rip packet recv%s%s",
-		     IS_RIP_DEBUG_DETAIL ? " detail" : "",
+	    vty_out (vty, "debug rip packet recv%s",
 		     VTY_NEWLINE);
 	  write++;
 	}
diff --git a/ripd/rip_debug.h b/ripd/rip_debug.h
index f3a07eea..990ec908 100644
--- a/ripd/rip_debug.h
+++ b/ripd/rip_debug.h
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@
 #define IS_RIP_DEBUG_PACKET (rip_debug_packet & RIP_DEBUG_PACKET)
 #define IS_RIP_DEBUG_SEND   (rip_debug_packet & RIP_DEBUG_SEND)
 #define IS_RIP_DEBUG_RECV   (rip_debug_packet & RIP_DEBUG_RECV)
-#define IS_RIP_DEBUG_DETAIL (rip_debug_packet & RIP_DEBUG_DETAIL)
 
 #define IS_RIP_DEBUG_ZEBRA  (rip_debug_zebra & RIP_DEBUG_ZEBRA)
 
diff --git a/ripngd/ripng_debug.c b/ripngd/ripng_debug.c
index 78f13a71..33a7cf69 100644
--- a/ripngd/ripng_debug.c
+++ b/ripngd/ripng_debug.c
@@ -45,19 +45,16 @@ DEFUN (show_debugging_ripng,
     {
       if (IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_SEND && IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_RECV)
 	{
-	  vty_out (vty, "  RIPng packet%s debugging is on%s",
-		   IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_DETAIL ? " detail" : "",
+	  vty_out (vty, "  RIPng packet debugging is on%s",
 		   VTY_NEWLINE);
 	}
       else
 	{
 	  if (IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_SEND)
-	    vty_out (vty, "  RIPng packet send%s debugging is on%s",
-		     IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_DETAIL ? " detail" : "",
+	    vty_out (vty, "  RIPng packet send debugging is on%s",
 		     VTY_NEWLINE);
 	  else
-	    vty_out (vty, "  RIPng packet receive%s debugging is on%s",
-		     IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_DETAIL ? " detail" : "",
+	    vty_out (vty, "  RIPng packet receive debugging is on%s",
 		     VTY_NEWLINE);
 	}
     }
@@ -106,11 +103,13 @@ DEFUN (debug_ripng_packet_direct,
     ripng_debug_packet |= RIPNG_DEBUG_SEND;
   if (strncmp ("recv", argv[0], strlen (argv[0])) == 0)
     ripng_debug_packet |= RIPNG_DEBUG_RECV;
-  ripng_debug_packet &= ~RIPNG_DEBUG_DETAIL;
+
   return CMD_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-DEFUN (debug_ripng_packet_detail,
+/* N.B. the "detail" modifier is a no-op.  we leave this command
+   for legacy compatibility. */
+DEFUN_DEPRECATED (debug_ripng_packet_detail,
        debug_ripng_packet_detail_cmd,
        "debug ripng packet (recv|send) detail",
        DEBUG_STR
@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@ DEFUN (debug_ripng_packet_detail,
     ripng_debug_packet |= RIPNG_DEBUG_SEND;
   if (strncmp ("recv", argv[0], strlen (argv[0])) == 0)
     ripng_debug_packet |= RIPNG_DEBUG_RECV;
-  ripng_debug_packet |= RIPNG_DEBUG_DETAIL;
+
   return CMD_SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -225,20 +224,17 @@ config_write_debug (struct vty *vty)
     {
       if (IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_SEND && IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_RECV)
 	{
-	  vty_out (vty, "debug ripng packet%s%s",
-		   IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_DETAIL ? " detail" : "",
+	  vty_out (vty, "debug ripng packet%s",
 		   VTY_NEWLINE);
 	  write++;
 	}
       else
 	{
 	  if (IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_SEND)
-	    vty_out (vty, "debug ripng packet send%s%s",
-		     IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_DETAIL ? " detail" : "",
+	    vty_out (vty, "debug ripng packet send%s",
 		     VTY_NEWLINE);
 	  else
-	    vty_out (vty, "debug ripng packet recv%s%s",
-		     IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_DETAIL ? " detail" : "",
+	    vty_out (vty, "debug ripng packet recv%s",
 		     VTY_NEWLINE);
 	  write++;
 	}
diff --git a/ripngd/ripng_debug.h b/ripngd/ripng_debug.h
index f5ed6eab..674345c0 100644
--- a/ripngd/ripng_debug.h
+++ b/ripngd/ripng_debug.h
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 #define RIPNG_DEBUG_PACKET  0x01
 #define RIPNG_DEBUG_SEND    0x20
 #define RIPNG_DEBUG_RECV    0x40
-#define RIPNG_DEBUG_DETAIL  0x80
 
 #define RIPNG_DEBUG_ZEBRA   0x01
 
@@ -39,7 +38,6 @@
 #define IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_PACKET (ripng_debug_packet & RIPNG_DEBUG_PACKET)
 #define IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_SEND   (ripng_debug_packet & RIPNG_DEBUG_SEND)
 #define IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_RECV   (ripng_debug_packet & RIPNG_DEBUG_RECV)
-#define IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_DETAIL (ripng_debug_packet & RIPNG_DEBUG_DETAIL)
 
 #define IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_ZEBRA  (ripng_debug_zebra & RIPNG_DEBUG_ZEBRA)
 
diff --git a/ripngd/ripngd.c b/ripngd/ripngd.c
index cd4e0586..d534b2b6 100644
--- a/ripngd/ripngd.c
+++ b/ripngd/ripngd.c
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  * along with GNU Zebra; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
  * Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
- * 02111-1307, USA.  
+ * 02111-1307, USA.
  */
 
 #include <zebra.h>
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ ripng_info_free (struct ripng_info *rinfo)
 {
   XFREE (MTYPE_RIPNG_ROUTE, rinfo);
 }
-
+
 /* Create ripng socket. */
-static int 
+static int
 ripng_make_socket (void)
 {
   int ret;
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ ripng_make_socket (void)
 
   if (ripngd_privs.change (ZPRIVS_RAISE))
     zlog_err ("ripng_make_socket: could not raise privs");
-  
+
   ret = bind (sock, (struct sockaddr *) &ripaddr, sizeof (ripaddr));
   if (ret < 0)
   {
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ ripng_make_socket (void)
 
 /* Send RIPng packet. */
 int
-ripng_send_packet (caddr_t buf, int bufsize, struct sockaddr_in6 *to, 
+ripng_send_packet (caddr_t buf, int bufsize, struct sockaddr_in6 *to,
 		   struct interface *ifp)
 {
   int ret;
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ ripng_send_packet (caddr_t buf, int bufsize, struct sockaddr_in6 *to,
 
   if (ret < 0) {
     if (to)
-      zlog_err ("RIPng send fail on %s to %s: %s", ifp->name, 
+      zlog_err ("RIPng send fail on %s to %s: %s", ifp->name,
                 inet6_ntoa (to->sin6_addr), safe_strerror (errno));
     else
       zlog_err ("RIPng send fail on %s: %s", ifp->name, safe_strerror (errno));
@@ -226,14 +226,17 @@ ripng_send_packet (caddr_t buf, int bufsize, struct sockaddr_in6 *to,
 /* Receive UDP RIPng packet from socket. */
 static int
 ripng_recv_packet (int sock, u_char *buf, int bufsize,
-		   struct sockaddr_in6 *from, unsigned int *ifindex, 
+		   struct sockaddr_in6 *from, unsigned int *ifindex,
 		   int *hoplimit)
 {
   int ret;
   struct msghdr msg;
   struct iovec iov;
   struct cmsghdr  *cmsgptr;
-  struct in6_addr dst;
+  struct in6_addr dst ;
+
+  dst.s6_addr[0] = 0xFF ;       /* calm down compiler: also do nothing
+                                   if does not find a dst !             */
 
   /* Ancillary data.  This store cmsghdr and in6_pktinfo.  But at this
      point I can't determine size of cmsghdr */
@@ -255,14 +258,14 @@ ripng_recv_packet (int sock, u_char *buf, int bufsize,
     return ret;
 
   for (cmsgptr = ZCMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg); cmsgptr != NULL;
-       cmsgptr = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsgptr)) 
+       cmsgptr = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsgptr))
     {
       /* I want interface index which this packet comes from. */
       if (cmsgptr->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
-	  cmsgptr->cmsg_type == IPV6_PKTINFO) 
+	  cmsgptr->cmsg_type == IPV6_PKTINFO)
 	{
 	  struct in6_pktinfo *ptr;
-	  
+
 	  ptr = (struct in6_pktinfo *) CMSG_DATA (cmsgptr);
 	  *ifindex = ptr->ipi6_ifindex;
 	  dst = ptr->ipi6_addr;
@@ -305,7 +308,7 @@ ripng_packet_dump (struct ripng_packet *packet, int size, const char *sndrcv)
     command_str = "unknown";
 
   /* Dump packet header. */
-  zlog_debug ("%s %s version %d packet size %d", 
+  zlog_debug ("%s %s version %d packet size %d",
 	     sndrcv, command_str, packet->version, size);
 
   /* Dump each routing table entry. */
@@ -316,8 +319,8 @@ ripng_packet_dump (struct ripng_packet *packet, int size, const char *sndrcv)
       if (rte->metric == RIPNG_METRIC_NEXTHOP)
 	zlog_debug ("  nexthop %s/%d", inet6_ntoa (rte->addr), rte->prefixlen);
       else
-	zlog_debug ("  %s/%d metric %d tag %d", 
-		   inet6_ntoa (rte->addr), rte->prefixlen, 
+	zlog_debug ("  %s/%d metric %d tag %d",
+		   inet6_ntoa (rte->addr), rte->prefixlen,
 		   rte->metric, ntohs (rte->tag));
     }
 }
@@ -335,7 +338,7 @@ ripng_nexthop_rte (struct rte *rte,
     zlog_debug ("RIPng nexthop RTE address %s tag %d prefixlen %d",
 	       inet6_ntoa (rte->addr), ntohs (rte->tag), rte->prefixlen);
 
-  /* RFC2080 2.1.1 Next Hop: 
+  /* RFC2080 2.1.1 Next Hop:
    The route tag and prefix length in the next hop RTE must be
    set to zero on sending and ignored on receiption.  */
   if (ntohs (rte->tag) != 0)
@@ -413,7 +416,7 @@ ripng_garbage_collect (struct thread *t)
 
   /* Off timeout timer. */
   RIPNG_TIMER_OFF (rinfo->t_timeout);
-  
+
   /* Get route_node pointer. */
   rp = rinfo->rp;
 
@@ -441,7 +444,7 @@ ripng_timeout (struct thread *t)
   rp = rinfo->rp;
 
   /* - The garbage-collection timer is set for 120 seconds. */
-  RIPNG_TIMER_ON (rinfo->t_garbage_collect, ripng_garbage_collect, 
+  RIPNG_TIMER_ON (rinfo->t_garbage_collect, ripng_garbage_collect,
 		  ripng->garbage_time);
 
   /* Delete this route from the kernel. */
@@ -485,7 +488,7 @@ ripng_incoming_filter (struct prefix_ipv6 *p, struct ripng_interface *ri)
   /* Input distribute-list filtering. */
   if (ri->list[RIPNG_FILTER_IN])
     {
-      if (access_list_apply (ri->list[RIPNG_FILTER_IN], 
+      if (access_list_apply (ri->list[RIPNG_FILTER_IN],
 			     (struct prefix *) p) == FILTER_DENY)
 	{
 	  if (IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_PACKET)
@@ -496,7 +499,7 @@ ripng_incoming_filter (struct prefix_ipv6 *p, struct ripng_interface *ri)
     }
   if (ri->prefix[RIPNG_FILTER_IN])
     {
-      if (prefix_list_apply (ri->prefix[RIPNG_FILTER_IN], 
+      if (prefix_list_apply (ri->prefix[RIPNG_FILTER_IN],
 			     (struct prefix *) p) == PREFIX_DENY)
 	{
 	  if (IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_PACKET)
@@ -513,7 +516,7 @@ ripng_incoming_filter (struct prefix_ipv6 *p, struct ripng_interface *ri)
       if (dist->list[DISTRIBUTE_IN])
 	{
 	  alist = access_list_lookup (AFI_IP6, dist->list[DISTRIBUTE_IN]);
-	    
+
 	  if (alist)
 	    {
 	      if (access_list_apply (alist,
@@ -529,7 +532,7 @@ ripng_incoming_filter (struct prefix_ipv6 *p, struct ripng_interface *ri)
       if (dist->prefix[DISTRIBUTE_IN])
 	{
 	  plist = prefix_list_lookup (AFI_IP6, dist->prefix[DISTRIBUTE_IN]);
-	  
+
 	  if (plist)
 	    {
 	      if (prefix_list_apply (plist,
@@ -583,7 +586,7 @@ ripng_outgoing_filter (struct prefix_ipv6 *p, struct ripng_interface *ri)
       if (dist->list[DISTRIBUTE_OUT])
 	{
 	  alist = access_list_lookup (AFI_IP6, dist->list[DISTRIBUTE_OUT]);
-	    
+
 	  if (alist)
 	    {
 	      if (access_list_apply (alist,
@@ -599,7 +602,7 @@ ripng_outgoing_filter (struct prefix_ipv6 *p, struct ripng_interface *ri)
       if (dist->prefix[DISTRIBUTE_OUT])
 	{
 	  plist = prefix_list_lookup (AFI_IP6, dist->prefix[DISTRIBUTE_OUT]);
-	  
+
 	  if (plist)
 	    {
 	      if (prefix_list_apply (plist,
@@ -669,7 +672,7 @@ ripng_route_process (struct rte *rte, struct sockaddr_in6 *from,
       newinfo.metric_out = rte->metric; /* XXX */
       newinfo.tag    = ntohs(rte->tag); /* XXX */
 
-      ret = route_map_apply (ri->routemap[RIPNG_FILTER_IN], 
+      ret = route_map_apply (ri->routemap[RIPNG_FILTER_IN],
 			     (struct prefix *)&p, RMAP_RIPNG, &newinfo);
 
       if (ret == RMAP_DENYMATCH)
@@ -707,7 +710,7 @@ ripng_route_process (struct rte *rte, struct sockaddr_in6 *from,
    * arrived. If the result is greater than infinity, use infinity
    * (RFC2453 Sec. 3.9.2)
    **/
- 
+
   /* Zebra ripngd can handle offset-list in. */
   ret = ripng_offset_list_apply_in (&p, ifp, &rte->metric);
 
@@ -755,7 +758,7 @@ ripng_route_process (struct rte *rte, struct sockaddr_in6 *from,
       if (rte->metric != RIPNG_METRIC_INFINITY)
 	{
 	  rinfo = ripng_info_new ();
-	  
+
 	  /* - Setting the destination prefix and length to those in
 	     the RTE. */
 	  rp->info = rinfo;
@@ -799,12 +802,12 @@ ripng_route_process (struct rte *rte, struct sockaddr_in6 *from,
   else
     {
       rinfo = rp->info;
-	  
+
       /* If there is an existing route, compare the next hop address
 	 to the address of the router from which the datagram came.
 	 If this datagram is from the same router as the existing
 	 route, reinitialize the timeout.  */
-      same = (IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL (&rinfo->from, &from->sin6_addr) 
+      same = (IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL (&rinfo->from, &from->sin6_addr)
 	      && (rinfo->ifindex == ifp->ifindex));
 
       if (same)
@@ -881,7 +884,7 @@ ripng_route_process (struct rte *rte, struct sockaddr_in6 *from,
 	      if (oldmetric != RIPNG_METRIC_INFINITY)
 		{
 		  /* - The garbage-collection timer is set for 120 seconds. */
-		  RIPNG_TIMER_ON (rinfo->t_garbage_collect, 
+		  RIPNG_TIMER_ON (rinfo->t_garbage_collect,
 				  ripng_garbage_collect, ripng->garbage_time);
 		  RIPNG_TIMER_OFF (rinfo->t_timeout);
 
@@ -914,7 +917,7 @@ ripng_route_process (struct rte *rte, struct sockaddr_in6 *from,
 
 /* Add redistributed route to RIPng table. */
 void
-ripng_redistribute_add (int type, int sub_type, struct prefix_ipv6 *p, 
+ripng_redistribute_add (int type, int sub_type, struct prefix_ipv6 *p,
 			unsigned int ifindex, struct in6_addr *nexthop)
 {
   struct route_node *rp;
@@ -959,7 +962,7 @@ ripng_redistribute_add (int type, int sub_type, struct prefix_ipv6 *p,
 	  return;
 	}
       }
-      
+
       RIPNG_TIMER_OFF (rinfo->t_timeout);
       RIPNG_TIMER_OFF (rinfo->t_garbage_collect);
 
@@ -984,10 +987,10 @@ ripng_redistribute_add (int type, int sub_type, struct prefix_ipv6 *p,
   rinfo->ifindex = ifindex;
   rinfo->metric = 1;
   rinfo->rp = rp;
-  
+
   if (nexthop && IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(nexthop))
     rinfo->nexthop = *nexthop;
-  
+
   rinfo->flags |= RIPNG_RTF_FIB;
   rp->info = rinfo;
 
@@ -1012,7 +1015,7 @@ ripng_redistribute_add (int type, int sub_type, struct prefix_ipv6 *p,
 
 /* Delete redistributed route to RIPng table. */
 void
-ripng_redistribute_delete (int type, int sub_type, struct prefix_ipv6 *p, 
+ripng_redistribute_delete (int type, int sub_type, struct prefix_ipv6 *p,
 			   unsigned int ifindex)
 {
   struct route_node *rp;
@@ -1039,13 +1042,13 @@ ripng_redistribute_delete (int type, int sub_type, struct prefix_ipv6 *p,
       rinfo = rp->info;
 
       if (rinfo != NULL
-	  && rinfo->type == type 
-	  && rinfo->sub_type == sub_type 
+	  && rinfo->type == type
+	  && rinfo->sub_type == sub_type
 	  && rinfo->ifindex == ifindex)
 	{
 	  /* Perform poisoned reverse. */
 	  rinfo->metric = RIPNG_METRIC_INFINITY;
-	  RIPNG_TIMER_ON (rinfo->t_garbage_collect, 
+	  RIPNG_TIMER_ON (rinfo->t_garbage_collect,
 			ripng_garbage_collect, ripng->garbage_time);
 	  RIPNG_TIMER_OFF (rinfo->t_timeout);
 
@@ -1053,7 +1056,7 @@ ripng_redistribute_delete (int type, int sub_type, struct prefix_ipv6 *p,
 	  ripng_aggregate_decrement (rp, rinfo);
 
 	  rinfo->flags |= RIPNG_RTF_CHANGED;
-	  
+
           if (IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_EVENT)
             zlog_debug ("Poisone %s/%d on the interface %s with an infinity metric [delete]",
                        inet6_ntoa(p->prefix), p->prefixlen,
@@ -1073,7 +1076,7 @@ ripng_redistribute_withdraw (int type)
 
   if (!ripng)
     return;
-  
+
   for (rp = route_top (ripng->table); rp; rp = route_next (rp))
     if ((rinfo = rp->info) != NULL)
       {
@@ -1082,7 +1085,7 @@ ripng_redistribute_withdraw (int type)
 	  {
 	    /* Perform poisoned reverse. */
 	    rinfo->metric = RIPNG_METRIC_INFINITY;
-	    RIPNG_TIMER_ON (rinfo->t_garbage_collect, 
+	    RIPNG_TIMER_ON (rinfo->t_garbage_collect,
 			  ripng_garbage_collect, ripng->garbage_time);
 	    RIPNG_TIMER_OFF (rinfo->t_timeout);
 
@@ -1106,7 +1109,7 @@ ripng_redistribute_withdraw (int type)
 
 /* RIP routing information. */
 static void
-ripng_response_process (struct ripng_packet *packet, int size, 
+ripng_response_process (struct ripng_packet *packet, int size,
 			struct sockaddr_in6 *from, struct interface *ifp,
 			int hoplimit)
 {
@@ -1162,7 +1165,7 @@ ripng_response_process (struct ripng_packet *packet, int size,
 
   /* Update RIPng peer. */
   ripng_peer_update (from, packet->version);
-  
+
   /* Reset nexthop. */
   memset (&nexthop, 0, sizeof (struct ripng_nexthop));
   nexthop.flag = RIPNG_NEXTHOP_UNSPEC;
@@ -1170,7 +1173,7 @@ ripng_response_process (struct ripng_packet *packet, int size,
   /* Set RTE pointer. */
   rte = packet->rte;
 
-  for (lim = ((caddr_t) packet) + size; (caddr_t) rte < lim; rte++) 
+  for (lim = ((caddr_t) packet) + size; (caddr_t) rte < lim; rte++)
     {
       /* First of all, we have to check this RTE is next hop RTE or
          not.  Next hop RTE is completely different with normal RTE so
@@ -1239,7 +1242,7 @@ ripng_response_process (struct ripng_packet *packet, int size,
 
 /* Response to request message. */
 static void
-ripng_request_process (struct ripng_packet *packet,int size, 
+ripng_request_process (struct ripng_packet *packet,int size,
 		       struct sockaddr_in6 *from, struct interface *ifp)
 {
   caddr_t lim;
@@ -1283,7 +1286,7 @@ ripng_request_process (struct ripng_packet *packet,int size,
       IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED (&rte->addr) &&
       rte->prefixlen == 0 &&
       rte->metric == RIPNG_METRIC_INFINITY)
-    {	
+    {
       /* All route with split horizon */
       ripng_output_process (ifp, from, ripng_all_route);
     }
@@ -1306,7 +1309,7 @@ ripng_request_process (struct ripng_packet *packet,int size,
 	  p.prefix = rte->addr;
 	  p.prefixlen = rte->prefixlen;
 	  apply_mask_ipv6 (&p);
-	  
+
 	  rp = route_node_lookup (ripng->table, (struct prefix *) &p);
 
 	  if (rp)
@@ -1349,10 +1352,10 @@ ripng_read (struct thread *thread)
   ripng_event (RIPNG_READ, sock);
 
   /* Read RIPng packet. */
-  len = ripng_recv_packet (sock, STREAM_DATA (ripng->ibuf), 
+  len = ripng_recv_packet (sock, STREAM_DATA (ripng->ibuf),
 			   STREAM_SIZE (ripng->ibuf), &from, &ifindex,
 			   &hoplimit);
-  if (len < 0) 
+  if (len < 0)
     {
       zlog_warn ("RIPng recvfrom failed: %s.", safe_strerror (errno));
       return len;
@@ -1374,7 +1377,7 @@ ripng_read (struct thread *thread)
   /* RIPng packet received. */
   if (IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_EVENT)
     zlog_debug ("RIPng packet received from %s port %d on %s",
-	       inet6_ntoa (from.sin6_addr), ntohs (from.sin6_port), 
+	       inet6_ntoa (from.sin6_addr), ntohs (from.sin6_port),
 	       ifp ? ifp->name : "unknown");
 
   /* Logging before packet checking. */
@@ -1389,9 +1392,9 @@ ripng_read (struct thread *thread)
     }
 
   /* Packet version mismatch checking. */
-  if (packet->version != ripng->version) 
+  if (packet->version != ripng->version)
     {
-      zlog_warn ("RIPng packet version %d doesn't fit to my version %d", 
+      zlog_warn ("RIPng packet version %d doesn't fit to my version %d",
 		 packet->version, ripng->version);
       ripng_peer_bad_packet (&from);
       return 0;
@@ -1463,7 +1466,7 @@ ripng_update (struct thread *t)
       if (ri->ri_send == RIPNG_SEND_OFF)
 	{
 	  if (IS_RIPNG_DEBUG_EVENT)
-	    zlog (NULL, LOG_DEBUG, 
+	    zlog (NULL, LOG_DEBUG,
 		  "[Event] RIPng send to if %d is suppressed by config",
 		 ifp->ifindex);
 	  continue;
@@ -1500,7 +1503,7 @@ ripng_triggered_interval (struct thread *t)
       ripng_triggered_update (t);
     }
   return 0;
-}     
+}
 
 /* Execute triggered update. */
 int
@@ -1555,7 +1558,7 @@ ripng_triggered_update (struct thread *t)
      update is triggered when the timer expires. */
   interval = (random () % 5) + 1;
 
-  ripng->t_triggered_interval = 
+  ripng->t_triggered_interval =
     thread_add_timer (master, ripng_triggered_interval, NULL, interval);
 
   return 0;
@@ -1613,9 +1616,9 @@ ripng_output_process (struct interface *ifp, struct sockaddr_in6 *to,
 
   /* Get RIPng interface. */
   ri = ifp->info;
- 
+
   ripng_rte_list = ripng_rte_new();
- 
+
   for (rp = route_top (ripng->table); rp; rp = route_next (rp))
     {
       if ((rinfo = rp->info) != NULL && rinfo->suppress == 0)
@@ -1667,8 +1670,8 @@ ripng_output_process (struct interface *ifp, struct sockaddr_in6 *to,
 	    {
 	      int ret;
 
-	      ret = route_map_apply (ri->routemap[RIPNG_FILTER_OUT], 
-				     (struct prefix *) p, RMAP_RIPNG, 
+	      ret = route_map_apply (ri->routemap[RIPNG_FILTER_OUT],
+				     (struct prefix *) p, RMAP_RIPNG,
 				     rinfo);
 
 	      if (ret == RMAP_DENYMATCH)
@@ -1726,7 +1729,7 @@ ripng_output_process (struct interface *ifp, struct sockaddr_in6 *to,
           if (rinfo->metric_out > RIPNG_METRIC_INFINITY)
             rinfo->metric_out = RIPNG_METRIC_INFINITY;
 
-	  /* Perform split-horizon with poisoned reverse 
+	  /* Perform split-horizon with poisoned reverse
 	   * for RIPng routes.
 	   **/
 	  if (ri->split_horizon == RIPNG_SPLIT_HORIZON_POISONED_REVERSE) {
@@ -1740,8 +1743,8 @@ ripng_output_process (struct interface *ifp, struct sockaddr_in6 *to,
 	}
 
       /* Process the aggregated RTE entry */
-      if ((aggregate = rp->aggregate) != NULL && 
-	  aggregate->count > 0 && 
+      if ((aggregate = rp->aggregate) != NULL &&
+	  aggregate->count > 0 &&
 	  aggregate->suppress == 0)
 	{
 	  /* If no route-map are applied, the RTE will be these following
@@ -1772,8 +1775,8 @@ ripng_output_process (struct interface *ifp, struct sockaddr_in6 *to,
 	      newinfo.tag = aggregate->tag;
 	      newinfo.tag_out = aggregate->tag_out;
 
-	      ret = route_map_apply (ri->routemap[RIPNG_FILTER_OUT], 
-				     (struct prefix *) p, RMAP_RIPNG, 
+	      ret = route_map_apply (ri->routemap[RIPNG_FILTER_OUT],
+				     (struct prefix *) p, RMAP_RIPNG,
 				     &newinfo);
 
 	      if (ret == RMAP_DENYMATCH)
@@ -1833,7 +1836,7 @@ ripng_create (void)
   ripng->timeout_time = RIPNG_TIMEOUT_TIMER_DEFAULT;
   ripng->garbage_time = RIPNG_GARBAGE_TIMER_DEFAULT;
   ripng->default_metric = RIPNG_DEFAULT_METRIC_DEFAULT;
-  
+
   /* Make buffer.  */
   ripng->ibuf = stream_new (RIPNG_MAX_PACKET_SIZE * 5);
   ripng->obuf = stream_new (RIPNG_MAX_PACKET_SIZE);
@@ -1842,7 +1845,7 @@ ripng_create (void)
   ripng->table = route_table_init ();
   ripng->route = route_table_init ();
   ripng->aggregate = route_table_init ();
- 
+
   /* Make socket. */
   ripng->sock = ripng_make_socket ();
   if (ripng->sock < 0)
@@ -1879,11 +1882,11 @@ ripng_request (struct interface *ifp)
   rte = ripng_packet.rte;
   rte->metric = RIPNG_METRIC_INFINITY;
 
-  return ripng_send_packet ((caddr_t) &ripng_packet, sizeof (ripng_packet), 
+  return ripng_send_packet ((caddr_t) &ripng_packet, sizeof (ripng_packet),
 			    NULL, ifp);
 }
 
-
+
 static int
 ripng_update_jitter (int time)
 {
@@ -1910,22 +1913,22 @@ ripng_event (enum ripng_event event, int sock)
       /* Update timer jitter. */
       jitter = ripng_update_jitter (ripng->update_time);
 
-      ripng->t_update = 
-	thread_add_timer (master, ripng_update, NULL, 
+      ripng->t_update =
+	thread_add_timer (master, ripng_update, NULL,
 			  sock ? 2 : ripng->update_time + jitter);
       break;
     case RIPNG_TRIGGERED_UPDATE:
       if (ripng->t_triggered_interval)
 	ripng->trigger = 1;
       else if (! ripng->t_triggered_update)
-	ripng->t_triggered_update = 
+	ripng->t_triggered_update =
 	  thread_add_event (master, ripng_triggered_update, NULL, 0);
       break;
     default:
       break;
     }
 }
-
+
 
 /* Print out routes update time. */
 static void
@@ -1936,7 +1939,7 @@ ripng_vty_out_uptime (struct vty *vty, struct ripng_info *rinfo)
 #define TIME_BUF 25
   char timebuf [TIME_BUF];
   struct thread *thread;
-  
+
   if ((thread = rinfo->t_timeout) != NULL)
     {
       clock = thread_timer_remain_second (thread);
@@ -1983,7 +1986,7 @@ ripng_route_subtype_print (struct ripng_info *rinfo)
          strcat(str, "?");
          break;
     }
- 
+
   return str;
 }
 
@@ -2003,7 +2006,7 @@ DEFUN (show_ipv6_ripng,
   if (! ripng)
     return CMD_SUCCESS;
 
-  /* Header of display. */ 
+  /* Header of display. */
   vty_out (vty, "Codes: R - RIPng, C - connected, S - Static, O - OSPF, B - BGP%s"
 	   "Sub-codes:%s"
 	   "      (n) - normal, (s) - static, (d) - default, (r) - redistribute,%s"
@@ -2011,7 +2014,7 @@ DEFUN (show_ipv6_ripng,
 	   "   Network      Next Hop                      Via     Metric Tag Time%s",
 	   VTY_NEWLINE, VTY_NEWLINE, VTY_NEWLINE,
 	   VTY_NEWLINE, VTY_NEWLINE, VTY_NEWLINE);
-  
+
   for (rp = route_top (ripng->table); rp; rp = route_next (rp))
     {
       if ((aggregate = rp->aggregate) != NULL)
@@ -2023,7 +2026,7 @@ DEFUN (show_ipv6_ripng,
 			 aggregate->count, aggregate->suppress,
 			 inet6_ntoa (p->prefix), p->prefixlen);
 #else
-	  len = vty_out (vty, "R(a) %s/%d ", 
+	  len = vty_out (vty, "R(a) %s/%d ",
 			 inet6_ntoa (p->prefix), p->prefixlen);
 #endif /* DEBUG */
 	  vty_out (vty, "%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
@@ -2060,7 +2063,7 @@ DEFUN (show_ipv6_ripng,
 	    len = vty_out (vty, "%*s", len, " ");
 
 	  /* from */
-	  if ((rinfo->type == ZEBRA_ROUTE_RIPNG) && 
+	  if ((rinfo->type == ZEBRA_ROUTE_RIPNG) &&
 	    (rinfo->sub_type == RIPNG_ROUTE_RTE))
 	  {
 	    len = vty_out (vty, "%s", ifindex2ifname(rinfo->ifindex));
@@ -2078,7 +2081,7 @@ DEFUN (show_ipv6_ripng,
 		   rinfo->metric, rinfo->tag);
 
 	  /* time */
-	  if ((rinfo->type == ZEBRA_ROUTE_RIPNG) && 
+	  if ((rinfo->type == ZEBRA_ROUTE_RIPNG) &&
 	    (rinfo->sub_type == RIPNG_ROUTE_RTE))
 	  {
 	    /* RTE from remote RIP routers */
@@ -2141,7 +2144,7 @@ DEFUN (show_ipv6_ripng_status,
   for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS_RO (iflist, node, ifp))
     {
       struct ripng_interface *ri;
-      
+
       ri = ifp->info;
 
       if (ri->enable_network || ri->enable_interface)
@@ -2161,7 +2164,7 @@ DEFUN (show_ipv6_ripng_status,
   vty_out (vty, "    Gateway          BadPackets BadRoutes  Distance Last Update%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
   ripng_peer_display (vty);
 
-  return CMD_SUCCESS;  
+  return CMD_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 DEFUN (router_ripng,
@@ -2490,14 +2493,14 @@ DEFUN (ripng_timers,
       vty_out (vty, "update timer value error%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
       return CMD_WARNING;
     }
-  
+
   timeout = strtoul (argv[1], &endptr, 10);
   if (timeout == ULONG_MAX || *endptr != '\0')
     {
       vty_out (vty, "timeout timer value error%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
       return CMD_WARNING;
     }
-  
+
   garbage = strtoul (argv[2], &endptr, 10);
   if (garbage == ULONG_MAX || *endptr != '\0')
     {
@@ -2554,7 +2557,7 @@ DEFUN (show_ipv6_protocols, show_ipv6_protocols_cmd,
     return CMD_SUCCESS;
 
   vty_out (vty, "Routing Protocol is \"ripng\"%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
-  
+
   vty_out (vty, "Sending updates every %ld seconds, next due in %d seconds%s",
 	   ripng->update_time, 0,
 	   VTY_NEWLINE);
@@ -2637,13 +2640,13 @@ ripng_config_write (struct vty *vty)
 
       /* RIP offset-list configuration. */
       config_write_ripng_offset_list (vty);
-      
+
       /* RIPng aggregate routes. */
       for (rp = route_top (ripng->aggregate); rp; rp = route_next (rp))
 	if (rp->info != NULL)
-	  vty_out (vty, " aggregate-address %s/%d%s", 
+	  vty_out (vty, " aggregate-address %s/%d%s",
 		   inet6_ntoa (rp->p.u.prefix6),
-		   rp->p.prefixlen, 
+		   rp->p.prefixlen,
 
 		   VTY_NEWLINE);
 
@@ -2782,7 +2785,7 @@ ripng_distribute_update_all_wrapper (struct access_list *notused)
 {
   ripng_distribute_update_all(NULL);
 }
-
+
 /* delete all the added ripng routes. */
 void
 ripng_clean()
@@ -2933,10 +2936,10 @@ ripng_routemap_update_redistribute (void)
 
   if (ripng)
     {
-      for (i = 0; i < ZEBRA_ROUTE_MAX; i++) 
+      for (i = 0; i < ZEBRA_ROUTE_MAX; i++)
 	{
 	  if (ripng->route_map[i].name)
-	    ripng->route_map[i].map = 
+	    ripng->route_map[i].map =
 	      route_map_lookup_by_name (ripng->route_map[i].name);
 	}
     }
diff --git a/tests/test-vector.c b/tests/test-vector.c
index b54ae9f9..f3b314db 100644
--- a/tests/test-vector.c
+++ b/tests/test-vector.c
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ void test_vector_insert_item(void);
 void test_vector_insert_item_here(void);
 void test_vector_delete_item(void);
 void do_test_insert(const int rider);
-int sort_cmp(const void** a, const void** b);
+int sort_cmp(const void* const* a, const void* const* b);
 void test_vector_sort(void);
 void test_vector_bsearch(void);
 void test_vector_move_item_here(void);
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ test_vector_sort(void)
 }
 
 int
-sort_cmp(const void** a, const void** b)
+sort_cmp(const void* const* a, const void* const* b)
 {
   return strcmp(*a, *b);
 }
diff --git a/zebra/interface.c b/zebra/interface.c
index ba4cf25f..03e7ff71 100644
--- a/zebra/interface.c
+++ b/zebra/interface.c
@@ -477,6 +477,10 @@ if_delete_update (struct interface *ifp)
 		}
 	    }
 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
+	  else
+	    {
+	      last = node;
+	    }
 	}
     }
   zebra_interface_delete_update (ifp);
diff --git a/zebra/router-id.c b/zebra/router-id.c
index 81ffa1b7..72747bd9 100644
--- a/zebra/router-id.c
+++ b/zebra/router-id.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * Router ID for zebra daemon.
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2004 James R. Leu 
+ * Copyright (C) 2004 James R. Leu
  *
  * This file is part of Quagga routing suite.
  *
@@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ router_id_bad_address (struct connected *ifc)
 {
   if (ifc->address->family != AF_INET)
     return 1;
-  
+
   /* non-redistributable addresses shouldn't be used for RIDs either */
   if (!zebra_check_addr (ifc->address))
     return 1;
-  
+
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ router_id_add_address (struct connected *ifc)
     l = &rid_lo_sorted_list;
   else
     l = &rid_all_sorted_list;
-  
+
   if (!router_id_find_node (l, ifc))
     listnode_add_sort (l, ifc);
 
@@ -228,16 +228,12 @@ DEFUN (no_router_id,
 static int
 router_id_cmp (void *a, void *b)
 {
-  unsigned int A, B;
+  const struct connected *ifa = (const struct connected *)a;
+  const struct connected *ifb = (const struct connected *)b;
+  unsigned int A = ntohl(ifa->address->u.prefix4.s_addr);
+  unsigned int B = ntohl(ifb->address->u.prefix4.s_addr);
 
-  A = ((struct connected *) a)->address->u.prefix4.s_addr;
-  B = ((struct connected *) b)->address->u.prefix4.s_addr;
-
-  if (A > B)
-    return 1;
-  else if (A < B)
-    return -1;
-  return 0;
+  return (int) (A - B);
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/zebra/zserv.c b/zebra/zserv.c
index cb5e411c..dc3d432b 100644
--- a/zebra/zserv.c
+++ b/zebra/zserv.c
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ zsend_route_multipath (int cmd, struct zserv *client, struct prefix *p,
     }
 
   /* Metric */
-  if (cmd == ZEBRA_IPV4_ROUTE_ADD || ZEBRA_IPV6_ROUTE_ADD)
+  if (cmd == ZEBRA_IPV4_ROUTE_ADD || cmd == ZEBRA_IPV6_ROUTE_ADD)
     {
       SET_FLAG (zapi_flags, ZAPI_MESSAGE_DISTANCE);
       stream_putc (s, rib->distance);